Discover the booming Flight Data API market! This comprehensive analysis reveals a $500M market in 2025, projected to reach $1.55B by 2033 with a 15% CAGR. Explore key drivers, trends, restraints, and leading companies shaping this dynamic sector. Learn about regional market shares and growth opportunities.

The Schedules API service provides real-time data for the flight schedules and timetables of airports and airlines around the world and maintains this for you in our central database, always accessible with your personal API key. This is one of Aviation Edge’s core features. You can build real-time airport departure and arrival tables, keep track of delays and cancellations, track the status of flights by using our API. The data comes in JSON format, making it useful to implement to websites and build applications, tools, software, and more.

The data includes the following: - Flight Status: active, scheduled, landed, cancelled, incident, diverted, redirected. - Airport details: IATA code, ICAO code, Terminal, Gate for both departure and arrival airport - Take-off information: Scheduled, estimated and actual times on runway and that of departure/arrival. - Total delay (updated for departures) - Airline: Name, IATA code and ICAO code. - Flight: Number of Flight, IATA prefix with flight number and ICAO prefix with flight number.

Example response from the API:

[ {"airline": {"iataCode":"DL", "icaoCode":"DAL", "name":"Delta Air Lines"}, "arrival": {"actualRunway":"2021-03-03T04:15:00.000", "actualTime":"2021-03-03T04:15:00.000", "baggage":"T4", "delay":null, "estimatedRunway":"2021-03-03T04:15:00.000", "estimatedTime":"2021-03-03T04:15:00.000", "gate":"B41", "iataCode":"JFK", "icaoCode":"KJFK", "scheduledTime":"2021-03-03T05:05:00.000", "terminal":"4"}, "codeshared":null, "departure": {"actualRunway":"2021-03-03T00:10:00.000", "actualTime":"2021-03-03T00:10:00.000", "baggage":5, "delay":"16", "estimatedRunway":"2021-03-03T00:10:00.000", "estimatedTime":”2021-03-03T00:10:00.000”, "gate":"B06", "iataCode":"TLV", "icaoCode":"LLBG", "scheduledTime":"2021-03-02T23:55:00.000", "terminal":"3"}, "flight": {"iataNumber":"DL235", "icaoNumber":"DAL235", "number":"235"}, "status":"landed", "type":"arrival"} ]

Output:

For the departure schedule of a certain airport. GET http://aviation-edge.com/v2/public/timetable?key=[API_KEY]&iataCode=JFK&type=departure

For the arrival schedule of a certain airport. GET http://aviation-edge.com/v2/public/timetable?key=[API_KEY]&iataCode=JFK&type=arrival

Explore the dynamic Flight Data API market, revealing a projected market size of USD 2,500 million by 2025, driven by a 22% CAGR. Discover key insights into market drivers, trends, restraints, segments, and leading companies shaping the future of aviation data.

Discover the booming Flight Data API market! Learn about its $500 million valuation, 15% CAGR, key drivers, leading companies (Aviationstack, FlightAware, Cirium, etc.), and future trends shaping this dynamic sector. Get insights into regional market shares and growth projections for 2025-2033.

The historical flight schedule data is perfect to create applications, plugins for websites, running analysis and creating statistics, keeping track of past delays and cancellations for insurance or flight compensation claims, and much more.

We have developed many parameters you can use to pull the exact data you need without having to spend too much time filtering it on your end. We've asked many developers around the world to find out which pieces of data they would need the most, and created the parameters based on this feedback.

The data includes: - Airline: Name, IATA and ICAO codes of the airline. - Departure and arrival: IATA codes and ICAO codes of the departure and arrival location. - Departure and arrival times: Scheduled, estimated and actual arrival and departure times, as well as runway times in local time. - Status: The latest status information of the flight which may be active (for departure schedules), landed (for arrival schedules), cancelled or unknown - Delay: Total delay amount in minutes for delayed flights

Example response from the API: { "type": "departure", "status": "active", "departure": { "iataCode": "jfk", "icaoCode": "kjfk", "terminal": "7", "delay": 10, "scheduledTime": "2020-09-25t20:15:00.000", "estimatedTime": "2020-09-25t20:09:00.000", "actualTime": "2020-09-25t20:25:00.000", "estimatedRunway": "2020-09-25t20:25:00.000", "actualRunway": "2020-09-25t20:25:00.000"}, "arrival": { "iataCode": "lhr", "icaoCode": "egll", "terminal": "5", "scheduledTime": "2020-09-26t08:20:00.000", "estimatedTime": "2020-09-26t07:32:00.000" }, "airline": { "name": "aer lingus", "iataCode": "ei", "icaoCode": "ein" }, "flight": { "number": "8814", "iataNumber": "ei8814", "icaoNumber": "ein8814" }, "codeshared": { "airline": { "name": "british airways", "iataCode": "ba", "icaoCode": "baw" }, "flight": { "number": "114", "iataNumber": "ba114", "icaoNumber": "baw114"} } },

2) Historical Schedules API Output - Developer Information For the departure schedule of a certain airport on a certain date. GET http://aviation-edge.com/v2/public/flightsHistory?key=[API_KEY]&code=JFK&type=departure&date_from=YYYY-MM-DD

For the arrival schedule of a certain airport on a certain date. GET http://aviation-edge.com/v2/public/flightsHistory?key=[API_KEY]&code=JFK&type=arrival&date_from=YYYY-MM-DD

For the schedule of a certain airport of a certain date range (also available for arrival). GET http://aviation-edge.com/v2/public/flightsHistory?key=[API_KEY]&code=JFK&type=departure&date_from=YYYY-MM-DD&date_to=YYYY-MM-DD

For the schedule of a certain airport on a certain date (or range) but only flights with a certain status. GET http://aviation-edge.com/v2/public/flightsHistory?key=[API_KEY]&code=JFK&type=arrival&date_from=YYYY-MM-DD&date_to=YYYY-MM-DD&status=cancelled

For tracking individual historical flights. GET http://aviation-edge.com/v2/public/flightsHistory?key=[API_KEY]&code=JFK&type=departure&date_from=YYYY-MM-DD&date_to=YYYY-MM-DD&flight_number=[1234]

For filtering the flights of a certain airline from the arrival schedule of a certain airport on a certain date (also available for departure schedules and as a date range). GET http://aviation-edge.com/v2/public/flightsHistory?key=[API_KEY]&code=JFK&type=arrival&date_from=YYYY-MM-DD&&airline_iata=TK

Important Tips: - Currently possible to get dates that are up to 1 year earlier than the current date (this will expand soon). - The date range can go up to 28 days for a single API call but may be shorter around 3-5 days for airports with heavy traffic.

The "flights.csv" dataset contains information about the flights of an airport. This dataset includes information such as departure and arrival time, delays, flight company, flight number, flight origin and destination, flight duration, distance, hour and minute of flight, and exact date and time of flight. This data can be used in management analysis and strategies and provide useful information about the performance of flights and placement companies. The analysis of the data in this dataset can be used as a basis for the following activities: - Analysis of time patterns and trends: by examining the departure and arrival time of the aircraft, changes and time changes, patterns and trends in flight behavior can be identified. - Analysis of American companies: By viewing information about airlines such as the number of flights, the impact and overall performance, you can compare and analyze the performance of each company. - Analysis of delays and service quality: By examining delays and arrival time, I can collect and analyze information about the quality of services provided by the airport and companies. - Analysis of flight routes: by checking the origin and destination of flights, distances and flight duration, popular routes and people's choices can be identified and analyzed. - Analysis of airport performance: by observing the characteristics of flights and airport performance, it is possible to identify and analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the airport and suggest improvements.

It provides various tools for data analysis and visualization and can be used as a basis for managerial decisions in the field of aviation industry.

Airline Company Codes (in order of frequency for this dataset)

WN -- Southwest Airlines Co.

DL -- Delta Air Lines Inc.

AA -- American Airlines Inc.

UA -- United Air Lines Inc.

B6 -- JetBlue Airways

AS -- Alaska Airlines Inc.

NK -- Spirit Air Lines

G4 -- Allegiant Air

F9 -- Frontier Airlines Inc.

HA -- Hawaiian Airlines Inc.

SY -- Sun Country Airlines d/b/a MN Airlines

VX -- Virgin America

You can connect to the actual flight routes around the world with your API key at any time with very fast response times. It is possible to view all routes at the same time via a single API key. For your convenience, we have also developed many different filters so that you can pull the exact data you are looking for. This way, you may get data of the routes of a specific airline, routes from or to a specific airport (both IATA and ICAO codes work), or may get an individual flight based on its flight number.

A common use of the air routes API is to develop software in the aviation industry. While Aviation Edge’s focus is to collect and maintaining aviation data, you are free to develop countless applications, tools, and platforms by using our data.

The details included in the routes data are: Departure data: IATA code, ICAO code, terminal, and time. Arrival data: IATA code, ICAO code, terminal, and time. Airline: IATA code of airline. Flight: Flight number. Aircraft: Registration number of the aircraft.

Here's an example response from the API: [ { "departureIata": "OTP", "departureIcao": "LROP", "departureTerminal": 2, "departureTime": "09:15:00", "arrivalIata": "TRN", "arrivalIcao": "LIMF", "arrivalTerminal": 1, "arrivalTime": "10:45:00", "airlineIata": "0B", "airlineIcao": "BMS", "flightNumber": "101", "codeshares": null, "regNumber": "YR-BAP" } ]

Developer information: 1) Available Endpoints &departureIata= &departureIcao= &airlineIata= &airlineIcao= &flightNumber=

2) Output Airports, Airlines or Flights routes output: GET http://aviation-edge.com/v2/public/routes?key=[API_KEY]&departureIata=OTP GET http://aviation-edge.com/v2/public/routes?key=[API_KEY]&departureIcao=LROP GET http://aviation-edge.com/v2/public/routes?key=[API_KEY]&airlineIata=0B GET http://aviation-edge.com/v2/public/routes?key=[API_KEY]&airlineIcao=BMS GET http://aviation-edge.com/v2/public/routes?key=[API_KEY]&flightNumber=101 For information about a specific route (example). GET http://aviation-edge.com/v2/public/routes?key=[API_KEY]&departureIata=OTP&airlineIata=0B&flightNumber=101

You can get all global flight information in 1 API call or track flights based on flight number, airline, departure/arrival airport, and more. The data updates frequently, around every 5 minutes. The details of the data include:

Geography: Location information such as latitude, longitude, altitude, and direction. Speed: Vertical and horizontal speed of aircraft. Departure and arrival: IATA codes and ICAO codes of the departure and arrival airport. Aircraft and flight: IATA and ICAO number of flight and registration number, ICAO code, and ICAO24 code of aircraft. Airline: IATA code, and ICAO code of airline. System information: Squawk, status, and last updated in Epoch.

Here's an example response from the API: [ { "geography": { "latitude": 43.5033, "longitude": -79.1297, "altitude": 7833.36, "direction": 70 }, "speed": { "horizontal": 833.4, "isGround": 0, "vertical": 0 }, "departure": { "iataCode": "YHM", "icaoCode": "CYHM" }, "arrival": { "iataCode": "YQM", "icaoCode": "CYQM" }, "aircraft": { "icaoCode": "B763", "regNumber": "CGYAJ", "icao24": "C08412" }, "airline": { "iataCode": "W8", "icaoCode": "CJT" }, "flight": { "iataNumber": "W8620", "icaoNumber": "CJT620", "number": "620" }, "system": { "updated": 1513148168, "squawk": "0000" }, "status": "en-route" } ]

Developer Information:

1) Available Endpoints &depIata= &depIcao= &arrIata= &arrIcao= &aircraftIcao= &regNum= &aircraftIcao24= &airlineIata= &airlineIcao= &flightIata= &flightIcao= &flightNum= &status= &limit= &lat=&lng=&distance=

2) Flights Tracker API Output

Specific flight based on: Flight IATA Number: GET http://aviation-edge.com/v2/public/flights?key=[API_KEY]&flightIata=W8519

All flights of a specific Airlines: GET http://aviation-edge.com/v2/public/flights?key=[API_KEY]&airlineIata=W8

Flights from departure location: GET http://aviation-edge.com/v2/public/flights?key=[API_KEY]&depIata=MAD

Flights from arrival location: GET http://aviation-edge.com/v2/public/flights?key=[API_KEY]&arrIata=GIG

Flights within a circle area based on lat and lng values and radius as the distance: GET https://aviation-edge.com/v2/public/flights?key=[API_KEY]&lat=51.5074&lng=0.1278&distance=100&arrIata=LHR

Combinations: two airports and a specific airline flying between them: GET http://aviation-edge.com/v2/public/flights?key=[API_KEY]&depIata=ATL&arrIata=ORD&airlineIata=UA

Use this API to search for flights depending on departure or arrival time.

Flight Information Owner of the Intellectual Property Rights for this Dataset: Airport Authority Hong Kong

Airline Flight Delay and Cancellation Data, August 2019 - August 2023

US Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics https://www.transtats.bts.gov

Purpose

The purpose of collecting this dataset was to facilitate programmatic retrieval via an API into an AWS EC2 instance for structured data analysis using Spark SQL. The dataset includes several versions, ranging from the complete set of 29 million rows to a reduced set of 3 million rows. This iterative refinement process was aimed at optimizing the use of AWS's distributed computing capabilities to achieve efficient querying and effective data manipulation. Best performance was achieved using the i3, m5, and c5 instances with upgraded storage.

Context

Source data related to flight delays and cancellations for January 2019 – August 2023 retireved from DOT On-Time : Reporting Carrier On-Time Performance (1987-present)

Variables include flight routes (origin, destination), time ranges for events (minutes, local time), delay and cancellation reasons/attributions (limited).

Acknowledgements

The U.S. Department of Transportation's (DOT) Bureau of Transportation Statistics tracks the on-time performance of domestic flights operated by large air carriers. Summary information on the number of on-time, delayed, canceled, and diverted flights is published in DOT's monthly Air Travel Consumer Report.

Retrieved in November 2023 using the application at On-Time : Reporting Carrier On-Time Performance (1987-present).

The source data was downloaded in subsets by month and joined by year. Most current available data for 2023 is from August. Data consolidation, transformation, wrangling, variable selection, and label updates were done in csvkit, Python and Excel.

Attribution

Original data sourced from the U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics https://www.transtats.bts.gov

This transformed dataset adopts variable names from Airline Delay and Cancellation Data, 2009 - 2018.

Aviation API Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global aviation API market size reached USD 4.3 billion in 2024, with a robust growth trajectory driven by digitalization across the aviation industry. The market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 10.7% from 2025 to 2033, reaching a forecasted value of USD 10.6 billion by 2033. This expansion is primarily fueled by increasing demand for real-time data integration, automation in flight operations, and enhanced customer experience initiatives among airlines and airports. As per our latest research, the adoption of aviation APIs continues to accelerate as stakeholders seek seamless connectivity and improved operational efficiency across aviation ecosystems.

The growth of the aviation API market is significantly influenced by the ongoing digital transformation in the aviation sector. Airlines, airports, and travel agencies are increasingly leveraging APIs to automate routine processes, improve operational efficiency, and enhance the passenger journey. The integration of APIs enables real-time communication between disparate systems, allowing for dynamic pricing, instant booking confirmations, and up-to-date flight status notifications. This digitization trend is further propelled by the rising expectations of travelers for seamless, personalized, and mobile-first experiences. As a result, aviation APIs have become a cornerstone for enabling omnichannel engagement, supporting mobile apps, web platforms, and even emerging technologies such as chatbots and voice assistants.

Another major growth driver for the aviation API market is the increasing emphasis on data-driven decision-making and analytics within the aviation industry. Airlines and airports are harnessing APIs to aggregate and analyze large volumes of data from various sources, including flight schedules, weather conditions, passenger information, and operational metrics. This data integration empowers stakeholders to optimize route planning, resource allocation, and maintenance schedules, ultimately reducing costs and enhancing safety. Moreover, the proliferation of cloud-based solutions and the adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in aviation have further amplified the need for robust and scalable API frameworks, capable of supporting high volumes of transactions and real-time data exchange.

The surge in global air travel, coupled with the expansion of low-cost carriers and the emergence of new travel markets, has also contributed to the upward trajectory of the aviation API market. As airlines strive to differentiate themselves in a competitive landscape, APIs are being used to facilitate innovative services such as dynamic seat selection, personalized offers, and ancillary revenue streams. Additionally, regulatory mandates for data transparency and passenger rights have necessitated the implementation of standardized APIs for information sharing between airlines, airports, and government agencies. This regulatory impetus, combined with technological advancements, is expected to sustain the momentum of API adoption in the aviation industry over the forecast period.

From a regional perspective, North America continues to lead the aviation API market, accounting for the largest share in 2024, followed closely by Europe and Asia Pacific. The presence of major airlines, advanced IT infrastructure, and a strong focus on innovation have positioned North America as a frontrunner in API adoption. Europe benefits from a well-established aviation ecosystem and progressive regulatory frameworks, while Asia Pacific is witnessing rapid growth due to increasing air traffic, infrastructure development, and rising digital adoption among airlines and airports. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also experiencing steady growth, driven by expanding aviation networks and investments in digital transformation initiatives.

Component Analysis

The aviation API market is segmented by component into software and services, each playing a pivotal

A passenger flight schedule information service that displays information such as airline name, airport name, airport code, start date, end date, flight number, day of the week information, season code value, code type, master flight number, etc. of passenger flights departing/arriving at Incheon Airport in multiple languages (Korean, English, Japanese, Chinese) using the airport code value as a search condition. ※ It may differ from the information on MASTER FLIGHT/SLAVE flight numbers provided by the open daily flight API. Please be informed that the data is for one season (summer: late March to late October/winter: late October to late March of the following year) and the update cycle is different from the daily flight API below. * Passenger flight operation status detailed inquiry service API, passenger flight weekly operation status API, passenger flight operation status (multilingual) API

The provided dataset has been sourced directly from the SpaceX API, ensuring authenticity and accuracy. However, it is important to note that some data cleaning may be necessary prior to conducting any meaningful data analysis. Within this dataset, you will find comprehensive information about the launch sites utilized by SpaceX for their rocket launches, as well as valuable insights into the outcomes of these launches and landings. This dataset serves as a valuable resource for conducting in-depth analyses and gaining a deeper understanding of SpaceX's operational performance in terms of launch success and landing achievements.

Link: https://github.com/r-spacex/SpaceX-API

Discover the booming flight search software market! Our analysis reveals a $10 billion market in 2025, projected to grow at a 15% CAGR through 2033. Learn about key drivers, trends, and top players like Expedia, Google Flights, and Kayak. Get insights into regional market share and future growth potential.

International Round-Trip Flight Prices Dataset (SQLite)

This project collects international round-trip flight pricing data over a defined date range and duration from Atlanta (ATL) to 9 international destinations. It saves this structured flight information to a SQLite database and enables flexible downstream querying and visualization. Each entry represents a real flight quote retrieved from a travel search API under fixed conditions. The data is structured, time-stamped, and ready… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/egupta/atl-intl-flight-data-sql-db.

The airports the API returns include airports that have the submitted letters anywhere in them. For example, when the letters "ist" are requested, the API returns both "Istanbul Airport" and "Bristol Airport" (among other items).

The API is particularly useful for travel agency and flight booking websites, tools or apps to display the relevant airport and cities as a list for the user to choose from.

The city and airport data the Autocomplete API returns include: - IATA code and name, - Country code and name, - Airport location (latitude and longitude) - Time zone

1) Example Fields of Use - Travel agency and flight booking/schedule tracking websites, tools, apps where users are expected to submit a departure or arrival city or airport - Any autocomplete feature related to cities or airports

2) Example Input Airports and cities with the letters containing "xyz" in them:

GET http://aviation-edge.com/v2/public/autocomplete?key=[API_KEY]&city=xyz

3) Example Output [ { "code": "AMS", "name": "Amsterdam", "cityCode": "AMS", "cityName": "Amsterdam", "countryCode": "NL", "countryName": "Netherlands", "lat": 52.3730556, "lng": 4.8922222, "timezone": "Europe/Amsterdam", "type": "city" } ], "airports": [ { "code": "ZYA", "name": "Amsterdam Centraal Railway Station", "cityCode": "AMS", "cityName": "Amsterdam", "countryCode": "NL", "countryName": "Netherlands", "lat": 52.3730556, "lng": 4.8922222, "timezone": "Europe/Amsterdam", "type": "rail_station", "isRailRoad": 1, "isBusStation": 0 }, { "code": "AMS", "name": "Schiphol", "cityCode": "AMS", "cityName": "Amsterdam", "countryCode": "NL", "countryName": "Netherlands", "lat": 52.30907, "lng": 4.763385, "timezone": "Europe/Amsterdam", "type": "airport", "isRailRoad": 0, "isBusStation": 0 } ], "airportsByCities": }, ... ]

The flight search software market is booming, projected to reach $3.68 billion by 2033 with a 12% CAGR. Discover key trends, regional breakdowns, and leading companies shaping this dynamic sector. Learn about cloud-based solutions, AI-powered features, and the competitive landscape.

Airport API Marketplace Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global Airport API Marketplace market size reached USD 1.26 billion in 2024, with a robust growth rate reflected in a CAGR of 15.7% from 2025 to 2033. By the end of 2033, the market is forecasted to attain a value of USD 4.24 billion. This impressive expansion is primarily driven by the increasing digital transformation initiatives across airports and the aviation ecosystem, which are fueling the demand for seamless data exchange, real-time integration, and enhanced passenger experiences.

The primary growth factor for the Airport API Marketplace is the surging adoption of digital technologies by airports and airlines to improve operational efficiency and passenger satisfaction. As the aviation industry faces mounting pressure to optimize resources, reduce costs, and deliver personalized services, APIs have become indispensable for integrating disparate systems, enabling real-time data sharing, and facilitating the development of innovative applications. The proliferation of mobile devices and the expectation for real-time information by passengers have further accelerated the deployment of APIs, allowing airports to provide dynamic flight updates, baggage tracking, and seamless booking experiences. Moreover, the rise of smart airports and the implementation of IoT solutions are increasing the demand for robust API marketplaces that can support complex, interconnected environments.

Another significant driver is the growing collaboration between airports, airlines, travel agencies, and technology providers, all of whom rely on APIs to enable interoperability and streamline business processes. The expansion of the Airport API Marketplace is also fueled by the emergence of new business models in the travel sector, such as personalized travel planning and ancillary revenue generation. These models depend heavily on data-driven insights and the ability to connect various services through APIs. Regulatory requirements for improved transparency and security in data handling are further pushing stakeholders to adopt standardized API solutions. As a result, the market is witnessing a surge in both the number and diversity of APIs, covering functionalities from flight information to payment processing and security.

Technological advancements in cloud computing and artificial intelligence are playing a pivotal role in shaping the future of the Airport API Marketplace. Cloud-based API solutions are gaining traction due to their scalability, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness, making them attractive options for both large enterprises and small and medium-sized airports. AI-powered APIs are enabling predictive analytics, automated customer service, and enhanced security protocols. The integration of advanced analytics and machine learning capabilities into API offerings is allowing airports to derive actionable insights from vast datasets, optimize their operations, and deliver superior passenger experiences. These technological trends are expected to continue driving market growth over the forecast period.

Regionally, the Airport API Marketplace is witnessing diverse growth patterns, with North America and Europe leading the adoption curve due to their mature aviation infrastructures and early embrace of digital transformation. However, the Asia Pacific region is emerging as the fastest-growing market, propelled by massive investments in airport modernization, rapid passenger growth, and a burgeoning middle class with rising travel expectations. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also showing promising potential, driven by expanding air travel networks and increasing focus on digital innovation. This regional dynamism is creating a highly competitive landscape, with global and local players vying for market share through product innovation and strategic partnerships.

API Type Analysis

The API Type segment in the Airport API Marketplace is highly diversified, reflecting the broad spectrum of functionalities required by modern airpor

Global Flight Ticket Booking Software Market is segmented by Type (Cloud-based Flight Ticket Booking Software, On-premise Flight Ticket Booking Software, Hybrid Flight Ticket Booking Software, Mobile Applications for Flight Booking, API Integrations for Booking Systems), Application (Online Travel Agencies (OTAs), Airlines, Corporate Travel Management, Travel Agents, Direct Consumer Booking), Deployment Model (Public Cloud, Private Cloud, Hybrid Cloud), End User (Individual Travelers, Small & Medium Enterprises, Large Enterprises, Government & Public Sector), and Geography (North America, LATAM, West Europe, Central & Eastern Europe, Northern Europe, Southern Europe, East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, Oceania, MEA)