The total population of Finland amounted to approximately 5.60 million inhabitants in 2023. Slightly more than half of the population in Finland, roughly 2.8 million, were women, compared to around 2.77 million men. The population of Finland has been steadily increasing, but showed a slowing trend in recent years.

Fertility rate dropped to an all-time low in Finland The slowing increase of the Finnish population can be seen in the country’s decreasing fertility rate, which dropped to an all-time low in 2019. The estimated number of children born to a woman amounted to 1.35 in 2019, whereas in 2010 this was 1.87.

The number of elders in Finland exceeded the number of 0 to 19 year-olds Another factor slowing down the population growth is the aging population of the country. The number of people aged 60 years and older has been increasing in recent years, amounting to over 1.6 million in 2023. In 2018, the elderly population in Finland exceeded that of children and teenagers.

As of 2023, roughly 5.03 million out of Finland's total population of 5.6 million were of Finnish origin. The majority of non-Finnish inhabitants were immigrants from Europe including Cyprus and Turkey. Around 286,000 inhabitants were of European origin, followed by 186,482 inhabitants of Asian origin.

As of 2023, roughly 5.03 million out of Finland's total population of 5.6 million were of Finnish origin. After Finnish and European origins, the largest inhabitant groups in Finland were of Asian and African origin.

Chart and table of Finland population from 1950 to 2025. United Nations projections are also included through the year 2100.

In 2023, the total population of Finland amounted to roughly 5.6 million. The largest age groups were 20 to 39 year-olds (1.4 million), and 40 to 59 year-olds (1.39 million), which made up over half of the population.

While the number of individuals belonging to the younger age groups declined over the period from 2018 to 2023, the age group of 60 years and older continued to increase. By the end of 2023, number of people aged 60 or older was over 1.6 million. The growing number of individuals aged 60 or older reflects the change towards an older population structure of the country.

Demographics data Finland 2022 at municipality level - 200+ attributes, including family size, family composition, occupancy type and more

Finland Population: Up to 4 Years data was reported at 278,510.000 Person in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 287,537.000 Person for 2016. Finland Population: Up to 4 Years data is updated yearly, averaging 327,400.000 Person from Dec 1865 (Median) to 2017, with 153 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 502,668.000 Person in 1950 and a record low of 223,358.000 Person in 1870. Finland Population: Up to 4 Years data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistics Finland. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.G001: Population: by Gender and Age Group.

UNICEF's country profile for Finland, including under-five mortality rates, child health, education and sanitation data.

Finland Population: Male: Up to 4 Years data was reported at 142,459.000 Person in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 147,041.000 Person for 2016. Finland Population: Male: Up to 4 Years data is updated yearly, averaging 166,200.000 Person from Dec 1865 (Median) to 2017, with 153 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 256,687.000 Person in 1950 and a record low of 112,083.000 Person in 1870. Finland Population: Male: Up to 4 Years data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistics Finland. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.G001: Population: by Gender and Age Group.

As of 2023, the total population of Finland was approximately 5.6 million inhabitants. In the period from 1915 to 2023, the population of Finland steadily increased, but showed a slowing trend in recent years. In 1950, the total population was around four million, and it took until 1990 to reach the five million mark.

Population ages 45-49, male (% of male population) in Finland was reported at 6.3475 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Finland - Population ages 45-49, male (% of male population) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on March of 2025.

Graph and download economic data for Infra-Annual Labor Statistics: Working-Age Population Total: From 15 to 64 Years for Finland (LFWA64TTFIQ647N) from Q1 1998 to Q3 2024 about Finland, working-age, 15 to 64 years, and population.

Finland FI: Population: as % of Total: Female: Aged 0-14 data was reported at 15.803 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 15.761 % for 2016. Finland FI: Population: as % of Total: Female: Aged 0-14 data is updated yearly, averaging 18.293 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 28.738 % in 1960 and a record low of 15.750 % in 2014. Finland FI: Population: as % of Total: Female: Aged 0-14 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.World Bank: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Female population between the ages 0 to 14 as a percentage of the total female population. Population is based on the de facto definition of population.; ; World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision.; Weighted average; Relevance to gender indicator: Knowing how many girls, adolescents and women there are in a population helps a country in determining its provision of services.

There were 3 860 100 Facebook users in Finland in January 2025, which accounted for 68.1% of its entire population. The majority of them were women - 55.4%. People aged 25 to 34 were the largest user group (893 800). The highest difference between men and women occurs within people aged 65 and above, where women lead by 183 700.

Finland Vital Statistics: Population Increase data was reported at 9,833.000 Person in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 15,989.000 Person for 2016. Finland Vital Statistics: Population Increase data is updated yearly, averaging 18,033.000 Person from Dec 1750 (Median) to 2017, with 268 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 190,073.000 Person in 1811 and a record low of -96,660.000 Person in 1868. Finland Vital Statistics: Population Increase data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistics Finland. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.G003: Vital Statistics.

Related article: Bergroth, C., Järv, O., Tenkanen, H., Manninen, M., Toivonen, T., 2022. A 24-hour population distribution dataset based on mobile phone data from Helsinki Metropolitan Area, Finland. Scientific Data 9, 39.

In this dataset:

We present temporally dynamic population distribution data from the Helsinki Metropolitan Area, Finland, at the level of 250 m by 250 m statistical grid cells. Three hourly population distribution datasets are provided for regular workdays (Mon – Thu), Saturdays and Sundays. The data are based on aggregated mobile phone data collected by the biggest mobile network operator in Finland. Mobile phone data are assigned to statistical grid cells using an advanced dasymetric interpolation method based on ancillary data about land cover, buildings and a time use survey. The data were validated by comparing population register data from Statistics Finland for night-time hours and a daytime workplace registry. The resulting 24-hour population data can be used to reveal the temporal dynamics of the city and examine population variations relevant to for instance spatial accessibility analyses, crisis management and planning.

Please cite this dataset as:

Bergroth, C., Järv, O., Tenkanen, H., Manninen, M., Toivonen, T., 2022. A 24-hour population distribution dataset based on mobile phone data from Helsinki Metropolitan Area, Finland. Scientific Data 9, 39. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-01113-4

Organization of data

The dataset is packaged into a single Zipfile Helsinki_dynpop_matrix.zip which contains following files:

HMA_Dynamic_population_24H_workdays.csv represents the dynamic population for average workday in the study area.

HMA_Dynamic_population_24H_sat.csv represents the dynamic population for average saturday in the study area.

HMA_Dynamic_population_24H_sun.csv represents the dynamic population for average sunday in the study area.

target_zones_grid250m_EPSG3067.geojson represents the statistical grid in ETRS89/ETRS-TM35FIN projection that can be used to visualize the data on a map using e.g. QGIS.

Column names

YKR_ID : a unique identifier for each statistical grid cell (n=13,231). The identifier is compatible with the statistical YKR grid cell data by Statistics Finland and Finnish Environment Institute.

H0, H1 ... H23 : Each field represents the proportional distribution of the total population in the study area between grid cells during a one-hour period. In total, 24 fields are formatted as “Hx”, where x stands for the hour of the day (values ranging from 0-23). For example, H0 stands for the first hour of the day: 00:00 - 00:59. The sum of all cell values for each field equals to 100 (i.e. 100% of total population for each one-hour period)

In order to visualize the data on a map, the result tables can be joined with the target_zones_grid250m_EPSG3067.geojson data. The data can be joined by using the field YKR_ID as a common key between the datasets.

License Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International.

Related datasets

Järv, Olle; Tenkanen, Henrikki & Toivonen, Tuuli. (2017). Multi-temporal function-based dasymetric interpolation tool for mobile phone data. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.252612

Tenkanen, Henrikki, & Toivonen, Tuuli. (2019). Helsinki Region Travel Time Matrix [Data set]. Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3247564

Urban population refers to people living in urban areas as defined by national statistical offices. It is calculated using World Bank population estimates and urban ratios from the United Nations World Urbanization Prospects. Aggregation of urban and rural population may not add up to total population because of different country coverages.

Finland population density for 400m H3 hexagons.

Built from Kontur Population: Global Population Density for 400m H3 Hexagons Vector H3 hexagons with population counts at 400m resolution.

Fixed up fusion of GHSL, Facebook, Microsoft Buildings, Copernicus Global Land Service Land Cover, Land Information New Zealand, and OpenStreetMap data.

In 2023, the population density of Finland was 18.4 inhabitants per square kilometer. The most densely populated region was Uusimaa with approximately 193.2 inhabitants per square kilometer. Lapland was the most scarcely populated region with roughly two inhabitants per square kilometer.

Finland FI: Population: Male: Ages 20-24: % of Male Population data was reported at 6.337 % in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 6.482 % for 2016. Finland FI: Population: Male: Ages 20-24: % of Male Population data is updated yearly, averaging 7.451 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10.462 % in 1971 and a record low of 6.215 % in 1996. Finland FI: Population: Male: Ages 20-24: % of Male Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.World Bank: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Male population between the ages 20 to 24 as a percentage of the total male population.; ; World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision.; ;