In the United States, influenza vaccination rates differ greatly by age. For example, during the 2023-2024 flu season, around ** percent of those aged 65 years and older received an influenza vaccination, compared to just ** percent of those aged 18 to 49 years. The CDC recommends that everyone six months and older in the United States should get vaccinated against influenza every year, with a few exceptions. Although influenza is mild for most people, it can lead to hospitalization and even death, especially among the young, the old, and those with certain preexisting conditions. The impact of flu vaccinations Flu vaccinations are safe and effective, preventing thousands of illnesses, medical visits, and deaths every year. However, the effectiveness of flu vaccines varies each year depending on what flu viruses are circulating that season and the age and health status of the person receiving the vaccination. During the 2023-2024 flu season, it was estimated that influenza vaccination prevented almost 64********* hospitalizations among those aged 65 years and older. In addition, flu vaccinations prevented ***** deaths among those aged 65 years and older, as well as *** deaths among children aged six months to four years. The burden of influenza The impact of influenza is different from season to season. However, during the 2023-2024 flu season, there were around ** million cases of influenza in the United States. Furthermore, there were around ****** deaths due to influenza, an increase from the previous year but significantly fewer than in ********** when influenza contributed to ****** deaths. Most of these deaths are among the elderly. In ********* the death rate due to influenza among those aged 65 years and older was around **** per 100,000 population. In comparison, those aged 18 to 49 had an influenza death rate of just *** per 100,000 population.

Monthly Cumulative Number and Percent of Persons Who Received ≥1 Influenza Vaccination Doses, by Flu Season, Age Group, and Jurisdiction

• Influenza vaccination coverage for children and adults is assessed through U.S. jurisdictions’ Immunization Information Systems (IIS) data, submitted from jurisdictions to CDC monthly in aggregate by age group. More information about the IIS can be found at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/programs/iis/about.html.

• Influenza vaccination coverage estimate numerators include the number of people receiving at least one dose of influenza vaccine in a given flu season, based on information that state, territorial, and local public health agencies report to CDC. Some jurisdictions’ data may include data submitted by tribes. Estimates include persons who are deceased but received a vaccination during the current season. People receiving doses are attributed to the jurisdiction in which the person resides unless noted otherwise. Quality and completeness of data may vary across jurisdictions. Influenza vaccination coverage denominators are obtained from 2020 U.S. Census Bureau population estimates.

• Monthly estimates shown are cumulative, reflecting all persons vaccinated from July through a given month of that flu season. Cumulative estimates include any historical data reported since the previous submission. National estimates are not presented since not all U.S. jurisdictions are currently reporting their IIS data to CDC. Jurisdictions reporting data to CDC include U.S. states, some localities, and territories.

• Because IIS data contain all vaccinations administered within a jurisdiction rather than a sample, standard errors were not calculated and statistical testing for differences in estimates across years were not performed.

• Laws and policies regarding the submission of vaccination data to an IIS vary by state, which may impact the completeness of vaccination coverage reflected for a jurisdiction. More information on laws and policies are found at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/programs/iis/policy-legislation.html.

• Coverage estimates based on IIS data are expected to differ from National Immunization Survey (NIS) estimates for children (https://www.cdc.gov/flu/fluvaxview/dashboard/vaccination-coverage-race.html) and adults (https://www.cdc.gov/flu/fluvaxview/dashboard/vaccination-adult-coverage.html) because NIS estimates are based on a sample that may not be representative after survey weighting and vaccination status is determined by survey respondent rather than vaccine records or administrations, and quality and completeness of IIS data may vary across jurisdictions. In general, NIS estimates tend to overestimate coverage due to overreporting and IIS estimates may underestimate coverage due to incompleteness of data in certain jurisdictions.

In 2023, around 39 percent of Canadians reported receiving an influenza immunization in the past year. The year 2020 saw the highest share of Canadians receiving an influenza immunization in recent years. The COVID-19 pandemic and the increased awareness of health and virus transmission that it brought may have motivated more people in Canada to receive a flu vaccination in 2020 than in recent years. Flu vaccinations in Canada The Canadian government recommends that everyone six months and older should get a yearly flu vaccination. The vaccine is safe and effective and is easily accessible in Canada. However, although the flu vaccination is the best defense against catching and spreading the flu, many Canadians still choose not to receive the vaccination. For example, a survey from 2020, found that only around 48 percent of Canadians stated they planned to get an influenza vaccination that year. The same survey also asked U.S. adults about their plans to receive an influenza vaccination that year, with around 53 percent stating they planned on getting one. Deaths from influenza Although influenza may seem like a relatively harmless virus to many, influenza and pneumonia are in fact the 10th leading cause of death in Canada. Older adults and those with preexisting health conditions such as cancer and heart disease are some of the groups most at risk of dying from influenza and pneumonia. In 2021, the death rate for influenza and pneumonia in Canada was about 10.8 per 100,000 population, a decrease from recent years. It is important to remember that when receiving an influenza vaccination, one is not only protecting oneself, but also helping to minimize the chances of other people catching the virus.

Influenza Vaccination Coverage for All Ages (6+ Months) • Data on influenza vaccination coverage from the National Immunization Survey-Flu (NIS-Flu) and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) for the general population at the national, regional, and state levels by age group and race/ethnicity. • Additional information available at https://www.cdc.gov/flu/fluvaxview/index.htm

Between 1999 and 2024, the share of individuals in Italy aged 65 years and older vaccinated against flu fluctuated. According to the data, the percentage of elderly people who received an influenza vaccination increased consistently up to the season 2005-2006, when it peaked at **** percent. After this, flu coverage rate decreased considerably and remained at rather low levels until the flu season 2020-2021, when it reached **** percent. During this time, Italy was going through its second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. A similar trend, with lower rates, is observed for the overall population coverage rate of flu vaccination in Italy. Flu vaccination by age Coverage rates of flu vaccination in Italy vary greatly by age group. For example, flu vaccination coverage during the flu season 2023-2024 ranged from *** percent, for teenagers aged 15 to 17 years, to **** percent, for people above 65 years. Indeed, elderly people have a higher chance of developing flu-related complications that might lead to hospitalization and death. Flu vaccination across the country During the winter of 2023-2024, coverage rates across the country were different from region to region. Liguria was the region with the highest rate of flu vaccination with over ** percent coverage, followed by the regions of Tuscany and Umbria. The Italian region with the highest rate of people over 65 years who received the flu vaccination was again Umbria, with almost ** percent of elderly individuals receiving the vaccine.

Weekly Cumulative Influenza Vaccination Coverage, Children 6 months through 17 years, United States

• Archived data are available here: https://data.cdc.gov/resource/vfj2-bfuw • Influenza vaccination coverage among children is assessed through the National Immunization Survey-Flu (NIS-Flu) annually, providing weekly influenza vaccination coverage estimates for children 6 months–17 years based upon parental report. (https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/imz-managers/nis/about.html) o NIS-Flu is a national random-digit-dialed cellular telephone survey of households conducted during the flu season (October-June). • Final estimates for prior seasons and other flu vaccination data are available at CDC’s FluVaxView: https://www.cdc.gov/flu/fluvaxview/index.htm.

Flu vaccine uptake (percent) in at risk individuals aged 6 months to 65 years (excluding pregnant women), who received the flu vaccination between 1st September to the end of February as recorded in the GP record. The February collection has been adopted for our end of season figures from 2017 to 2018. All previous data is the same definitions but until the end of January rather than February to consider data returning from outside the practice and later in practice vaccinations.RationaleInfluenza (also known as Flu) is a highly infectious viral illness spread by droplet infection. The flu vaccination is offered to people who are at greater risk of developing serious complications if they catch the flu. The seasonal influenza programme for England is set out in the Annual Flu Letter. Both the flu letter and the flu plan have the support of the Chief Medical Officer (CMO), Chief Pharmaceutical Officer (CPhO), and Director of Nursing.Vaccination coverage is the best indicator of the level of protection a population will have against vaccine-preventable communicable diseases. Immunisation is one of the most effective healthcare interventions available, and flu vaccines can prevent illness and hospital admissions among these groups of people. Increasing the uptake of the flu vaccine among these high-risk groups should also contribute to easing winter pressure on primary care services and hospital admissions. Coverage is closely related to levels of disease. Monitoring coverage identifies possible drops in immunity before levels of disease rise.The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) will continue to provide expert advice and monitoring of public health, including immunisation. NHS England now has responsibility for commissioning the flu programme, and GPs continue to play a key role. NHS England teams will ensure that robust plans are in place locally and that high vaccination uptake levels are reached in the clinical risk groups. For more information, see the Green Book chapter 19 on Influenza.The Annual Flu Letter sets out the national vaccine uptake ambitions each year. In 2021 to 2022, the national ambition was to achieve at least 85 percent vaccine uptake in those aged 65 and over. Prior to this, the national vaccine uptake ambition was 75 percent, in line with WHO targets.Definition of numeratorNumerator is the number of vaccinations administered during the influenza season between 1st September and the end of February.Definition of denominatorDenominator is the GP registered population on the date of extraction including patients who have been offered the vaccine but refused it, as the uptake rate is measured against the overall eligible population. For more detailed information please see the user guide, available to view and download from https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/vaccine-uptake#seasonal-flu-vaccine-uptakeCaveatsRead codes are primarily used for data collection purposes to extract vaccine uptake data for patients who fall into one or more of the designated clinical risk groups. The codes identify individuals at risk, and therefore eligible for flu vaccination. However, it is important to note that there may be some individuals with conditions not specified in the recommended risk groups for vaccination, who may be offered influenza vaccine by their GP based on clinical judgement and according to advice contained in the flu letter and Green Book, and thus are likely to fall outside the listed Read codes. Therefore, this data should not be used for GP payment purposes.

Cumulative Influenza Vaccination Coverage, by Flu Season and Race/Ethnicity, Pregnant Women 18-49 years

• These monthly flu vaccination coverage estimates for pregnant women are based on electronic health record (EHR) data from the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD), a collaboration between CDC’s Immunization Safety Office and nine integrated health care organizations.§ This system has been used annually to estimate vaccination coverage among pregnant women. COVID-19 vaccination coverage for pregnant women is available here.

• Figure 3A. Monthly Cumulative Influenza Vaccination Coverage*, by Flu Season and Race/Ethnicity, Pregnant Women 18-49 years, United States, Data Source: Vaccine Safety Datalink

• Figure 3B. Cumulative Influenza Vaccination Coverage*, by Month, Flu Season, and Race/Ethnicity, Pregnant Women 18-49 years, United States, Data Source: Vaccine Safety Datalink

• For any month’s coverage estimate, the denominator is the number of women with a pregnancy during the current flu season (defined as August through March) beginning before or during the specified month. The numerator is the subset of the denominator who have received flu vaccination prior to, during, or after pregnancy. The denominator increases as more women are identified as pregnant or having been pregnant during the flu season. Cumulative vaccination coverage for one month may be lower than cumulative coverage for a previous month due to addition to the denominator of women who are less likely to have received vaccination.

Cumulative Influenza Vaccination Coverage Differences by Race/Ethnicity, Children 6 months through 17 years, United States Vaccinations

• Influenza vaccination coverage among children is assessed through the National Immunization Survey-Flu (NIS-Flu) annually, providing weekly influenza vaccination coverage estimates for children 6 months–17 years based upon parental report. (https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/imz-managers/nis/about.html)

o NIS-Flu is a national random-digit-dialed cellular telephone survey of households conducted during the flu season (October-June).

• Final estimates for prior seasons and other flu vaccination data are available at CDC’s FluVaxView: https://www.cdc.gov/flu/fluvaxview/index.htm.

Flu Vaccination Market Outlook

The global flu vaccination market size was valued at approximately USD 5.8 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach around USD 9.7 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 5.8% during the forecast period. This growth is driven by increasing awareness about the importance of flu vaccination, advancements in vaccine technology, and supportive government policies. With the evolving healthcare landscape and the rising prevalence of influenza, the flu vaccination market is poised for significant expansion across various regions.

The primary growth factor for the flu vaccination market is the rising awareness regarding the critical role of flu vaccines in preventing seasonal influenza outbreaks. Governments and healthcare organizations worldwide have been actively advocating for increased vaccination coverage, emphasizing the vaccine's effectiveness in reducing flu-related morbidity and mortality. Public health campaigns, educational initiatives, and community outreach programs have collectively contributed to higher vaccination rates, thereby driving market growth.

Another significant factor propelling the market is the advancements in vaccine technology. The development of more effective and safer vaccines, including cell-based and recombinant technologies, has enhanced the efficacy and accessibility of flu vaccines. These innovations have addressed some of the limitations associated with traditional egg-based vaccines, such as longer production times and allergic reactions. As a result, the adoption of advanced flu vaccines is on the rise, further boosting market growth.

Additionally, the growing geriatric population is a crucial factor driving the demand for flu vaccinations. Older adults are more susceptible to severe flu-related complications, making vaccination essential for this age group. The increasing prevalence of chronic diseases among the elderly, which can exacerbate flu symptoms, has further underscored the importance of flu vaccination. As the global population ages, the demand for flu vaccines is expected to rise, thereby contributing to market expansion.

The emergence of H7N9 Vaccines marks a significant advancement in the fight against avian influenza. These vaccines are specifically designed to combat the H7N9 strain, which has been a concern due to its potential to cause severe respiratory illness in humans. The development of H7N9 vaccines has been accelerated by global health organizations and pharmaceutical companies, aiming to provide effective protection against this particular strain. The introduction of these vaccines is expected to enhance the overall influenza vaccination strategy, offering an additional layer of defense against potential pandemics. As research continues, the integration of H7N9 vaccines into existing flu vaccination programs could further bolster public health efforts, ensuring comprehensive coverage against diverse influenza strains.

On a regional level, North America currently holds a significant share in the flu vaccination market, primarily due to the robust healthcare infrastructure, high awareness levels, and supportive government policies. The region's focus on preventive healthcare measures and the presence of key market players have also played a vital role. However, the Asia Pacific region is anticipated to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period. Factors such as increasing healthcare expenditure, growing awareness, and government initiatives to improve vaccination coverage are driving the market in this region.

Vaccine Type Analysis

The flu vaccination market can be segmented by vaccine type into trivalent and quadrivalent vaccines. Trivalent vaccines, which protect against three strains of the influenza virus, have been the traditional choice for flu prevention. These vaccines have been extensively used and have a well-established track record of efficacy and safety. However, their coverage is limited to two influenza A strains and one influenza B strain, which may not provide comprehensive protection against all circulating strains.

In contrast, quadrivalent vaccines offer broader protection by including an additional influenza B strain. This added coverage is particularly beneficial during seasons when multiple B strains are in circulation. The increased efficacy of quadrivalent vaccines has led to their growing adoption in recent years. Healthcare providers and public health organizations are incre

Access available resources below such as data reports, and Public Health Council presentations.

Number and percentage of persons who reported having their last influenza immunization in the past 12 months, by age group and sex.

• Weekly Influenza Vaccination Coverage and intent among adults 18 Years and Older by Demographic Characteristics and Jurisdiction

• Weekly estimates of influenza vaccination coverage and intent for vaccination among adults 18 years and older are calculated using data from the National Immunization Survey–Adult COVID Module (NIS–ACM) (https://www.cdc.gov/nis/about/index.html).

Overall, the share of individuals getting vaccinated against flu in Italy increased from 1999 to 2022, reaching the lowest point of **** percent during the flu season 1999-2000, and the highest in the season 2020-2021 with the outbreak of COVID-19, when **** percent of the Italian population received a flu shot. During the season 2023-2024, the coverage rate for flu vaccination was **** percent. Even though most Italians do not get vaccinated against influenza every year, a survey conducted in 2022 on the topic of vaccine importance in Italy, revealed that the influenza vaccine was considered important by ** percent of interviewees. Flu vaccination across Italy Coverage rates across the country, were different region to region during the winter of 2023-2024. Liguria was the region with the highest rate of flu vaccination with over ** percent coverage, followed by the regions of Tuscany and Umbria. Conversely, the Autonomous Province of Bolzano had the lowest rate of **** percent. Umbria, was also the Italian region with the highest rate of elderly people who received the flu vaccination, with almost ** percent of people over 65 years receiving the vaccine. Flu vaccination by age group Flu vaccination coverage in Italy during the flu season 2023-2024 varied greatly by age. Coverage was highest among individuals aged 65 years and older, with a rate of **** percent, followed by toddlers and children aged 2-4 years with a vaccination rate of **** percent. These groups are among those recommended by the Italian Ministry of Health to get vaccinated against seasonal flu.

• Weekly Cumulative Influenza Vaccination Coverage, by Flu Season and Race and Ethnicity, Medicare Fee-For-Service Beneficiaries, Adults aged 65 years and Older

• Influenza vaccination coverage among Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries 65 years and older is assessed using data files from the Medicare Fee-For-Service (FFS) administrative claims data managed by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).

Cumulative Influenza Vaccination Coverage Age Group, Race/Ethnicity, and Jurisdiction, Adults 18 Years and Older, United States, National Immunization Survey Adult COVID Module.

Archived data are available including for Figures 4B and 4C: https://data.cdc.gov/resource/8dyx-9z99

• The National Immunization Survey-Adult COVID Module (NIS-ACM) was launched in April 2021 among adults 18 years and older. The survey was used to monitor COVID-19 vaccination uptake and confidence in vaccination among adults and included questions about influenza vaccination.

Flu vaccine uptake (%) in school aged children from Reception to Year 6 (age 4 to 11 year olds) between 1st September to the end of January.RationaleInfluenza (also known as Flu) is a highly infectious viral illness spread by droplet infection. The flu vaccination is offered to people who are at greater risk of developing serious complications if they catch the flu. The seasonal influenza programme for England is set out in the Annual Flu Letter. Both the flu letter and the flu plan have the support of the Chief Medical Officer (CMO), Chief Pharmaceutical Officer (CPhO), and Director of Nursing.Vaccination coverage is the best indicator of the level of protection a population will have against vaccine-preventable communicable diseases. Immunisation is one of the most effective healthcare interventions available, and flu vaccines can prevent illness and hospital admissions among these groups of people. Increasing the uptake of the flu vaccine among these high-risk groups should also contribute to easing winter pressure on primary care services and hospital admissions. Coverage is closely related to levels of disease. Monitoring coverage identifies possible drops in immunity before levels of disease rise.The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) will continue to provide expert advice and monitoring of public health, including immunisation. NHS England now has responsibility for commissioning the flu programme, and GPs continue to play a key role. NHS England teams will ensure that robust plans are in place locally and that high vaccination uptake levels are reached in the clinical risk groups. For more information, see the Green Book chapter 19 on Influenza.The Annual flu letter sets out the national vaccine uptake ambitions each year. In 2021 to 2022, the national ambition was to achieve at least 70% vaccine uptake in school aged children in Reception to Year 6 (age 4 to 11 years old).Definition of numeratorThe total number of children in the respective eligible age cohort that have received at least one dose of influenza vaccine from 1 September in school, pharmacy, and general practice.Definition of denominatorThe total number of children eligible for influenza vaccination in the LA geography and children educated out of school in the LA geography, defined by child age on 31 AugustCaveatsData for ICBs are estimated from local authority data. In most cases, ICBs are coterminous with local authorities, so the ICB figures are precise. In cases where local authorities cross ICB boundaries, the local authority data are proportionally split between ICBs, based on the population located in each ICB.The affected ICBs are:Bath and North East Somerset, Swindon and WiltshireBedfordshire, Luton and Milton KeynesBuckinghamshire, Oxfordshire and Berkshire WestCambridgeshire and PeterboroughFrimleyHampshire and Isle of WightHertfordshire and West EssexHumber and North YorkshireLancashire and South CumbriaNorfolk and WaveneyNorth East and North CumbriaSuffolk and North East EssexSurrey HeartlandsSussexWest YorkshireRead codes are primarily used for data collection purposes to extract vaccine uptake data for patients who fall into one or more of the designated clinical risk groups. The codes identify individuals at risk and therefore eligible for flu vaccination. However, it is important to note that there may be some individuals with conditions not specified in the recommended risk groups for vaccination, who may be offered influenza vaccine by their GP based on clinical judgement and according to advice contained in the flu letter and Green Book, and thus may fall outside the listed read codes. Therefore, it is important to note that for the reasons mentioned, this data should not be used for GP payment purposes.This collection is regularly submitted for approval from the Data Coordination Board (DCB).

Chicago residents who are up to date with influenza vaccines by ZIP Code, based on the reported home address and age group of the person vaccinated, as provided by the medical provider in the Illinois Comprehensive Automated Immunization Registry Exchange (I-CARE). “Up to date” refers to individuals aged 6 months and older who have received 1+ doses of influenza vaccine during the current season, defined as the beginning of July (MMWR week 27) through the end of the following June (MMWR week 26). Data Notes: Weekly cumulative totals of people up to date are shown for each combination ZIP Code and age group. Note there are rows where age group is "All ages" so care should be taken when summing rows. Weeks begin on a Sunday and end on a Saturday. Coverage percentages are calculated based on the cumulative number of people in each ZIP Code and age group who are considered up to date as of the week ending date divided by the estimated number of people in that subgroup. Population counts are obtained from the 2020 U.S. Decennial Census. For ZIP Codes mostly outside Chicago, coverage percentages are not calculated because reliable Chicago-only population counts are not available. Actual counts may exceed population estimates and lead to coverage estimates that are greater than 100%, especially in smaller ZIP Codes with smaller populations. Additionally, the medical provider may report a work address or incorrect home address for the person receiving the vaccination, which may lead to over- or underestimation of vaccination coverage by geography. All coverage percentages are capped at 99%. The Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) uses the most complete data available to estimate influenza vaccination coverage among Chicagoans, but there are several limitations that impact our estimates. Influenza vaccine administration is not required to be reported in Illinois, except for publicly funded vaccine (e.g., Vaccines for Children, Section 317). Individuals may receive vaccinations that are not recorded in I-CARE, such as those administered in another state, or those administered by a provider that does not submit data to I-CARE, causing underestimation of the number individuals who received an influenza vaccine for the current season. All data are provisional and subject to change. Information is updated as additional details are received and it is, in fact, very common for recent dates to be incomplete and to be updated as time goes on. At any given time, this dataset reflects data currently known to CDPH. Numbers in this dataset may differ from other public sources due to when data are reported and how City of Chicago boundaries are defined. For all datasets related to influenza, see https://data.cityofchicago.org/browse?limitTo=datasets&sortBy=alpha&tags=flu . Data Source: Illinois Comprehensive Automated Immunization Registry Exchange (I-CARE), U.S. Census Bureau 2020 Decennial Census

The global Flu Vaccine market is poised for steady growth, projected to reach a significant valuation with a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 4.6% during the forecast period of 2025-2033. This expansion is driven by increasing awareness surrounding influenza prevention, the recurring nature of seasonal flu outbreaks, and government-led immunization campaigns aimed at bolstering public health. The market is segmented into Trivalent and Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccines, with the latter increasingly dominating due to its broader protection against circulating strains. Applications span across pediatric and adult populations, highlighting the universal need for flu vaccination across all age groups. Key players like Sanofi Pasteur, CSL, and GSK are at the forefront, investing in research and development to enhance vaccine efficacy and accessibility. The market's trajectory is further supported by advancements in vaccine technology and a growing emphasis on preventive healthcare measures worldwide. Geographically, North America and Europe represent substantial markets, influenced by well-established healthcare infrastructures and high vaccination rates. The Asia Pacific region, however, is exhibiting rapid growth potential, fueled by a rising middle class, increasing healthcare expenditure, and a growing focus on infectious disease control in emerging economies like China and India. While the market is robust, potential restraints could include vaccine hesitancy, issues with cold chain logistics in certain regions, and the development of new influenza strains that may challenge existing vaccine effectiveness. Nevertheless, the overarching trend is towards increased demand for flu vaccines, driven by a proactive approach to public health and a continuous effort to mitigate the impact of seasonal influenza on global populations. The market size, estimated at 5664.4 million in 2025, is expected to see sustained year-on-year expansion, reflecting the ongoing importance of influenza vaccination in public health strategies. This report provides an in-depth analysis of the global Flu Vaccine market, encompassing a study period from 2019 to 2033, with a base year of 2025. It offers detailed insights into historical trends, current market dynamics, and future projections, leveraging extensive data and expert analysis. The report delves into the intricate interplay of various market forces, including technological advancements, regulatory landscapes, and evolving consumer preferences, to paint a comprehensive picture of the flu vaccine industry's trajectory.

Cumulative Influenza Vaccination Coverage Age Group, Race/Ethnicity, and Jurisdiction, Adults 18 Years and Older, United States, National Immunization Survey Adult COVID Module. The National Immunization Survey-Adult COVID Module (NIS-ACM) was launched in April 2021 among adults 18 years and older. The survey was used to monitor COVID-19 vaccination uptake and confidence in vaccination among adults and included questions about influenza vaccination.