Background and Aims: Declining fertility is a key driver behind the rapid aging of populations worldwide. Finland has experienced a 25% decline in fertility from 2010 to date and ranks low even on the European and Nordic scales. This study aimed to address the association between sociodemographic indicators and birth rate (i.e., live births relative to total population) in Finland.Methods: Open data on 310 Finnish municipalities were retrieved from the public database of Statistics Finland. Several sociodemographic subdimensions (population structure, education and income, location and living, divorces, car ownership rate, and crime rate), each converted to standard deviation units, were modeled against birth rate at the municipality level using generalized estimating equations.Results: In this dataset, average annual birth rate was 8.8 per 1,000 individuals. Birth rate was positively associated with change in population size (rate ratio 1.06, 95% confidence interval 1.04−1.08), percentage of

The study charted Finnish people's values and attitudes. The themes of the Autumn 2020 survey included the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, financing the welfare state, happiness, equality, birth rate, and social problems. First, the respondents were presented with a variety of attitudinal statements concerning, among other topics, the Government's actions to combat COVID-19, politics, employment, reliability of information, and alcohol use. Next, the survey examined the respondents' attitudes towards rebalancing public finance after the COVID-19 pandemic. Opinions on financing the welfare state were also charted with various questions. For instance, it has been said that financing the welfare state requires that Finns must work more/longer in the future than they do at present, one way or other. Relating to this statement, the respondents were asked to evaluate whether several ways of achieving the goal of making Finns work more/longer were good or bad (e.g. increasing the number of weekly working hours or making it more difficult to take early retirement or get disability pension). Everyday well-being and happiness were also surveyed. The respondents were asked how happy they were at present and how satisfied they were with various matters, such as their income level, relationship status, and opportunities to influence in society. Questions also focused on what the respondents thought contributed to a happy life, for instance whether they thought that good relationships, health, social respect, interesting hobbies, or spirituality were prerequisites for happiness. Several questions charted views on equality and inequality among Finns (e.g. the presence of gender, generational, regional and occupational equality/inequality in Finland). Views on the reasons behind the low birth rate in Finland were examined next (e.g. whether the respondents thought unemployment or general uncertainty contributed to the low birth rate). The respondents were also asked which policy means they thought might be effective in increasing the birth rate. Social problems were examined with questions on whether the respondents had personally experienced or otherwise closely witnessed problems such as anxiety or depression, bullying, substance addiction, problem use of alcohol, or gambling problems, during the past few years. Finally, the respondents' views were surveyed regarding the impact of Donald Trump and his administration on, for instance, the global status of and respect for the United States. Opinions on Finland's EU membership and the euro as Finland's currency were also examined. Background variables included gender, age group, size of the respondent's municipality of residence, region of residence, employer type, employment status, type of employment contract, occupational group, employment sector, trade union membership, political party preference (which party the respondent would vote for), self-perceived social class, and annual income of the respondent's household.

In 2024, the average monthly earnings in Finland amounted to 4,051 euros. The average earnings in the central government sector reached 4,467 euros per month, while the corresponding figure in the non-profit institutions serving households sector was 3,548 euros per month. The gender pay gap remains Despite an overall increase in average earnings across all sectors, the gender pay gap in Finland has remained relatively stable, with men continuing to earn higher salaries than women. As of 2023, men earned around 650 euros more on average than women. However, the employment rate among women was higher than among men. Finland's aging population Finland's population is getting older, as can be seen through the increasing median age of its inhabitants. Between 1960 and 2023, the crude birth rate more than halved. In 2023, 7.8 births were recorded per 1,000 population of the country. Moreover, there is a gender gap in Finland's life expectancy, with women expected to live roughly five years longer than men.

This statistic shows the 20 countries * with the lowest infant mortality rate in 2024. An estimated 1.5 out of 1,000 live births died in the first year of life in Slovenia and Singapore in 2024. Infant mortality Infant mortality rates are often used as an indicator of the health and well-being of a nation. Monaco, Iceland, and Japan are among the top three countries with the lowest infant mortality rates with around 2 infant deaths per 1,000 infants within their first year of life. Generally, the countries with the lowest infant mortality also have some of the highest average life expectancy figures. Additionally, the countries with the highest density of physicians and doctors also generally report low infant mortality. Yet, many different factors contribute to differing rates, including the overall income of a country, health spending per capita, a mother’s level of education, environmental conditions, and medical infrastructure, to name a few. This creates a lot of variation concerning the level of childbirth and infant care around the world. The countries with the highest rates of infant mortality include Afghanistan, Mali, and Somalia. These countries experience around 100 infant deaths per 1,000 infants in their first year of life. While the reasons for high rates of infant mortality are numerous, the leading causes of death for children under the year five around the world are Pneumonia, Diarrhea, and Prematurity.

BackgroundThe object of this study was to identify temperament patterns in the Finnish population, and to determine the relationship between these profiles and life habits, socioeconomic status, and health. Methods/Principal FindingsA cluster analysis of the Temperament and Character Inventory subscales was performed on 3,761 individuals from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 and replicated on 2,097 individuals from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study. Clusters were formed using the k-means method and their relationship with 115 variables from the areas of life habits, socioeconomic status and health was examined. ResultsFour clusters were identified for both genders. Individuals from Cluster I are characterized by high persistence, low extravagance and disorderliness. They have healthy life habits, and lowest scores in most of the measures for psychiatric disorders. Cluster II individuals are characterized by low harm avoidance and high novelty seeking. They report the best physical capacity and highest level of income, but also high rate of divorce, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Individuals from Cluster III are not characterized by any extreme characteristic. Individuals from Cluster IV are characterized by high levels of harm avoidance, low levels of exploratory excitability and attachment, and score the lowest in most measures of health and well-being. ConclusionsThis study shows that the temperament subscales do not distribute randomly but have an endogenous structure, and that these patterns have strong associations to health, life events, and well-being.