These data and scripts form the basis for Kvarnemo C, Andersson SE, Elisson J, Moore GI and Jones AG (2021). Home range use in the West Australian seahorse Hippocampus subelongatus is influenced by sex and partner's home range but not by body size or paired status. Journal of Ethology 39: 235–248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10164-021-00698-y. The abstract below is from this paper:

Genetic monogamy is the rule for many species of seahorse, including the West Australian seahorse Hippocampus subelongatus. In this paper, we revisit mark-recapture and genetic data of H. subelongatus, allowing a detailed characterization of movement distances, home range sizes and home range overlaps for each individual of known sex, paired status (paired or unpaired) and body size. As predicted, we find that females have larger home ranges and move greater distances compared to males. We also confirm our prediction that the home ranges of pair-bonded individuals (members of a pair known to reproduce together) overlap more on average than home ranges of randomly chosen individuals of the opposite or same sex. Both sexes, regardless of paired status, had home ranges that overlapped with, on average, 6–10 opposite-sex individuals. The average overlap area among female home ranges was significantly larger than the overlap among male home ranges, probably reflecting females having larger home ranges combined with a female biased adult sex ratio. Despite a prediction that unpaired individuals would need to move around to find a mate, we find no evidence that unpaired members of either sex moved more than paired individuals of the same sex. We also find no effect of body size on home range size, distance moved or number of other individuals with which a home range overlapped. These patterns of movement and overlap in home ranges among individuals of both sexes suggest that low mate availability is not a likely explanation for the maintenance of monogamy in the West Australian seahorse.

The “Fused Image dataset for convolutional neural Network-based crack Detection” (FIND) is a large-scale image dataset with pixel-level ground truth crack data for deep learning-based crack segmentation analysis. It features four types of image data including raw intensity image, raw range (i.e., elevation) image, filtered range image, and fused raw image. The FIND dataset consists of 2500 image patches (dimension: 256x256 pixels) and their ground truth crack maps for each of the four data types.

The images contained in this dataset were collected from multiple bridge decks and roadways under real-world conditions. A laser scanning device was adopted for data acquisition such that the captured raw intensity and raw range images have pixel-to-pixel location correspondence (i.e., spatial co-registration feature). The filtered range data were generated by applying frequency domain filtering to eliminate image disturbances (e.g., surface variations, and grooved patterns) from the raw range data [1]. The fused image data were obtained by combining the raw range and raw intensity data to achieve cross-domain feature correlation [2,3]. Please refer to [4] for a comprehensive benchmark study performed using the FIND dataset to investigate the impact from different types of image data on deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) performance.

If you share or use this dataset, please cite [4] and [5] in any relevant documentation.

In addition, an image dataset for crack classification has also been published at [6].

References:

[1] Shanglian Zhou, & Wei Song. (2020). Robust Image-Based Surface Crack Detection Using Range Data. Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 34(2), 04019054. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000873

[2] Shanglian Zhou, & Wei Song. (2021). Crack segmentation through deep convolutional neural networks and heterogeneous image fusion. Automation in Construction, 125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2021.103605

[3] Shanglian Zhou, & Wei Song. (2020). Deep learning–based roadway crack classification with heterogeneous image data fusion. Structural Health Monitoring, 20(3), 1274-1293. https://doi.org/10.1177/1475921720948434

[4] Shanglian Zhou, Carlos Canchila, & Wei Song. (2023). Deep learning-based crack segmentation for civil infrastructure: data types, architectures, and benchmarked performance. Automation in Construction, 146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104678

5 Shanglian Zhou, Carlos Canchila, & Wei Song. (2022). Fused Image dataset for convolutional neural Network-based crack Detection (FIND) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6383044

[6] Wei Song, & Shanglian Zhou. (2020). Laser-scanned roadway range image dataset (LRRD). Laser-scanned Range Image Dataset from Asphalt and Concrete Roadways for DCNN-based Crack Classification, DesignSafe-CI. https://doi.org/10.17603/ds2-bzv3-nc78

The datasets collected here were used to generate species distribution models for the great-tailed grackle (Quiscalus mexicanus) and boat-tailed grackle (Quiscalus major) as part of publication by Summers et al. 2022. The publication abstract is included below. Species ranges are set by limitations in climate tolerances, habitat use, and dispersal abilities. Understanding the factors governing species range dynamics remains a challenge that is ever more important in our rapidly changing world. Species ranges can shift if environmental changes affect available habitat, or if the habitat breadth or connectivity of a species changes. The ability of a species to rapidly expand their geographic range through changes in their habitat breadth, also known as niche shifts, has been linked to behavioral flexibility, the ability to change behavior when circumstances change. We tested how changes in habitat availability, habitat breadth, or habitat connectivity contributed to divergent range dynamics in a sister-species pair. The highly behaviorally flexible great-tailed grackle (Quiscalus mexicanus) has expanded its range northward from Texas to South Dakota in the past 40 years, while its closest relative, the boat-tailed grackle (Quiscalus major), has remained tied to the coasts of the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. We created species distribution and connectivity models trained on citizen science data from 1970-1979 and 2010-2019 to determine how suitable habitat ranges,habitat breadth, and range-wide connectivity have changed for both species. We found that the two species occupy distinct habitats and that the habitat of the great-tailed grackle has shifted to include a larger breadth of urban, arid environments farther from natural water sources. Meanwhile, the boat-tailed grackle has remained limited to warm, wet, coastal environments. We found no evidence that changes in habitat connectivity affected the ranges of either species. Overall, our results suggest that a change in habitat breadth drove the rapid range expansion of the great-tailed grackle, while climate change shaped minor shifts in the available range of the boat-tailed grackle. The expansion in habitat breadth of the great-tailed grackle is consistent with observations that species with high behavioral flexibility can rapidly expand their geographic range by using human-altered habitat. This investigation identifies how opposite responses to anthropogenic change drive divergent range dynamics, elucidating the factors that have and will continue to shape species ranges.

PLSS Sections

Every species experiences limits to its geographic distribution. Some evolutionary models predict that populations at range edges are less well-adapted to their local environments due to drift, expansion load, or swamping gene flow from the range interior. Alternatively, populations near range edges might be uniquely adapted to marginal environments. In this study, we use a database of transplant studies that quantify performance at broad geographic scales to test how local adaptation, site quality, and population quality change from spatial and climatic range centers towards edges. We find that populations from poleward edges perform relatively poorly, both on average across sites (15% lower population quality) and when compared to other populations at home (31% relative fitness disadvantage), consistent with these populations harboring high genetic load. Populations from equatorial edges also perform poorly on average (18% lower population quality) but, in contrast, outperform foreign populations (16% relative fitness advantage), suggesting that populations from equatorial edges have adapted to unique environments. Finally, we find that populations from sites that are thermally extreme relative to the species' niche demonstrate strong local adaptation, regardless of geographic position. Our findings indicate that both nonadaptive processes and adaptive evolution contribute to variation in adaptation across species' ranges.

Summary of search results based on search terms, where quotation marks (“”) indicate a search for the exact term and an asterix (*) indicates all variations of the word.

The results of a search for a standard model-like Higgs boson in the mass range between 70 and 110 GeV decaying into two photons are presented. The analysis uses the data set collected with the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions during the 2012 and 2016 LHC running periods. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 (35.9) fb$^{-1}$ at $\sqrt{s} =$8 (13) TeV. The expected and observed 95% confidence level upper limits on the product of the cross section and branching fraction into two photons are presented. The observed upper limit for the 2012 (2016) data set ranges from 129 (161) fb to 31 (26) fb. The statistical combination of the results from the analyses of the two data sets in the common mass range between 80 and 110 GeV yields an upper limit on the product of the cross section and branching fraction, normalized to that for a standard model-like Higgs boson, ranging from 0.7 to 0.2, with two notable exceptions: one in the region around the Z boson peak, where the limit rises to 1.1, which may be due to the presence of Drell-Yan dielectron production where electrons could be misidentified as isolated photons, and a second due to an observed excess with respect to the standard model prediction, which is maximal for a mass hypothesis of 95.3 GeV with a local (global) significance of 2.8 (1.3) standard deviations.

Students will analyze how the market areas for specific chain stores change based on the typeof store. The activity uses a web-based map and is tied to the AP Human Geography benchmarks. Learning outcomes:Students will be able to identify and explain the spatial hierarchy of major chain stores in Houston, Texas.Students will be able to analyze the range and market areas for coffee shops, fast food restaurants, home improvement stores, and luxury department stores.Find more advanced human geography geoinquiries and explore all geoinquiries at http://www.esri.com/geoinquiries

We used acoustic telemetry to track age 1 juvenile Greenland cod Gadus ogac in Newman Sound, Newfoundland, from October 2010 to November 2012, in 2 consecutive 1 yr experiments. Using single (Year 1) and reciprocal (Year 2) transplant study designs, we investigated seasonal dispersal, home range area, and potential homing behaviour between coves ~3.5 km apart. We tracked individuals moving at metre to kilometre scales, using a network of 26 to 32 hydrophones. We converted tag detections to position estimates in order to calculate seasonal home ranges and individual movement patterns. Home range increased significantly with season (pre-winter, winter, and post-winter) in both study years. Mean seasonal home range area ranged from 0.29 to 3.47 km2 in Year 1 and 0.43 to 1.72 km2 in Year 2. In contrast, fish size-at-capture, capture location, and release location had no significant effect on seasonal home range. Increased movement distance during the winter and post-winter season suggests a...

Many marine and terrestrial clades show similar latitudinal gradients in species richness, but opposite gradients in range size—on land, ranges are the smallest in the tropics, whereas in the sea, ranges are the largest in the tropics. Therefore, richness gradients in marine and terrestrial systems do not arise from a shared latitudinal arrangement of species range sizes. Comparing terrestrial birds and marine bivalves, we find that gradients in range size are concordant at the level of genera. Here, both groups show a nested pattern in which narrow-ranging genera are confined to the tropics and broad-ranging genera extend across much of the gradient. We find that (i) genus range size and its variation with latitude is closely associated with per-genus species richness and (ii) broad-ranging genera contain more species both within and outside of the tropics when compared with tropical- or temperate-only genera. Within-genus species diversification thus promotes genus expansion to novel latitudes. Despite underlying differences in the species range-size gradients, species-rich genera are more likely to produce a descendant that extends its range relative to the ancestor's range. These results unify species richness gradients with those of genera, implying that birds and bivalves share similar latitudinal dynamics in net species diversification.

This dataset is about book subjects and is filtered where the books includes A range guide to mines and minerals : how and where to find valuable ores and minerals in the United States, featuring 10 columns including authors, average publication date, book publishers, book subject, and books. The preview is ordered by number of books (descending).

Subscribers can find out export and import data of 23 countries by HS code or product’s name. This demo is helpful for market analysis.

As of 2023, a large majority of online search interest in Africa falls in the zero to 5,000 South African rand price range (around zero to 267.25 U.S. dollars), at over 47 percent. Ranking second, was the 5,000 to 10,000 South African rand price band (approximately 267,25 to 534,50 U.S. dollars). Although this demonstrates that most luxury consumers on the continent are looking at luxury products within an affordable budget, a small 7.3 percent of the target group are prepared to spend 50,000 South African rands and above (2,673 U.S. dollars and upwards).

Vegetation

Subscribers can find out export and import data of 23 countries by HS code or product’s name. This demo is helpful for market analysis.

The sales volume of gas ranges made from metal in the furniture industry in Japan decreased by 6.1 thousand units (-6.48 percent) in 2023 in comparison to the previous year. In 2023, the sales quantity thereby reached its lowest value in the recent years. Notably, the sales quantity in this industry is continuously decreasing over the last years.Find more statistics on other topics about Japan with key insights such as sales value of metal built-in kitchens, sales value of cupboards made from wood, and inventory quantity of desks made from wood.

Previous theoretical work on range expansions over heterogeneous environments showed that there is a critical environmental gradient where range expansion stops. For populations with freely recombining loci underlying the trait under selection (hereafter adaptive loci), the critical gradient in one-dimensional habitats depends on the fitness cost of dispersal, and the strength of selection relative to genetic drift. Here, we extend the previous work in two directions and ask: What is the role of the recombination rate between the adaptive loci during range expansions? And what effect does the ability of selfing as opposed to obligate outcrossing have on range expansions? To answer these questions, we use computer simulations. We demonstrate that, while reduced recombination rates between adaptive loci slow down range expansions due to poor purging of locally deleterious alleles at the expansion front, they may also allow a species to occupy a greater range. In addition, we find that the allowance of selfing may improve the ability of populations to expand their ranges. We conclude that during range expansions there is a trade-off between positive and negative effects of recombination within and between individuals.

Methods This is a custom-made code, written in Matlab.

AbstractSpecies expanding into new habitats as a result of climate change or human introductions will frequently encounter resident competitors. Theoretical models suggest that such interspecific competition can alter the speed of expansion and the shape of expanding range boundaries. However, competitive interactions are rarely considered when forecasting the success or speed of expansion, in part because there has been no direct experimental evidence that competition affects either expansion speed or boundary shape. Here we demonstrate that interspecific competition alters both expansion speed and range boundary shape. Using a two-species experimental system of the flour beetles Tribolium castaneum and Tribolium confusum, we show that interspecific competition dramatically slows expansion across a landscape over multiple generations. Using a parameterized stochastic model of expansion, we find that this slowdown can persist over the long-term. We also find that the shape of the moving range boundary changes continuously over many generations of expansion, first steepening and then becoming shallower, due to the competitive effect of the resident and density-dependent dispersal of the invader. This dynamic boundary shape suggests that current forecasting approaches assuming a constant shape could be misleading. More broadly, our results demonstrate that interactions between competing species can play a large role during range expansions and thus should be included in models and studies that monitor, forecast, or manage expansions in natural systems. Usage notesThis ZIP archive contains R scripts and data files necessary for reproducing the analysis and figures of the paper. See the README file in the archive for further details.

The number of employees of the company Range Resources headquartered in the United States increased by 17 persons (+3.23 percent) since the previous year. In total, the number of employees amounted to 544 persons in 2022. This increase was preceded by a declining number of employees for this company.Find more detailed information about the company at Statista Company Insights and a detailed description of the methodology on our dedicated page.

Many marine and terrestrial clades show similar latitudinal gradients in species richness, but opposite gradients in range size—on land, ranges are the smallest in the tropics, whereas in the sea, ranges are the largest in the tropics. Therefore, richness gradients in marine and terrestrial systems do not arise from a shared latitudinal arrangement of species range sizes. Comparing terrestrial birds and marine bivalves, we find that gradients in range size are concordant at the level of genera. Here, both groups show a nested pattern in which narrow-ranging genera are confined to the tropics and broad-ranging genera extend across much of the gradient. We find that (i) genus range size and its variation with latitude is closely associated with per-genus species richness and (ii) broad-ranging genera contain more species both within and outside of the tropics when compared with tropical- or temperate-only genera. Within-genus species diversification thus promotes genus expansion to novel ...