The issue of Donald Trump's taxes has been a topic of ongoing controversy and investigation for several years. Trump, who broke with decades of precedent by refusing to release his tax returns during his presidential campaign, has faced scrutiny over his financial dealings and tax strategies both before and during his time in office.

One of the key findings from the limited information that has been made public is that Trump paid very little federal income tax in many years. According to a report by The New York Times, which obtained and analyzed several years of Trump's tax returns, the former president paid no income tax at all in 10 of the 15 years prior to his presidency. In 2016 and 2017, he paid just $750 in federal income tax each year.

Another key finding is that Trump has reported significant losses on his income tax returns, which he has used to offset his income and reduce his tax liability. The New York Times report found that Trump's businesses, including his golf courses and hotels, often reported losing money even as they appeared to be successful. This allowed Trump to claim large losses and use them to offset income from other sources, such as royalties from his reality television show "The Apprentice."

The issue of Trump's taxes has also been tied to ongoing legal disputes. The former president is currently involved in several ongoing audits by the IRS, as well as investigations by state authorities. In addition, the US House of Representatives subpoenaed Trump's tax returns as part of an investigation into his financial dealings, but Trump has fought the subpoena in court.

Another major development in the saga of Donald Trump's taxes was when The New York Times obtained and reported on several years of Trump's income tax returns. They revealed that the former president had paid just $750 in federal income taxes in 2016 and 2017. The paper also found that he had reported large losses from his business, including his golf courses, which allowed him to offset income from other sources. The result was Trump paid no federal income taxes in 10 of the 15 years prior to his presidency.

The findings from the New York Times report were met with widespread condemnation from political leaders, including then-presidential candidate Joe Biden. Biden said that Trump's low tax bill was "a glaring example of how the rules are rigged in favor of the wealthy."

The ongoing controversy over Trump's taxes has also led to calls for reform of the tax system. Critics have argued that the ability of the wealthy, like Trump, to use losses from one business to offset income from other sources is a loophole that should be closed.

In conclusion, the issue of Donald Trump's taxes has been a topic of ongoing controversy and investigation for several years. Despite breaking with decades of precedent by refusing to release his tax returns during his presidential campaign, Trump has faced scrutiny over his financial dealings and tax strategies both before and during his time in office. Key findings include Trump paid very little federal income tax in many years, including no income tax at all in 10 of the 15 years prior to his presidency, Trump reported significant losses on his income tax returns, which he used to offset his income and reduce his tax liability, Trump's businesses, including his golf courses and hotels, often reported losing money even as they appeared to be successful and Trump has been involved in several ongoing legal disputes related to his taxes, including an ongoing audit by the IRS and several investigations by state authorities.

There are several key questions that researchers or data scientists could ask when analyzing Donald Trump's tax returns:

**What was Trump's overall income and tax liability over the period in question? This would involve analyzing his reported income, deductions, and credits in order to determine his overall tax burden.

How did Trump use losses from his businesses to offset his income and reduce his tax liability? This would involve looking at the financial performance of his various businesses and how he used losses to offset income from other sources.

What deductions and credits did Trump claim? This would involve analyzing the specific deductions and credits he claimed in order to understand his tax strategies and whether he took advantage of any tax breaks or loopholes.

What is the nature of Trump's income streams? This would involve identifying the sources of Trump's income and how it was earned, whether it is through business, investments, or other means.

What are Trump's tax disputes? This would involve looking into any ongoing legal disputes related to Trump's taxes, including audits by the IRS or investigations by state authorities.

How does Trump's tax liability compare to others in similar income bracket? This would involve comparing Trump's tax liabi...

In the year ended 31 July, 2024, fitness apparel and accessories company Gymshark LTD generated a gross profit of roughly *** million British pounds. Compared to the financial year of 2017, the athletic apparel retailer's gross profit has become nearly ** times larger. Gymshark LTD's fiscal year ends on 31 July each year.

The circulation figures for daily newspapers in the United States reveal that USA Today distributed the most papers as of January 2019, with a daily circulation of over **** million. Back in September 2017, The Wall Street Journal ranked first, with circulation figures far outperforming The New York Times, Chicago Tribune and New York Post. Although the 2019 data shows that all daily newspapers in the top ten ranking saw a decrease in circulation since 2017, the Chicago Tribune was hit the hardest. Despite making the top ten list in both years, the paper’s daily circulation decreased by almost *** thousand.

The decline of newspaper circulation

It is no secret that print is floundering whilst at the same time digital media is flourishing. However, the impact of falling circulation figures on newspapers has an effect on advertising revenue, as circulation is one of the metrics used to determine and set advertising rates. In 2017, the estimated revenue of newspaper publishers in the United States was almost seven billion dollars lower than in 2010, despite several years of reasonably consistent revenue in terms of subscription and sales.

Similarly, print newspaper publishing revenue in the U.S. dropped by almost *** million dollars in seven years, whilst revenue for online newspapers showed positive growth.

Context

There is a lack of public available datasets on financial services and specially in the emerging mobile money transactions domain. Financial datasets are important to many researchers and in particular to us performing research in the domain of fraud detection. Part of the problem is the intrinsically private nature of financial transactions, that leads to no publicly available datasets.

We present a synthetic dataset generated using the simulator called PaySim as an approach to such a problem. PaySim uses aggregated data from the private dataset to generate a synthetic dataset that resembles the normal operation of transactions and injects malicious behaviour to later evaluate the performance of fraud detection methods.

Content

PaySim simulates mobile money transactions based on a sample of real transactions extracted from one month of financial logs from a mobile money service implemented in an African country. The original logs were provided by a multinational company, who is the provider of the mobile financial service which is currently running in more than 14 countries all around the world.

This synthetic dataset is scaled down 1/4 of the original dataset and it is created just for Kaggle.

NOTE: Transactions which are detected as fraud are cancelled, so for fraud detection these columns (oldbalanceOrg, newbalanceOrig, oldbalanceDest, newbalanceDest ) must not be used.

Headers

This is a sample of 1 row with headers explanation:

1,PAYMENT,1060.31,C429214117,1089.0,28.69,M1591654462,0.0,0.0,0,0

step - maps a unit of time in the real world. In this case 1 step is 1 hour of time. Total steps 744 (30 days simulation).

type - CASH-IN, CASH-OUT, DEBIT, PAYMENT and TRANSFER.

amount - amount of the transaction in local currency.

nameOrig - customer who started the transaction

oldbalanceOrg - initial balance before the transaction

newbalanceOrig - new balance after the transaction.

nameDest - customer who is the recipient of the transaction

oldbalanceDest - initial balance recipient before the transaction. Note that there is not information for customers that start with M (Merchants).

newbalanceDest - new balance recipient after the transaction. Note that there is not information for customers that start with M (Merchants).

isFraud - This is the transactions made by the fraudulent agents inside the simulation. In this specific dataset the fraudulent behavior of the agents aims to profit by taking control or customers accounts and try to empty the funds by transferring to another account and then cashing out of the system.

isFlaggedFraud - The business model aims to control massive transfers from one account to another and flags illegal attempts. An illegal attempt in this dataset is an attempt to transfer more than 200.000 in a single transaction.

Past Research

There are 5 similar files that contain the run of 5 different scenarios. These files are better explained at my PhD thesis chapter 7 (PhD Thesis Available here http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-12932.

We ran PaySim several times using random seeds for 744 steps, representing each hour of one month of real time, which matches the original logs. Each run took around 45 minutes on an i7 intel processor with 16GB of RAM. The final result of a run contains approximately 24 million of financial records divided into the 5 types of categories: CASH-IN, CASH-OUT, DEBIT, PAYMENT and TRANSFER.

Acknowledgements

This work is part of the research project ”Scalable resource-efficient systems for big data analytics” funded by the Knowledge Foundation (grant: 20140032) in Sweden.

Please refer to this dataset using the following citations:

PaySim first paper of the simulator:

E. A. Lopez-Rojas , A. Elmir, and S. Axelsson. "PaySim: A financial mobile money simulator for fraud detection". In: The 28th European Modeling and Simulation Symposium-EMSS, Larnaca, Cyprus. 2016