As of September 2024, New York ranked as the world's most attractive financial center, earning a score of *** on a comprehensive financial center rating index that considers multiple factors. London followed closely in second place with a rating of ***. What are financial centers? A financial center is a city or region that serves as a strategic hub for the financial industry, bringing together banks, trading firms, stock exchanges, and other financial institutions. These hubs are typically distinguished by strong infrastructure, a stable regulatory and political environment, favorable taxation policies, and ample opportunities for business and trade growth. According to a 2024 survey of financial services professionals, the key factors influencing a financial center's competitiveness were the business environment, human capital, and infrastructure. Financial centers by region According to the Global Financial Centers Index, the most attractive financial hubs in North America are New York, San Francisco, and Chicago. In Latin America and the Caribbean, Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, and Sao Paulo received the highest scores. When financial sector professionals were asked which financial centers were likely to become more significant in the next years, they pointed to Seoul, Singapore, Dubai.
London was the most attractive financial center in Western Europe as of September 2024. According to five broad areas of competitiveness that the ranking was built on (business environment, human capital, infrastructure, financial sector development, and reputation), London received *** points. Frankfurt ranked second, with a rating of ***. According to the Global Power City Index (GPCI), London was also the most attractive city worldwide for its economy, research and development, cultural interaction, livability, environment, and accessibility. Financial employment in the UK In 2022, the value added in the finance and insurance services sector in the United Kingdom as a percentage of total GDP was one of the largest in Europe. However, total employment in the financial services sector overall decreased since 2008. The mean weekly wage of full-time employees in the financial and insurance sector also dropped and never recovered from a sharp decrease in 2018. Largest European financial institutions In 2023, HSBC topped the list of the largest European banks in terms of total assets. With more than *** trillion U.S. dollars, the UK-based giant ranked before BNP Paribas, the largest banking institution in France.
According to a survey conducted in 2024, the business environment was identified as the most important factor for the competitiveness of global financial centers. Respondents were asked to rank the factors they considered most crucial for a financial center's competitiveness. The business environment received *** mentions, making it the top factor, followed closely by human capital, with *** mentions.
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Cayman Islands KY: Portfolio Investment Assets: World Minus 25 Significant Financial Centers data was reported at 221.374 USD bn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 85.619 USD bn for 2022. Cayman Islands KY: Portfolio Investment Assets: World Minus 25 Significant Financial Centers data is updated yearly, averaging 105.683 USD bn from Dec 2013 (Median) to 2023, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 221.374 USD bn in 2023 and a record low of 2.296 USD bn in 2014. Cayman Islands KY: Portfolio Investment Assets: World Minus 25 Significant Financial Centers data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Cayman Islands – Table KY.IMF.CPIS: BPM6: Portfolio Investment Assets: by Country: Annual.
In 2024, Dubai was the most attractive financial center in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region with a Global Financial Centres Index score of *** points. The private institute Z/Yen has constructed an index for financial center rating, in which a multitude of factors are integrated. Important areas of competitiveness are, among others, business environment, human capital, taxation, and infrastructure. Finance industry in MENA The financial technology (FinTech) industry in the MENA region has been booming recently, especially with the increased smartphone and internet penetration rates. Fintech helps businesses by allowing them to manage their financial operations efficiently using specialized software. The acceleration of fintech adoption can be attributed to the large share of the young population who were adapting to change and high rates of new technology adoption. Fintech had the highest share of startup deals in the region at ** percent in 2020 compared to other industries. The number of fintech companies in the Middle East region was forecast to reach *** firms by 2022, though this value will likely be exceeded. Fintech in the UAE The United Arab Emirates (UAE) was a leader in adopting fintech technology in the MENA region. The number of fintech startups in the UAE was *** in 2020. There were ** Islamic fintech firms in the country in the same year. The free zones ADGM and DIFC in the emirates of Abu Dhabi and Dubai respectively were proactively embracing fintech. The country’s regulatory authority boosted the blockchain sector in 2020 and 2021. Local authorities implemented regulatory laws and legalized the crypto-asset activities. The Dubai Financial Services Authority announced a crypto framework, while the Securities and Commodities Authority legitimized crypto-asset activities and introduced a crypto framework.
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Malta MT: Portfolio Investment Assets: World Minus 25 Significant Financial Centers data was reported at 53.203 USD bn in Dec 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 47.415 USD bn for Jun 2020. Malta MT: Portfolio Investment Assets: World Minus 25 Significant Financial Centers data is updated semiannually, averaging 50.501 USD bn from Jun 2013 (Median) to Dec 2020, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 93.732 USD bn in Jun 2014 and a record low of 1.981 USD bn in Dec 2013. Malta MT: Portfolio Investment Assets: World Minus 25 Significant Financial Centers data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Malta – Table MT.IMF.CPIS: BPM6: Portfolio Investment Assets: by Country: Bi-annual.
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Graph and download economic data for Rest of the World; U.S. Government Loans Excluding Capital Subscriptions and Contributions to International Financial Institutions and the IMF; Liability, Revaluation (BOGZ1FR263169205Q) from Q4 1946 to Q1 2025 about revaluation, contributions, liabilities, capital, and USA.
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ES: BOP: Financial Account: Foreign Direct Investment: Net Inflows data was reported at 4.307 USD bn in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 32.117 USD bn for 2016. ES: BOP: Financial Account: Foreign Direct Investment: Net Inflows data is updated yearly, averaging 9.419 USD bn from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2017, with 48 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 79.558 USD bn in 2008 and a record low of 202.000 USD mn in 1971. ES: BOP: Financial Account: Foreign Direct Investment: Net Inflows data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.World Bank.WDI: Balance of Payments: Capital and Financial Account. Foreign direct investment refers to direct investment equity flows in the reporting economy. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, and other capital. Direct investment is a category of cross-border investment associated with a resident in one economy having control or a significant degree of influence on the management of an enterprise that is resident in another economy. Ownership of 10 percent or more of the ordinary shares of voting stock is the criterion for determining the existence of a direct investment relationship. Data are in current U.S. dollars.; ; International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments database, supplemented by data from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and official national sources.; Sum; Note: Data starting from 2005 are based on the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (BPM6).
Astana, the capital of Kazakhstan, was rated the most attractive financial center among the presented cities in Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, and Central Asia in 2024, with a rating of ***. It was followed by Almaty and Tallinn. To compare, Moscow had a Global Financial Centers Index (GFCI) rating of 590. The rating is based on an index incorporating numerous factors, including business environment, human capital, taxation, and infrastructure, among others. The global financial center ranking is led by New York.
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Estonia EE: Portfolio Investment Assets: World Minus 25 Significant Financial Centers data was reported at 13.161 USD bn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 12.554 USD bn for 2022. Estonia EE: Portfolio Investment Assets: World Minus 25 Significant Financial Centers data is updated yearly, averaging 7.730 USD bn from Dec 2013 (Median) to 2023, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13.748 USD bn in 2021 and a record low of 1.559 USD bn in 2015. Estonia EE: Portfolio Investment Assets: World Minus 25 Significant Financial Centers data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Estonia – Table EE.IMF.CPIS: BPM6: Portfolio Investment Assets: by Country: Annual.
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United States - Rest of the World; U.S. Government Loans Excluding Capital Subscriptions and Contributions to International Financial Institutions and the IMF; Liability, Transactions was -716.00000 Mil. of $ in January of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Rest of the World; U.S. Government Loans Excluding Capital Subscriptions and Contributions to International Financial Institutions and the IMF; Liability, Transactions reached a record high of 8960.00000 in July of 1982 and a record low of -17824.00000 in October of 1990. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Rest of the World; U.S. Government Loans Excluding Capital Subscriptions and Contributions to International Financial Institutions and the IMF; Liability, Transactions - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.
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Gibraltar GI: Portfolio Investment Assets: World Minus 25 Significant Financial Centers data was reported at 673.684 USD mn in Dec 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 429.467 USD mn for Jun 2020. Gibraltar GI: Portfolio Investment Assets: World Minus 25 Significant Financial Centers data is updated semiannually, averaging 673.684 USD mn from Dec 2013 (Median) to Dec 2020, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.173 USD bn in Jun 2018 and a record low of 99.134 USD mn in Dec 2017. Gibraltar GI: Portfolio Investment Assets: World Minus 25 Significant Financial Centers data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Gibraltar – Table GI.IMF.CPIS: BPM6: Portfolio Investment Assets: by Country: Bi-annual.
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United States US: BOP: Financial Account: Foreign Direct Investment: Net data was reported at 75.747 USD bn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of -167.833 USD bn for 2016. United States US: BOP: Financial Account: Foreign Direct Investment: Net data is updated yearly, averaging 5.315 USD bn from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2017, with 48 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 177.277 USD bn in 2007 and a record low of -195.024 USD bn in 2015. United States US: BOP: Financial Account: Foreign Direct Investment: Net data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.World Bank.WDI: Balance of Payments: Capital and Financial Account. Foreign direct investment are the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. This series shows total net FDI. In BPM6, financial account balances are calculated as the change in assets minus the change in liabilities. Net FDI outflows are assets and net FDI inflows are liabilities. Data are in current U.S. dollars.; ; International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files.; ; Note: Data are based on the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (BPM6) and are only available from 2005 onwards. In BPM6, the headings of the financial account have been changed from credits and debits to net acquisition of financial assets and net incurrence of liabilities; i.e., all changes due to credit and debit entries are recorded on a net basis separately for financial assets and liabilities. Financial account balances are calculated as the change in assets minus the change in liabilities; signs are reversed from previous editions.
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Venture Capital: Assets of Venture Capitals to Assets of Financial Sector data was reported at 0.165 % in Dec 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.162 % for Nov 2024. Venture Capital: Assets of Venture Capitals to Assets of Financial Sector data is updated monthly, averaging 0.161 % from Dec 2014 (Median) to Dec 2024, with 121 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.195 % in Mar 2023 and a record low of 0.107 % in Mar 2017. Venture Capital: Assets of Venture Capitals to Assets of Financial Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank Indonesia. The data is categorized under Indonesia Premium Database’s Monetary – Table ID.KAI016: Financial System Statistics: Venture Capital Sector.
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Pakistan PK: Portfolio Investment Assets: World Minus 25 Significant Financial Centers data was reported at 344.812 USD mn in Jun 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 326.100 USD mn for Dec 2023. Pakistan PK: Portfolio Investment Assets: World Minus 25 Significant Financial Centers data is updated semiannually, averaging 326.100 USD mn from Jun 2013 (Median) to Jun 2024, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 406.601 USD mn in Jun 2021 and a record low of 231.988 USD mn in Dec 2015. Pakistan PK: Portfolio Investment Assets: World Minus 25 Significant Financial Centers data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Pakistan – Table PK.IMF.CPIS: BPM6: Portfolio Investment Assets: by Country: Bi-annual.
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United States US: BOP: Financial Account: Foreign Direct Investment: Net Inflows: % of GDP data was reported at 1.830 % in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2.655 % for 2016. United States US: BOP: Financial Account: Foreign Direct Investment: Net Inflows: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 1.007 % from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2017, with 48 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.404 % in 2000 and a record low of 0.075 % in 1971. United States US: BOP: Financial Account: Foreign Direct Investment: Net Inflows: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.World Bank.WDI: Balance of Payments: Capital and Financial Account. Foreign direct investment are the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. This series shows net inflows (new investment inflows less disinvestment) in the reporting economy from foreign investors, and is divided by GDP.; ; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and Balance of Payments databases, World Bank, International Debt Statistics, and World Bank and OECD GDP estimates.; Weighted average; Note: Data starting from 2005 are based on the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (BPM6).
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Germany DE: BOP: Financial Account: Foreign Direct Investment: Net Outflows data was reported at 91.924 USD bn in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 179.826 USD bn for 2022. Germany DE: BOP: Financial Account: Foreign Direct Investment: Net Outflows data is updated yearly, averaging 39.301 USD bn from Dec 1971 (Median) to 2023, with 53 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 212.928 USD bn in 2018 and a record low of 1.200 USD bn in 1971. Germany DE: BOP: Financial Account: Foreign Direct Investment: Net Outflows data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.World Bank.WDI: Balance of Payments: Capital and Financial Account. Foreign direct investment refers to direct investment equity flows in an economy. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, and other capital. Direct investment is a category of cross-border investment associated with a resident in one economy having control or a significant degree of influence on the management of an enterprise that is resident in another economy. Ownership of 10 percent or more of the ordinary shares of voting stock is the criterion for determining the existence of a direct investment relationship. This series shows net outflows of investment from the reporting economy to the rest of the world. Data are in current U.S. dollars.;International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments database, supplemented by data from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and official national sources.;Sum;Note: Data starting from 2005 are based on the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (BPM6).
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LV: BOP: Financial Account: Foreign Direct Investment: Net Outflows data was reported at 500.223 USD mn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 244.866 USD mn for 2016. LV: BOP: Financial Account: Foreign Direct Investment: Net Outflows data is updated yearly, averaging 84.632 USD mn from Dec 1992 (Median) to 2017, with 26 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 769.509 USD mn in 2007 and a record low of -193.254 USD mn in 2009. LV: BOP: Financial Account: Foreign Direct Investment: Net Outflows data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Latvia – Table LV.World Bank.WDI: Balance of Payments: Capital and Financial Account. Foreign direct investment refers to direct investment equity flows in an economy. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, and other capital. Direct investment is a category of cross-border investment associated with a resident in one economy having control or a significant degree of influence on the management of an enterprise that is resident in another economy. Ownership of 10 percent or more of the ordinary shares of voting stock is the criterion for determining the existence of a direct investment relationship. This series shows net outflows of investment from the reporting economy to the rest of the world. Data are in current U.S. dollars.; ; International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments database, supplemented by data from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and official national sources.; Sum; Note: Data starting from 2005 are based on the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (BPM6).
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Ukraine UA: BOP: Financial Account: Foreign Direct Investment: Net Inflows: % of GDP data was reported at 2.521 % in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3.689 % for 2016. Ukraine UA: BOP: Financial Account: Foreign Direct Investment: Net Inflows: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 2.490 % from Dec 1992 (Median) to 2017, with 26 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 9.064 % in 2005 and a record low of 0.270 % in 1992. Ukraine UA: BOP: Financial Account: Foreign Direct Investment: Net Inflows: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ukraine – Table UA.World Bank.WDI: Balance of Payments: Capital and Financial Account. Foreign direct investment are the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. This series shows net inflows (new investment inflows less disinvestment) in the reporting economy from foreign investors, and is divided by GDP.; ; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and Balance of Payments databases, World Bank, International Debt Statistics, and World Bank and OECD GDP estimates.; Weighted average; Note: Data starting from 2005 are based on the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (BPM6).
As of September 2024, New York ranked as the world's most attractive financial center, earning a score of *** on a comprehensive financial center rating index that considers multiple factors. London followed closely in second place with a rating of ***. What are financial centers? A financial center is a city or region that serves as a strategic hub for the financial industry, bringing together banks, trading firms, stock exchanges, and other financial institutions. These hubs are typically distinguished by strong infrastructure, a stable regulatory and political environment, favorable taxation policies, and ample opportunities for business and trade growth. According to a 2024 survey of financial services professionals, the key factors influencing a financial center's competitiveness were the business environment, human capital, and infrastructure. Financial centers by region According to the Global Financial Centers Index, the most attractive financial hubs in North America are New York, San Francisco, and Chicago. In Latin America and the Caribbean, Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, and Sao Paulo received the highest scores. When financial sector professionals were asked which financial centers were likely to become more significant in the next years, they pointed to Seoul, Singapore, Dubai.