This web map is designed to provide an enriched geospatial platform to ascertain the flood potential status of our local place of residence and other land-use activities. Information on the flood risk distribution can be extracted by 5 major magnitudes (very high, high, moderate, low, and very low). The buildings, roads, and rail tracks that are susceptible to flooding based on the identified magnitudes are also included in the web map. In addition, the historical or flood inventory layer, which contains information on the previous flooding disasters that have occurred within the river basin, is included.

This web map is the result of extensive research using available data, open source and custom datasets that are extremely reliable.The collaborative study was done by Dr. Felix Ndidi Nkeki (GIS-Unit, BEDC Electricity PLC, 5, Akpakpava Road, Benin City, Nigeria and Department of Geography and Regional Planning, University of Benin, Nigeria), Dr. Ehiaguina Innocent Bello (National Space Research and Development Agency, Obasanjo Space Centre, FCT-Abuja, Nigeria) and Dr. Ishola Ganiy Agbaje (Centre for Space Science Technology Education, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria). The study results are published in a reputable leading world-class journal known as the International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. The methodology, datasets, and full results of the study can be found in the paper.

The major sources of data are: ALOS PALSAR DEM; soil data from Harmonised World Soil Database-Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO); land-use and surface geologic datasets from CSSTE, OAU Campus, Ile-Ife, Nigeria and Ibadan Urban Flood Management Project (IUFMP), Oyo State, Nigeria; transport network data was extracted from Open Street Map; building footprint data was mined from Google open building; and finally, rainfall grid data was downloaded from the Centre for Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing (CHRS).

[Metadata] Tropical storms, hurricanes, and tsunamis create waves that flood low-lying coastal areas. The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) produces flood insurance rate maps (FIRMs) that depict flood risk zones referred to as Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHA) based modeling 1%-annual-chance flood event also referred to as a 100-year flood. The purpose of the FIRM is twofold: (1) to provide the basis for application of regulatory standards and (2) to provide the basis for insurance rating.SFHAs identify areas at risk from infrequent but severe storm-induced wave events and riverine flood events that are based upon historical record. By law (44 Code of Federal Regulations [CFR] 60.3), FEMA can only map flood risk that will be utilized for land use regulation or insurance rating based on historical data, therefore, future conditions with sea level rise and other impacts of climate change are not considered in FIRMs. It is important to note that FEMA can produce Flood Insurance Rate Maps that include future condition floodplains, but these would be considered “awareness” zones and not to be used for regulatory of insurance rating purposes.The State of Hawai‘i 2018 Hazard Mitigation Plan incorporated the results of modeling and an assessment of vulnerability to coastal flooding from storm-induced wave events with sea level rise (Tetra Tech Inc., 2018). The 1% annual-chance-coastal flood zone with sea level rise (1%CFZ) was modeled to estimate coastal flood extents and wave heights for wave-generating events with sea level rise. Modeling was conducted by Sobis Inc. under State of Hawaiʻi Department of Land and Natural Resources Contract No: 64064. The 1%CFZ with 3.2 feet of sea level rise was utilized to assess vulnerability to coastal event-based flooding in mid to - late century.The 1%CFZ with sea level rise would greatly expand the impacts from a 100-year flood event meaning that more coastal land area will be exposed to damaging waves. For example, over 120 critical infrastructure facilities in the City and County of Honolulu, including water, waste, and wastewater systems and communication and energy facilities would be impacted in the 1%CFZ with 3.2 feet of sea level rise (Tetra Tech Inc., 2018). This is double the number of facilities in the SFHA which includes the impacts of riverine flooding.A simplified version of the Wave Height Analysis for Flood Insurance Studies (WHAFIS) extension (FEMA, 2019b) included in Hazus-MH, was used to create the 1% annual chance coastal floodplain. Hazus is a nationally applicable standardized methodology that contains models for estimating potential losses from earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, and hurricanes (FEMA, 2019a). The current 1%-annual-chance stillwater elevations were collected using the most current flood insurance studies (FIS) for each island conducted by FEMA (FEMA, 2004, 2010, 2014, 2015). The FIS calculates the 1%-annual-chance stillwater elevation, wave setup, and wave run-up (called maximum wave crest) at regularly-spaced transects around the islands based on historical data. Modeling for the 1%CFZ used the NOAA 3-meter digital elevation model (DEM) which incorporates LiDAR data sets collected between 2003 and 2007 from NOAA, FEMA, the State of Hawaiʻi Emergency Management Agency, and the USACE (NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, 2017).Before Hazus was run for future conditions, it was run for the current conditions and compared to the FEMA regulatory floodplain to determine model accuracy. This also helped determine the stillwater elevation for the large gaps between some transects in the FIS. Hazus was run at 0.5-foot stillwater level intervals and the results were compared to the existing Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM). The interval of 0.5-feet was chosen as a small enough step to result in a near approximation of the FIRM while not being too impractically narrow to require the testing of dozens of input elevations. The elevation which matched up best was used as the current base flood elevation.Key steps in modeling the projected 1%CFZ with sea level rise include: (1) generating a contiguous (no gaps along the shoreline) and present-day 1%-annual-chance stillwater elevation based on the most recent FIS, (2) elevating the present-day 1%-annual-chance stillwater elevation by adding projected sea level rise heights, and (3) modeling the projected 1%-annual-chance coastal flood with sea level rise in HAZUS using the 1%-annual-chance wave setup and run-up from the FIS. The 1%CFZ extent and depth was generated using the HAZUS 3.2 coastal flood risk assessment model, 3-meter DEM, the FIS for each island, and the IPCC AR5 upper sea level projection for RCP 8.5 scenario for 0.6 feet, 1.0 feet, 2.0 feet, and 3.2 feet of sea level rise above MHHW (IPCC, 2014). The HAZUS output includes the estimated spatial extent of coastal flooding as well as an estimated flood depth map grid for the four sea level rise projections.Using the current floodplain generated with Hazus, the projected 1%-annual-chance stillwater elevation was generated using the four sea level rise projections. This stillwater elevation with sea level rise was used as a basis for modeling. The projected 1%-annual coastal flood with sea level rise was modeled in Hazus using the current 1%-annual-chance wave setup and run-up from the FIS and the projected 1%-annual-chance stillwater elevation with sea level rise. Statewide GIS Program staff extracted individual island layers for ease of downloading. A statewide layer is also available as a REST service, and is available for download from the Statewide GIS geoportal at https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/, or at the Program's legacy download site at https://planning.hawaii.gov/gis/download-gis-data-expanded/#009. For additional information, please refer to summary metadata at https://files.hawaii.gov/dbedt/op/gis/data/coastal_flood_zones_summary.pdf or contact Hawaii Statewide GIS Program, Office of Planning and Sustainable Development, State of Hawaii; PO Box 2359, Honolulu, Hi. 96804; (808) 587-2846; email: gis@hawaii.gov.

The National Flood Hazard Layer (NFHL) data incorporates all Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map(DFIRM) databases published by FEMA, and any Letters Of Map Revision (LOMRs) that have been issued against those databases since their publication date. The DFIRM Database is the digital, geospatial version of the flood hazard information shown on the published paper Flood Insurance Rate Maps(FIRMs). The primary risk classifications used are the 1-percent-annual-chance flood event, the 0.2-percent-annual-chance flood event, and areas of minimal flood risk. The NFHL data are derived from Flood Insurance Studies (FISs), previously published Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs), flood hazard analyses performed in support of the FISs and FIRMs, and new mapping data where available. The FISs and FIRMs are published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The specifications for the horizontal control of DFIRM data are consistent with those required for mapping at a scale of 1:12,000. The NFHL data contain layers in the Standard DFIRM datasets except for S_Label_Pt and S_Label_Ld. The NFHL is available as State or US Territory data sets. Each State or Territory data set consists of all DFIRMs and corresponding LOMRs available on the publication date of the data set.

This hosted feature layer has been published in RI State Plane Feet NAD 83.Statewide flood hazard areas compiled from county-based Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map (DFIRM) databases for Rhode Island. The Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map (DFIRM) Database depicts flood risk information and supporting data used to develop the risk data. The primary risk classifications used are the 1-percent-annual-chance flood event, the 0.2-percent-annual-chance flood event, and areas of minimal flood risk. TheDFIRM Database is derived from Flood Insurance Studies (FISs), previously published Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs), flood hazard analyses performed in support of the FISs and FIRMs, and new mapping data, where available. The FISs and FIRMs are published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and in this case redistributed by the Rhode Island Geographic Information System (RIGIS) at the request of the Rhode Island Emergency Management Agency.This dataset provides the user with information on the flood risk hazard zones throughout the state of Rhode Island. Note: the above summary is a slightly modified version adapted from source metadata records provided by FEMA. To provide the user with information on the statewide flood risk based on information provided by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) in the DFIRM databases created specifically for the five counties of Rhode Island (Bristol, Kent, Newport, Providence, and Washington). This dataset provides information on the likelihood that a flood may occur at a given location in the state. The files and information used to create this dataset were originally provided to the Rhode Island Emergency Management Agency (RIEMA) by FEMA.This information was in the form of DFIRM databases for each of the five RI counties. This information was then redistributed by RIGIS at the request of RIEMA. The information provided by this data is only a subset of the information available in the original DFIRM databases located on the RIGIS website. For a specific county's complete DFIRM database, please visit the RIGIS website and download the appropriate DFIRM database. This metadata record is specific to this dataset and only contains information relevant to this dataset as provided by FEMA the original DFIRM metadata records. These can be found and referenced in the /DOCUMENT folder that is downloaded as part of a DFIRM package for a specific Rhode Island county. Another valuable source of documentation is FEMA's "Guidelines and Specifications for Flood Hazard Mapping Partners". It is currently available online at https://www.fema.gov/guidelines-and-standards-flood-risk-analysis-and-mapping. The Guide offers a tremendous amount of information regarding how DFIRM data are created, and detailed information about the individual files that constitute a DFIRM database.

The Geostandard Flood Directive describes the basis of geographic data produced on 120 High Flood Risk (TRI) territories and mapped for reporting purposes for the European Flood Directive. European Directive 2007/60/EC of 23 October 2007 on the assessment and management of flood risks (OJ L 288, 06-11-2007, p. 27) influences the flood prevention strategy in Europe by requiring the production of flood risk management plans for each river basin district. Article 1 of the Flood Directive specifies its objective of establishing a framework for the assessment and management of flood risks, which aims to reduce the negative consequences of flooding on human health, the environment, cultural heritage and economic activity. The objectives and implementation requirements are set out in the Law of 12 July 2010 on the National Commitment for the Environment (LENE) and the Decree of 2 March 2011. In this context, the primary objective of flood and flood risk mapping for TRIs is to contribute, by homogenising and objectivating knowledge of flood exposure, to the drafting of flood risk management plans (WRMs), to the definition of the objectives of the plan and to the development of local strategies by TRI. Thus, the purpose of this geostandard is to: 1. homogenise the production of data used for flood and flood risk maps, 2. facilitate the implementation of a GIS on each IRR. This Flood Directive GIS should become a living reference for knowledge of hazards and flood risks on these IRRs and will be used to establish flood risk management plans. IRR GIS will be integrated into a common national GIS.

Geographic data set produced by the GIS Flood Directive for the territory of Guyana and mapped for reporting purposes for the European Flood Directive. European Directive 2007/60/EC of 23 October 2007 on the assessment and management of flood risks (OJ L 288, 06-11-2007, p. 27) influences the flood prevention strategy in Europe. It requires the production of a flood risk management plan that aims to reduce the negative impact of floods on human health, the environment, cultural heritage and economic activity. The objectives and implementation requirements are laid down in the Law of 12 July 2010 on the National Commitment for the Environment (LENE) and the Decree of 2 March 2011. In this context, the primary objective of flood area and flood risk mapping for IRRs is to contribute, by homogenising and objectifying knowledge of the exposure of issues to floods, to the development of flood risk management plans (FRMPs). This dataset is used to produce the flood area maps and the flood risk map which respectively represent flood hazards and exposed issues at an appropriate scale. Their objective is to provide quantitative elements allowing a more detailed assessment of the vulnerability of a territory for the three levels of flood probability (strong, medium, low).

Spatial data set produced by the GIS Flood Directive territory at significant risk of flooding (TRI) of Saint-Etienne and mapped for reporting purposes for the European Flood Directive. The European Directive 2007/60/EC of 23 October 2007 on evaluation and flood risk management (OJ L 288, 06-11-2007, p. 27) influences the flood prevention strategy in Europe. It requires the production of a flood risk management plan aimed at reducing the negative consequences of flooding on human health, the environment, cultural heritage and economic activity. The objectives and requirements of achievement are given by the law of 12 July 2010 on the National Commitment for the Environment (LENE) and the Decree of 2 March 2011. Within this framework, the primary objective of the mapping of flood areas and flood risks for IRRs is to contribute, by homogenising and objecting knowledge of the exposure of issues to floods, to the development of Flood Risk Management Plans (IFMPs). This dataset is used to produce flood surface maps and flood risk maps that represent flood hazards and issues on an appropriate scale, respectively. Their objective is to provide quantitative elements to assess the vulnerability of a territory more accurately for the three levels of flood probability (high, medium, low).

The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) produces Flood Insurance Rate maps and identifies Special Flood Hazard Areas as part of the National Flood Insurance Program's floodplain management. Special Flood Hazard Areas have regulations that include the mandatory purchase of flood insurance for holders of federally regulated mortgages. In addition, this layer can help planners and firms avoid areas of flood risk and also avoid additional cost to carry insurance for certain planned activities. Dataset SummaryPhenomenon Mapped: Flood Hazard AreasGeographic Extent: Contiguous United States, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, US Virgin Islands, Northern Mariana Islands and American Samoa.Projection: Web Mercator Auxiliary SphereData Coordinate System: USA Contiguous Albers Equal Area Conic USGS version (contiguous US, Puerto Rico, US Virgin Islands), WGS 1984 Albers (Alaska), Hawaii Albers Equal Area Conic (Hawaii), Western Pacific Albers Equal Area Conic (Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, and American Samoa)Cell Sizes: 10 meters (default), 30 meters, and 90 metersUnits: NoneSource Type: ThematicPixel Type: Unsigned integerSource: Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)Update Frequency: AnnualPublication Date: May 7, 2025 This layer is derived from the May 7, 2025 version Flood Insurance Rate Map feature class S_FLD_HAZ_AR. The vector data were then flagged with an index of 94 classes, representing a unique combination of values displayed by three renderers. (In three resolutions the three renderers make nine processing templates.) Repair Geometry was run on the set of features, then the features were rasterized using the 94 class index at a resolutions of 10, 30, and 90 meters, using the Polygon to Raster tool and the "MAXIMUM_COMBINED_AREA" option. Not every part of the United States is covered by flood rate maps. This layer compiles all the flood insurance maps available at the time of publication. To make analysis easier, areas that were NOT mapped by FEMA for flood insurance rates no longer are served as NODATA but are filled in with a value of 250, representing any unmapped areas which appear in the US Census boundary of the USA states and territories. The attribute table corresponding to value 250 will indicate that the area was not mapped.What can you do with this layer?This layer is suitable for both visualization and analysis across the ArcGIS system. This layer can be combined with your data and other layers from the ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World in ArcGIS Online and ArcGIS Pro to create powerful web maps that can be used alone or in a story map or other application. Because this layer is part of the ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World it is easy to add to your map:In ArcGIS Online, you can add this layer to a map by selecting Add then Browse Living Atlas Layers. A window will open. Type "flood hazard areas" in the search box and browse to the layer. Select the layer then click Add to Map.In ArcGIS Pro, open a map and select Add Data from the Map Tab. Select Data at the top of the drop down menu. The Add Data dialog box will open on the left side of the box, expand Portal if necessary, then select Living Atlas. Type "flood hazard areas" in the search box, browse to the layer then click OK. In ArcGIS Pro you can use the built-in raster functions to create custom extracts of the data. Imagery layers provide fast, powerful inputs to geoprocessing tools, models, or Python scripts in Pro. The ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World provides an easy way to explore many other beautiful and authoritative maps on hundreds of topics like this one. Processing TemplatesCartographic Renderer - The default. These are meaningful classes grouped by FEMA which group its own Flood Zone Type and Subtype fields. This renderer uses FEMA's own cartographic interpretations of its flood zone and zone subtype fields to help you identify and assess risk. Flood Zone Type Renderer - Specifically renders FEMA FLD_ZONE (flood zone) attribute, which distinguishes the original, broadest categories of flood zones. This renderer displays high level categories of flood zones, and is less nuanced than the Cartographic Renderer. For example, a fld_zone value of X can either have moderate or low risk depending on location. This renderer will simply render fld_zone X as its own color without identifying "500 year" flood zones within that category.Flood Insurance Requirement Renderer - Shows Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) true-false status. This may be helpful if you want to show just the places where flood insurance is required. A value of True means flood insurance is mandatory in a majority of the area covered by each 10m pixel. Each of these three renderers have templates at three different raster resolutions depending on your analysis needs. To include the layer in web maps to serve maps and queries, the 10 meter renderers are the preferred option. These are served with overviews and render at all resolutions. However, when doing analysis of larger areas, we now offer two coarser resolutions of 30 and 90 meters in processing templates for added convenience and time savings.Data DictionaryMaking a copy of your area of interest using copyraster in arcgis pro will copy the layer's attribute table to your network alongside the local output raster. The raster attribute table in the copied raster will contain the flood zone, zone subtype, and special flood hazard area true/false flag which corresponds to each value in the layer for your area of interest. For your convienence, we also included a table in CSV format in the box below as a data dictionary you can use as an index to every value in the layer. Value,FLD_ZONE,ZONE_SUBTY,SFHA_TF 2,A,, 3,A,,F 4,A,,T 5,A,,T 6,A,,T 7,A,1 PCT ANNUAL CHANCE FLOOD HAZARD CONTAINED IN CHANNEL,T 8,A,1 PCT ANNUAL CHANCE FLOOD HAZARD CONTAINED IN STRUCTURE,T 9,A,ADMINISTRATIVE FLOODWAY,T 10,A,COASTAL FLOODPLAIN,T 11,A,FLOWAGE EASEMENT AREA,T 12,A99,,T 13,A99,AREA WITH REDUCED FLOOD RISK DUE TO LEVEE,T 14,AE,,F 15,AE,,T 16,AE,,T 17,AE,,T 18,AE,1 PCT ANNUAL CHANCE FLOOD HAZARD CONTAINED IN CHANNEL,T 19,AE,1 PCT ANNUAL CHANCE FLOOD HAZARD CONTAINED IN STRUCTURE,T 20,AE,"1 PCT CONTAINED IN STRUCTURE, COMMUNITY ENCROACHMENT",T 21,AE,"1 PCT CONTAINED IN STRUCTURE, FLOODWAY",T 22,AE,ADMINISTRATIVE FLOODWAY,T 23,AE,AREA OF SPECIAL CONSIDERATION,T 24,AE,COASTAL FLOODPLAIN,T 25,AE,COLORADO RIVER FLOODWAY,T 26,AE,COMBINED RIVERINE AND COASTAL FLOODPLAIN,T 27,AE,COMMUNITY ENCROACHMENT,T 28,AE,COMMUNITY ENCROACHMENT AREA,T 29,AE,DENSITY FRINGE AREA,T 30,AE,FLOODWAY,T 31,AE,FLOODWAY CONTAINED IN CHANNEL,T 32,AE,FLOODWAY CONTAINED IN STRUCTURE,T 33,AE,FLOWAGE EASEMENT AREA,T 34,AE,RIVERINE FLOODWAY IN COMBINED RIVERINE AND COASTAL ZONE,T 35,AE,RIVERINE FLOODWAY SHOWN IN COASTAL ZONE,T 36,AE,STATE ENCROACHMENT AREA,T 37,AH,,T 38,AH,,T 39,AH,FLOODWAY,T 40,AO,,T 41,AO,COASTAL FLOODPLAIN,T 42,AO,FLOODWAY,T 43,AREA NOT INCLUDED,,F 44,AREA NOT INCLUDED,,T 45,AREA NOT INCLUDED,,U 46,D,,F 47,D,,T 48,D,AREA WITH FLOOD RISK DUE TO LEVEE,F 49,OPEN WATER,,F 50,OPEN WATER,,T 51,OPEN WATER,,U 52,V,,T 53,V,COASTAL FLOODPLAIN,T 54,VE,,T 55,VE,,T 56,VE,COASTAL FLOODPLAIN,T 57,VE,RIVERINE FLOODWAY SHOWN IN COASTAL ZONE,T 58,X,,F 59,X,0.2 PCT ANNUAL CHANCE FLOOD HAZARD,F 60,X,0.2 PCT ANNUAL CHANCE FLOOD HAZARD,T 61,X,0.2 PCT ANNUAL CHANCE FLOOD HAZARD,U 62,X,0.2 PCT ANNUAL CHANCE FLOOD HAZARD CONTAINED IN CHANNEL,F 63,X,0.2 PCT ANNUAL CHANCE FLOOD HAZARD CONTAINED IN STRUCTURE,F 64,X,0.2 PCT ANNUAL CHANCE FLOOD HAZARD IN COASTAL ZONE,F 65,X,0.2 PCT ANNUAL CHANCE FLOOD HAZARD IN COMBINED RIVERINE AND COASTAL ZONE,F 66,X,"1 PCT CONTAINED IN STRUCTURE, COMMUNITY ENCROACHMENT",F 67,X,"1 PCT CONTAINED IN STRUCTURE, FLOODWAY",F 68,X,1 PCT DEPTH LESS THAN 1 FOOT,F 69,X,1 PCT DRAINAGE AREA LESS THAN 1 SQUARE MILE,F 70,X,1 PCT FUTURE CONDITIONS,F 71,X,1 PCT FUTURE CONDITIONS CONTAINED IN STRUCTURE,F 72,X,"1 PCT FUTURE CONDITIONS, COMMUNITY ENCROACHMENT",F 73,X,"1 PCT FUTURE CONDITIONS, FLOODWAY",F 74,X,"1 PCT FUTURE IN STRUCTURE, COMMUNITY ENCROACHMENT",F 75,X,"1 PCT FUTURE IN STRUCTURE, FLOODWAY",F 76,X,AREA OF MINIMAL FLOOD HAZARD, 77,X,AREA OF MINIMAL FLOOD HAZARD,F 78,X,AREA OF MINIMAL FLOOD HAZARD,T 79,X,AREA OF MINIMAL FLOOD HAZARD,U 80,X,AREA OF SPECIAL CONSIDERATION,F 81,X,AREA WITH REDUCED FLOOD RISK DUE TO LEVEE,F 82,X,AREA WITH REDUCED FLOOD RISK DUE TO LEVEE,T 83,X,FLOWAGE EASEMENT AREA,F 84,X,1 PCT FUTURE CONDITIONS,T 85,AH,COASTAL FLOODPLAIN,T 86,AE,,U 87,AE,FLOODWAY,F 88,X,AREA WITH REDUCED FLOOD HAZARD DUE TO ACCREDITED LEVEE SYSTEM,F 89,X,530,F 90,VE,100,T 91,AE,100,T 92,A99,AREA WITH REDUCED FLOOD HAZARD DUE TO LEVEE SYSTEM,T 93,A99,AREA WITH REDUCED FLOOD HAZARD DUE TO NON-ACCREDITED LEVEE SYSTEM,T 94,A,COMBINED RIVERINE AND COASTAL FLOODPLAIN,T 250,AREA NOT INCLUDED,Not Mapped by FEMA, Questions?Please leave a comment below if you have a question about this layer, and we will get back to you as soon as possible.

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is undergoing massive and rapid urbanization as part of Vision 2030. This includes development projects along Saudi Arabia’s coastline across the Red Sea. Coastal areas, especially the ones along Saudi’s western regions are susceptible to natural disasters such as flooding. NEOM, a futuristic city currently being developed in the northwest of Saudi Arabia, exemplifies a potential flooding hazard due to its geographic location and proposed urbanization plans. This research aims to enhance flood hazard assessment in NEOM by applying the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) in combination with Geographic Information System (GIS). Acknowledging traditional limitations related to data availability and parameter selection consensus, the study carefully selects parameters such as drainage density, elevation, slope, rainfall, land use/land cover (LULC), soil type, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and topographic wetness index (TWI). The 30 m DEM was used to derive Drainage Density, Slope, and TWI while LULC data helped assess land cover changes. Rainfall data and soil type information are integrated to evaluate their impact on flood susceptibility. NDVI is employed to analyze vegetation cover. Utilizing ArcGIS Pro’s weighted overlay model, the criteria were combined to generate the final flood susceptibility map. The research outcomes manifest in a flood susceptibility map categorizing areas into seven distinct susceptibility classes, ranging from ‘very low’ to ‘very high.’ A quantitative breakdown in a summary table provides insights into the proportional distribution of flood risk. Results indicate a significant portion of NEOM falls within varying degrees of moderate susceptibility range with relatively limited distribution of flood susceptibility on the extremes, equating to areas with ‘low to moderate’ susceptibility is 4,322.8 km2, areas with ‘moderate’ susceptibility is 5,109.69 km2, areas with ‘moderate to high’ is 4,081.39 km2. The flood susceptibility map developed in this study can shed insights on potential optimum areas for flood mitigation measures (i.e., optimum locations for establishing stormwater collection points).

The IRR flood and flood risk maps were approved on 03 December 2014 by Prefectural Order No 2014337-0002. The Geostandard Flood Directive describes the basis of geographic data produced on 120 High Flood Risk (TRI) territories and mapped for reporting purposes for the European Flood Directive. European Directive 2007/60/EC of 23 October 2007 on the assessment and management of flood risks (OJ L 288, 06-11-2007, p. 27) influences the flood prevention strategy in Europe by requiring the production of flood risk management plans for each river basin district. Article 1 of the Flood Directive specifies its objective of establishing a framework for the assessment and management of flood risks, which aims to reduce the negative consequences of flooding on human health, the environment, cultural heritage and economic activity. The objectives and implementation requirements are set out in the Law of 12 July 2010 on the National Commitment for the Environment (LENE) and the Decree of 2 March 2011. In this context, the primary objective of flood and flood risk mapping for TRIs is to contribute, by homogenising and objectivating knowledge of flood exposure, to the drafting of flood risk management plans (WRMs), to the definition of the objectives of the plan and to the development of local strategies by TRI. Thus, the purpose of this geostandard is to:

1. homogenise the production of data used for flooding and flood risk maps,

2. facilitate the implementation of a GIS on each IRR.

This Flood Directive GIS should become a living reference for knowledge of hazards and flood risks on these IRRs and will be used to establish flood risk management plans. IRR GIS will be integrated into a common national GIS.

Normally, any FIRM that has associated flood profiles has cross sections. The S_XS table contains information about cross section lines. These lines usually represent the locations of channel surveys performed for input into the hydraulic model used to calculate flood elevations. Sometimes cross sections are interpolated between surveyed cross sections using high accuracy elevation data. Depending on the zone designation (Zone AE, Zone A, etc.), these locations may be shown on Flood Profiles in the FIS report and can be used to cross reference the Flood Profiles to the planimetric depiction of the flood hazards. This information is used in the Floodway Data Tables in the FIS report, as well as on the FIRM panels.Flood hazard and supporting data are developed using specifications for horizontal control consistent with 1:12,000–scale mapping. If you plan to display maps from the National Flood Hazard Layer with other map data for official purposes, ensure that the other information meets FEMA’s standards for map accuracy.The minimum horizontal positional accuracy for base map hydrographic and transportation features used with the NFHL is the NSSDA radial accuracy of 38 feet. USGS imagery and map services that meet this standard can be found by visiting the Knowledge Sharing Site (KSS) for Base Map Standards (420). Other base map standards can be found athttps://riskmapportal.msc.fema.gov/kss/MapChanges/default.aspx. You will need a username and password to access this information.The NFHL data are from FEMA’s Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) databases. New data are added continually. The NFHL also contains map changes to FIRM data made by Letters of Map Revision (LOMRs).The NFHL is stored in North American Datum of 1983, Geodetic Reference System 80 coordinate system, though many of the NFHL GIS web services support the Web Mercator Sphere projection commonly used in web mapping applications.

The New Jersey Flood Risk Notification Tool Map contains the GIS layers to determine potential flood risk for parcels in New Jersey. This map was developed for use in the New Jersey Flood Risk Notification Tool which can be viewed by clicking here.The Flood Risk Notice and property condition disclosure form requires you to disclose if the property is in the Special Flood Hazard Area (100-year or 1% annual chance floodplain) or the Moderate Flood Hazard Area (500-year or 1% annual chance floodplain). You will need to disclose all FEMA Flood Zones that overlap your property. There may be more than one, or there may be none. This includes any flood zones mapped according to preliminary maps. FEMA periodically re-assesses a community’s flood risk using updated data and modeling and mapping technology. These updated models are published as preliminary maps until they are made effective following a public comment or appeal period.The absence of flood indicators does not mean that a property is free from flood risk. Flooding can occur anywhere. The geographic extent of flood-prone areas can change due to local factors including increases in impervious surface; changes to stream flow; natural impediments; or aging, poorly maintained, or failing infrastructure. The size and extent of flood prone areas are also expanding due to climate change-related impacts like increasing rainfall intensities and sea-level rise.This tool does not provide information regarding the applicability of any NJDEP regulations. The absence of flood indicators does not mean that a property is free from flood risk. Flooding can occur anywhere. The geographic extent of flood-prone areas can change due to local factors including increases in impervious surface; changes to stream flow; natural impediments; or aging, poorly maintained, or failing infrastructure. The size and extent of flood-prone areas are expanding due to climate change-related impacts like increasing rainfall intensities and sea-level rise.

The S_LOMR feature class should contain at least one record for each Letter of Map Revision incorporated into the NFHL. Multipart polygons are not allowed. The spatial entities representing LOMRs are polygons. The spatial information contains the bounding polygon for each LOMR area, broken on panel boundaries.Technical Reference - http://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/1449862521789-e97ed4c7b7405faa7c3691603137ec40/FIRM_Database_Technical_Reference_Nov_2015.pdfFlood hazard and supporting data are developed using specifications for horizontal control consistent with 1:12,000–scale mapping. If you plan to display maps from the National Flood Hazard Layer with other map data for official purposes, ensure that the other information meets FEMA’s standards for map accuracy. The minimum horizontal positional accuracy for base map hydrographic and transportation features used with the NFHL is the NSSDA radial accuracy of 38 feet. USGS imagery and map services that meet this standard can be found by visiting the Knowledge Sharing Site (KSS) for Base Map Standards (420). Other base map standards can be found at https://riskmapportal.msc.fema.gov/kss/MapChanges/default.aspx. You will need a username and password to access this information.The NFHL data are from FEMA’s Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) databases. New data are added continually. The NFHL also contains map changes to FIRM data made by Letters of Map Revision (LOMRs). The NFHL is stored in North American Datum of 1983, Geodetic Reference System 80 coordinate system, though many of the NFHL GIS web services support the Web Mercator Sphere projection commonly used in web mapping applications.

A series of geographical data produced by the GIS Flooding Directive for the territory at significant risk of flooding (TRI) of Saint-Malo — Bay of Mont Saint-Michel and mapped for reporting purposes for the European Flood Directive. The European Directive 2007/60/EC of 23 October 2007 on evaluation and flood risk management (OJ L 288, 06-11-2007, p. 27) influences the flood prevention strategy in Europe. It requires the production of a flood risk management plan aimed at reducing the negative consequences of flooding on human health, the environment, cultural heritage and economic activity. The objectives and requirements of achievement are given by the law of 12 July 2010 on the National Commitment for the Environment (LENE) and the Decree of 2 March 2011. Within this framework, the primary objective of the mapping of flood areas and flood risks for IRRs is to contribute, by homogenising and objecting knowledge of the exposure of issues to floods, to the development of Flood Risk Management Plans (IFMPs). Data in the process of validation: The maps below were presented in committee (CIPL) on 19 June 2014 but are still awaiting local consultation. This dataset is used to produce flood surface maps and flood risk maps that represent flood hazards and issues on an appropriate scale, respectively. Their objective is to provide quantitative elements to assess the vulnerability of a territory more accurately for the three levels of flood probability (high, medium, low).

Spatial data set produced by the GIS Flood Directive for the territory of metropolitan France and mapped for reporting purposes for the European Floods Directive.The European Directive 2007/60/EC of 23 October 2007 on the assessment and management of flood risks (OJ EU L 288, 06-11-2007, p.27) influences the flood prevention strategy in Europe. It requires the production of a flood risk management plan that aims to reduce the negative impact of floods on human health, the environment, cultural heritage and economic activity. The objectives and implementation requirements are laid down in the Law of 12 July 2010 on the National Commitment for the Environment (LENE) and the Decree of 2 March 2011. In this context, the primary objective of flood area and flood risk mapping for IRRs is to contribute, by homogenising and objectifying knowledge of the exposure of issues to floods, to the development of flood risk management plans (FRMPs).This dataset is used to produce the flood area maps and the flood risk map, which respectively represent flood hazards and exposed issues at an appropriate scale. Their objective is to provide quantitative evidence to further assess the vulnerability of a territory for the three levels of flood probability (strong, medium, low). https://data.georisques.fr/id/dataset/64dc3015-8cb0-4c42-aa7a-9ccd8e34aeb5

The IRR flood and flood risk maps were approved on 03 December 2014 by Prefectural Order No 2014337-0002. The geostandard Flood Directive describes the basis of geographical data produced on territories with significant flood risk (TRI) and mapped for reporting purposes for the European Flood Directive. European Directive 2007/60/EC of 23 October 2007 on the assessment and management of flood risks (OJ L 288, 06-11-2007, p. 27) influences the flood prevention strategy in Europe by requiring the production of flood risk management plans for each river basin district. Article 1 of the Flood Directive specifies its objective of establishing a framework for the assessment and management of flood risks, which aims to reduce the negative consequences of flooding on human health, the environment, cultural heritage and economic activity. The objectives and implementation requirements are set out in the Law of 12 July 2010 on the National Commitment for the Environment (LENE) and the Decree of 2 March 2011. In this context, the primary objective of flood and flood risk mapping for TRIs is to contribute, by homogenising and objectivating knowledge of flood exposure, to the drafting of flood risk management plans (WRMs), to the definition of the objectives of the plan and to the development of local strategies by TRI. Thus, the purpose of this geostandard is to: 1. homogenise the production of data used for flooding and flood risk maps, 2. facilitate the implementation of a GIS on each IRR. This Flood Directive GIS should become a living reference for knowledge of hazards and flood risks on these IRRs and will be used to establish flood risk management plans. IRR GIS will be integrated into a common national GIS.

In this context, the primary objective of flood area and flood risk mapping for IRRs is to contribute, by homogenising and objectifying knowledge of the exposure of issues to floods, to the development of flood risk management plans (FRMPs).This dataset is used to produce the flood area maps and the flood risk map, which respectively represent flood hazards and exposed issues at an appropriate scale.