As of 2023, roughly 5.03 million out of Finland's total population of 5.6 million were of Finnish origin. After Finnish and European origins, the largest inhabitant groups in Finland were of Asian and African origin.

The survey, commissioned by the newsmagazine Suomen Kuvalehti, charted attitudes in Finland towards immigrants from different countries as well as beliefs about race. First, the respondents were asked to state their position on a scale from 0 to 10, where 10 indicated they hoped that Finland would be populated as much as possible by people of Finnish origin sharing the national values, and 0 that they hoped Finland would be populated as much as possible by people from a diversity of countries and ethnic backgrounds. Next, opinions were studied regarding how desirable or undesirable the respondents thought it was that immigrants of certain nationalities would come to Finland. The nationalities mentioned were Swedes, Germans, Russians, Estonians, US Americans, Somalis, Kosovars, Iraqis, Afghans, Syrians, Chinese, Thai and Ukrainians. The respondents were also asked to what extent they agreed with the following four statements: 'The mental abilities of black Africans are lower than those of white people living in Western countries', ' All people have equal value regardless of the colour of their skin or ethnic background', 'The white European race should be prevented from being mixed with darker races because otherwise the original population of Europe will become extinct before long ', and 'There is no such thing as 'race' since all human beings are genetically very much alike'. One question studied whether the respondents thought the Finnish media reported more negatively or positively on the Perussuomalaiset party (the Finns Party) than on the other political parties. Background variables included the respondent's gender, age, region of residence (NUTS3), major region of residence (NUTS2), city or type of municipality, education, occupational status and economic activity, household composition, number and ages of children living at home, total gross annual income of the household, and type of housing.

The dataset contains data on the representation of the 16 bumblebee (Bombus spp.) species collected from 55 sampling points in urban landscapes of six Finnish cities (Helsinki, Espoo, Tampere, Turku, Kuopio, and Joensuu) during summer 2022. The estimated geographic area of the sampling campaign covered 44 160 km2. The total sample size is 512 specimens, from which 338 are females (workers and queens) and 174 are males. The dataset contains information on the collection time and the associated plant species from which bumblebees were sampled. Associated plants were Finnish native wildflowers and ornamental plant species flowering in cities during the collection time. The sampling campaign was performed as a part of the “CarPLANT” project supported by the Maj and Tor Nessling Foundation [grant 202200067].

In 2020, only 36 percent of the respondents in Finland identified themselves with their religion. At the same time, 20 percent did not identify themselves with these values at all.

Observation database for insect enthusiasts. Was created and operated by Matti Virtala in co-operation with Luomus and several scientific societies. The data has been tranferred to FinBIF observation system Notebook.

The survey studied religiosity and attitudes towards religious pluralism in Finland. It formed part of the research "What Are the Impacts of Religious Diversity? Regions in Three European Countries Compared", funded by New Opportunities for Research Funding Co-operation in Europe (NORFACE). The same survey was also carried out in Slovenia and Germany. First, views on religious pluralism were charted by asking the respondents whether truth can be found in none, one or all religions. The importance of religion in the respondents' lives was studied with questions about religious experiences, praying, meditating, taking part in religious services and activities, and belief in God and afterlife. The respondents were also asked how religious or spiritual they considered themselves to be and how often they rethought their religious views or were critical of religious teachings. Other questions covered the respondents' religious options and religious currents they had been in contact with. Another set of questions focused on the degree of fundamentalism, asking the respondents whether they tried to convert others to their religion, were prepared to make sacrifices for religion, whether they thought their religions was the only right one etc. Views were probed on what kind of groups (e.g. alcoholics, immigrants, homosexuals, people of different race) the respondents would not have liked to have as their neighbours. One theme pertained to tolerance towards immigrants. Frequency of participating in activities promoting human rights, development aid, community activities, environmental or cultural issues was charted, as well as participation in activities organized by a religious community and donations to charity. A number of questions studied religious affiliation and commitment to the religious community. Background variables included the respondent's year of birth, gender, education, marital status, financial circumstances of the family, number of persons living in the household, R's ethnic background, Finnish citizenship, native tongue, and type of neighbourhood.

In Finland, the distribution of stores across different platforms presents a dynamic picture of the market. WooCommerce, as a leading platform, hosts 12.7K stores, accounting for 36.44% of the total store count in the region. This is closely followed by Custom Cart, which supports 10.68K stores, representing 30.66% of the region's total. Shopify makes a significant contribution with 6.66K stores, or 19.13% of the total. The chart underscores the diversity and preferences of store owners in Finland regarding their choice of platform.

The data originates from national monitoring on the effects of the Finnish agri-environment support scheme (MYTVAS). In 2001, 2005, and 2010 a total of 52 one km2 quadrates situated in four geographical regions in Finland were sampled using stratified random sampling. Distance between the quadrates was one km, in most cases 10 km. In each 1 km2 quadrate, vascular plants were recorded in up to 12 separate 50 m long and 1 m wide transect lines (with total monitored area of 50 m2). The transect lines located in the centre of the habitat patch, at least 50 m distance from each other. The habitats were open and semi-open uncultivated patches. The data of same 580 transects has been studied in all the study years. The methods are described in the following five publications:

Jauni, M. & Helenius, J., 2008. Putkilokasvien monimuotoisuus maatalousalueilla 2001-2006. In: Kuussaari, M., Heliölä, J., Tiainen, J., Helenius, J. (Eds.), Maatalouden ympäristötuen merkitys luonnon monimuotoisuudelle ja maisemalle. MYTVAS-loppuraportti 2000-2006 (Significance of the Finnish agri-environment support scheme for biodiversity and landscape: Final report 2000-2006, in Finnish). Suomen ympäristö 4/2008: 23-49.

Pakkanen, H. & Helenius, J. 2004. Kasvien monimuotoisuuden seuranta - toimenpiteiden vaikutukset pientareilla ja suojakaistoilla. In: Kuussaari, M., Tiainen, J., Helenius, J., Hietala-Koivu, R. & Heliölä, J. (Eds.). Maatalouden ympäristötuen merkitys luonnon monimuotoisuudelle ja maisemalle. MYTVAS-seurantatutkimus 2000–2003 (Significance of the Finnish agri-environment support scheme for biodiversity and landscape: Results of the MYTVAS project 2000-2003, in Finnish). Suomen ympäristö 709: 30-43.

Kuussaari, M., Heliölä, J. & Luoto, M. 2004. Farmland biodiversity indicators and monitoring in Finland. In: Groom, G. (Ed.). Developments in Strategic Landscape Monitoring for the Nordic Countries. Nordic Council of Ministers. ANP 705: 28-40.

The Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species (GRIIS) presents validated and verified national checklists of introduced (alien) and invasive alien species at the country, territory, and associated island level.

Checklists are living entities, especially for biological invasions given the growing nature of the problem. GRIIS checklists are based on a published methodology and supported by the Integrated Publishing Tool that jointly enable ongoing improvements and updates to expand their taxonomic coverage and completeness.

Phase 1 of the project focused on developing validated and verified checklists of countries that are Party to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Phase 2 aimed to achieve global coverage including non-party countries and all overseas territories of countries, e.g. those of the Netherlands, France, and the United Kingdom.

All kingdoms of organisms occurring in all environments and systems are covered.

Checklists are reviewed and verified by networks of country or species experts. Verified checklists/ species records, as well as those under review, are presented on the online GRIIS website (www.griis.org) in addition to being published through the GBIF Integrated Publishing Tool.

What’s Included

Welcome to the Finnish Extraction Type Prompt-Response Dataset, a meticulously curated collection of 1500 prompt and response pairs. This dataset is a valuable resource for enhancing the data extraction abilities of Language Models (LMs), a critical aspect in advancing generative AI.

These prompt and completion pairs cover a broad range of topics, including science, history, technology, geography, literature, current affairs, and more. Each prompt is accompanied by a response, providing valuable information and insights to enhance the language model training process. Both the prompt and response were manually curated by native Finnish people, and references were taken from diverse sources like books, news articles, websites, and other reliable references.

This dataset encompasses various prompt types, including instruction type, continuation type, and in-context learning (zero-shot, few-shot) type. Additionally, you'll find prompts and responses containing rich text elements, such as tables, code, JSON, etc., all in proper markdown format.

The Finnish version is grammatically accurate without any spelling or grammatical errors. No copyrighted, toxic, or harmful content is used during the construction of this dataset.

What’s Included

Welcome to the Finnish Brainstorming Prompt-Response Dataset, a meticulously curated collection of 2000 prompt and response pairs. This dataset is a valuable resource for enhancing the creative and generative abilities of Language Models (LMs), a critical aspect in advancing generative AI.

These prompt and completion pairs cover a broad range of topics, including science, history, technology, geography, literature, current affairs, and more. Each prompt is accompanied by a response, providing valuable information and insights to enhance the language model training process. Both the prompt and response were manually curated by native Finnish people, and references were taken from diverse sources like books, news articles, websites, and other reliable references.

This dataset encompasses various prompt types, including instruction type, continuation type, and in-context learning (zero-shot, few-shot) type. Additionally, you'll find prompts and responses containing rich text elements, such as tables, code, JSON, etc., all in proper markdown format.

The Finnish version is grammatically accurate without any spelling or grammatical errors. No copyrighted, toxic, or harmful content is used during the construction of this dataset.

The National Butterfly monitoring scheme in Finland is organized by the Finnish Lepidopterological Society. Data for NAFI, based on voluntary recording all over the country, is collected online via the Finnish Biodiversity Information Facility. The NAFI database and the maps for each species can be viewed and drilled into more detail at NAFI website. The scheme is open for all lepidopterists.

The data originates from national monitoring on the effects of the Finnish agri-environment support scheme (MYTVAS, see Kuussaari et al. 2004). In 2001 and 2005, in total 58 one km2 quadrates situated in four geographical regions in Finland were sampled using stratified random sampling. Distance between the quadrates was in most cases 10-20 km. In each 1 km2 quadrate, bumblebees and solitary bees were collected using so-called 'yellow traps'.

The methods are described in the following publications:

Paukkunen, J., Heliölä, J. & Kuussaari, M. 2008. Mesipistiäisten monimuotoisuus maatalousalueilla. In: Kuussaari, M., Heliölä, J., Tiainen, J., Helenius, J. (Eds.). Maatalouden ympäristötuen merkitys luonnon monimuotoisuudelle ja maisemalle. MYTVAS-loppuraportti 2000-2006 (Significance of the Finnish agri-environment support scheme for biodiversity and landscape: Final report 2000-2006, in Finnish). Suomen ympäristö 4/2008: 70-91.

Kuussaari, M., Heliölä, J. & Luoto, M. 2004. Farmland biodiversity indicators and monitoring in Finland. In: Groom, G. (Ed.). Developments in Strategic Landscape Monitoring for the Nordic Countries. Nordic Council of Ministers. ANP 705: 28-40.

Heliölä, J., Söderman, G., Kuussaari, M. & Paukkunen, J. 2004. Mesipistiäisten monimuotoisuus. In: Kuussaari, M., Tiainen, J., Helenius, J., Hietala-Koivu, R. & Heliölä, J. (Eds.). Maatalouden ympäristötuen merkitys luonnon monimuotoisuudelle ja maisemalle. MYTVAS-seurantatutkimus 2000–2003 (Significance of the Finnish agri-environment support scheme for biodiversity and landscape: Results of the MYTVAS project 2000-2003, in Finnish). Suomen ympäristö 709: 82-91.

Additional publications using the wild bee data of this project:

Kivinen, S., Luoto, M., Kuussaari, M. & Helenius, J. 2006. Multi-species richness of boreal agricultural landscapes: effects of climate, habitat, soil and geographical location. Journal of Biogeography 33: 862-875.

Paukkunen, J., Heliölä, J. & Kuussaari, M. 2007. Maatalousympäristön kimalaisten elinympäristöt ja kannankehitys Suomessa. Teoksessa:: Salonen, J., Keskitalo, M. & Segerstedt, M. (toim.): Peltoluonnon ja viljelyn monimuotoisuus. Maa- ja elintarviketalouden tutkimuskeskuksen julkaisuja 110: 289-312.

The survey studied national identity, national pride and national consciousness of the Finns, and their opinions on Finland's international influence and role, the European Union, the impact of immigration, immigrants, national minorities, and national culture. Questions charted identification with town/city, nation and Europe, most important characteristics for Finnish identity, and perceived pride in being a Finn, and pride in Finland due to democracy, scientific, economic, artistic or sports achievements, social security system, history, equality etc. Attitudes to the power of international institutions, international organisations or the EU to enforce policies in Finland, acquisition of land by foreigners, free trade, and impact of international companies to local business were investigated. Further questions surveyed whether national customs and traditions should be followed to achieve full nationality, should national minorities preserve their own culture, and should different racial and ethnic groups assimilate or retain their identity. Opinions on immigration policy, the rights of immigrants, impact of immigrants on Finnish society, consequences of patriotic feelings, and ethnic diversity in the workplace were charted. The respondents were also asked if they and their parents had Finnish citizenship. Background variables included the respondent's and spouse's gender, year of birth, education, employment, working hours, supervisory duties, occupation, economic activity and occupational status. Further background information included the respondent's membership in a trade union, religious affiliation, religious attendance, self-perceived social class, political party preference in elections, household composition, number of staff members in the workplace, and employer type.

Finland has a healthy diversity in the artificial intelligence (AI) technologies used by its businesses and organizations. Machine learning, the most simple form of AI, was the most used AI technology with over 72 percent of respondents reporting their organization as using it. The least used was reinforcement learning, a hybrid of machine learning and deep learning and quite a specialized field.

The data originates from national monitoring on the effects of the Finnish agri-environment support scheme (MYTVAS). The effects of buffer zones on biodiversity were studied in a case study of 21 buffer zones of differing age in southern Finland in summer 2009. Vascular plants and day-active Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) were studied as biodiversity indicators. Their species richness in buffer zones was compared to other linear uncultivated semi-natural habitats available in the study landscapes, i.e. forest edges and field margins, and particularly the field margin between the studied buffer zone and the neighboring waterway. In each of 21 landscapes, data was collected on ten 50 m long transect lines, of which two were located in each habitat type. Several environmental variables were evaluated on the transect lines and in surrounding landscape.

The methods are described in the following publication: Heliölä, J., Virtanen, L., Sandholm, L. & Kuussaari, M. 2010b. Suojavyöhykkeiden merkitys putkilokasvien ja suurper-hosten monimuotoisuudelle. (Significance of buffer zones for the diversity of vascular plants and diurnal Macrolepi-doptera, in Finnish). In: Aakkula, J., Manninen, T. & Nurro, M. (eds.). Follow-up study on the impacts of agri-environment measures (MYTVAS 3). Mid-term report. Maa- ja metsätalousministeriön julkaisuja 1: 94-104.

While intensive hunting activities, such as commercial fishing and trophy hunting, can have profound influences on natural populations, less intensive recreational hunting can also have more subtle effects on animal behaviour, habitat use and movement, with implications for population persistence. Lekking species such as the black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix) may be especially prone to hunting as leks are temporally and spatially predictable, making them easy targets. Furthermore, inbreeding in black grouse is mainly avoided through female-biased dispersal, so any disruptions to dispersal caused by hunting could lead to changes in gene flow, leading to an increasing risk of inbreeding. We therefore investigated the impact of hunting on genetic diversity, inbreeding and dispersal on a metapopulation of black grouse in Central Finland. We genotyped 1,065 adult males and 813 adult females from twelve lekking sites (six hunted, six unhunted) and 200 unrelated chicks from seven sites (two hunted, five unhunted) at up to thirteen microsatellite loci. Our initial confirmatory analysis of sex-specific fine-scale population structure revealed little genetic structure in the metapopulation. Levels of inbreeding did not differ significantly between hunted and unhunted sites in both adults and chicks. However, immigration rates into hunted sites were significantly higher among adults compared to immigration into unhunted sites. We conclude that the influx of migrants into hunted sites may compensate for the loss of harvested individuals, thereby increasing gene flow and mitigating inbreeding. Given the absence of any obvious potential barriers to gene flow in Central Finland, a spatially heterogeneous matrix of hunted and unhunted regions may be crucial to ensure sustainable harvests into the future.

Phylogenetic classification of vascular plants in boreal herb-rich forests.

This repository contains files of spatial environmental data layers which were used as predictors of nesting habitat suitability for six biodiversity indicator bird species in Finland: (i) three hawk species, the European honey buzzard (Pernis apivorus), the northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) and the common buzzard (Buteo buteo), and (ii) three woodpecker species, the white-backed woodpecker (Dendrocopos leucotos), the lesser spotted woodpecker (Dryobates minor) and the Eurasian three-toed woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus). These six bird species have been shown to provide useful indicators of different conservation and biodiversity values of boreal forests, such as occurrences of red listed polypores, and indicative of forest characteristics related to old-growth forests such as representative occurrences of dead wood. The modelling spesifically targetted the nest sites of the bird species where the role of critical suitable environmental conditions is elevated. The data of nesting sites of the bird species are not open access data due to its sensitivity, but can be requested for research purposes by sending a query to the head of the Zoology unit at the Finnish Museum of Natural History. However, the Maxent results of the nesting habitat suitability for bird species across the whole of Finland are available in Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4779108). Please also note that the environmental data is split - due to its large size - into two repository locations, this one containing the 1 km buffer variables and the two climate variables, and the other one containing the local site variables and 500 m buffer variables. Taken together, 40 different environmental data layers were developed and their information sampled for a 96 x 96 m resolution lattice system covering the whole Finland. These 40 data layers were organised for the modeling into the following groups of predictor variables: (1) Data on forest structure and other forest stand characteristics (96 x 96 m cell) (8 variables), (2) Data on land cover at the forest stand (96 x 96 m cell) (8 variables), (3) Data on forest characteristics in the 500 m landscape buffer area (3 variables), (4) Data on forest characteristics in the 1 km landscape buffer area (3 variables), (5) Data on land cover in the 500 m landscape buffer area, (6) Data on land cover in the 500 m landscape buffer area, and (7) Climate data (2 variables). These data were used to examine what are the key determinants of the nesting site suitability of the six indicator bird species and to developed predictive maps across the whole Finland for the locations of most optimal nesting forest areas. The nesting habitat suitability modelling was done using the MaxEnt model. The forest structure and habitat quality predictor variables were developed based on national forest data gathered from three sources: (i) Finnish Forest Center (FFC), (ii) Metsähallitus Parks & Wildlife (MPW), and (iii) the multi-source national forest inventory carried out by the Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE). The land cover variables were measured using the CORINE Land Cover 2018 system, from the database produced, maintained and distributed by Syke. The two climate variables were initially for the SUMI project by the Finnish Meteorological Institute and further applied in this modelling study. The environmental variables, the six indicator bird species and the processses, steps and choices included in the MaxEnt modelling are described in full detail in the following publication: Virkkala, Raimo, Leikola, Niko, Kujala, Heini, Kivinen, Sonja, Hurskainen, Pekka, Kuusela, Saija, Valkama, Jari and Heikkinen, Risto K.: Developing fine-grained nationwide predictions of valuable forests using biodiversity indicator bird species, Ecological Applications, in press. The details of the environmental data are also described in the read_me.doc file uploaded into this repository.

In Finland, the estimated sales amount across various store categories provides key insights into the market's dynamics. Apparel, as a prominent category, generates significant sales, totaling $426.01M, which is 0.28% of the region's total sales in this sector. Home & Garden follows with robust sales figures, achieving $371.96M in sales and comprising 0.24% of the region's total. Sports contributes a considerable amount to the regional market, with sales of $214.75M, accounting for 0.14% of the total sales in Finland. This breakdown highlights the varying economic impacts of different categories within the region, showcasing the diversity and strengths of each sector.