This dataset contains historical data on chili prices and weather conditions in Kota Singkawang. It includes monthly records of various chili prices, shallot and garlic prices, rainfall levels, number of rainy days, and inflation rates. This dataset is a cleaned and merged version of several publicly available datasets from Statistics Indonesia (BPS). See the attached README file for detailed sources and descriptions.

This Data is associated to the paper "PREDICTION OF FOOD COMMODITY PRICES IN KOTA SINGKAWANG USING MACHINE LEARNING: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RANDOM FOREST, LINEAR REGRESSION, AND XGBOOST" by Lestari, D. , Bangun, E., Gaol, F. and Matsuo, T.

Sharp economic volatility, the continued effects of high interest rates and mixed sentiment among investors created an uneven landscape for stock and commodity exchanges. While trading volumes soared in 2020 due to the pandemic and favorable financial conditions, such as zero percent interest rates from the Federal Reserve, the continued effects of high inflation in 2022 and 2023 resulted in a hawkish pivot on interest rates, which curtailed ROIs across major equity markets. Geopolitical volatility amid the Ukraine-Russia and Israel-Hamas wars further exacerbated trade volatility, as many investors pivoted away from traditional equity markets into derivative markets, such as options and futures to better hedge on their investment. Nonetheless, the continued digitalization of trading markets bolstered exchanges, as they were able to facilitate improved client service and stronger market insights for interested investors. Revenue grew an annualized 0.1% to an estimated $20.9 billion over the past five years, including an estimated 1.9% boost in 2025. A core development for exchanges has been the growth of derivative trades, which has facilitated a significant market niche for investors. Heightened options trading and growing attraction to agricultural commodities strengthened service diversification among exchanges. Major companies, such as CME Group Inc., introduced new tradeable food commodities for investors in 2024, further diversifying how clients engage in trades. These trends, coupled with strengthened corporate profit growth, bolstered exchanges’ profit. Despite current uncertainty with interest rates and the pervasive fear over a future recession, the industry is expected to do well during the outlook period. Strong economic conditions will reduce investor uncertainty and increase corporate profit, uplifting investment into the stock market and boosting revenue. Greater levels of research and development will expand the scope of stocks offered because new companies will spring up via IPOs, benefiting exchange demand. Nonetheless, continued threat from substitutes such as electronic communication networks (ECNs) will curtail larger growth, as better technology will enable investors to start trading independently, but effective use of electronic platforms by incumbent exchange giants such as NASDAQ Inc. can help stem this decline by offering faster processing via electronic trade floors and prioritizing client support. Overall, revenue is expected to grow an annualized 3.5% to an estimated $24.8 billion through the end of 2031.

The data gateway of the Food Security Portal contains over 12,000 datasets related to excessive price variability, COVID-19 food price monitoring, media analysis, high-frequency commodity prices, food security indicators, and others. Much of this data is available for 50 countries in the world and goes back over 50 years. We draw from the public, authoritative data sources like the World Bank, FAO, UNICEF, and others, as well as IFPRI's own data. In order to make the data contained on the site as useful as possible, it is available to freely download as a text file for human or as a JSON API for machines. Visitors to the site are welcome to download, aggregate, mash-up, and share this information as they like. For more information on the data license and how to use this data, please visit each dataset page. If you have any questions about the Data portal, our data collection techniques, or other related issues, please feel free to contact us (ifpri-fsp@cgiar.org) via email.

World Food production index measures the changes in the production of food commodity in a given year relative to base year in all countries. @OpenStat. I used dataset on World Bank data

Method of Computation. Food Production Index = (Production in the current year / Production in base year) * 100

https://databank.worldbank.org/reports.aspx?source=2&series=AG.PRD.FOOD.XD&country=#

This data repository provides the Food and Agriculture Biomass Input Output (FABIO) database, a global set of multi-regional physical supply-use and input-output tables covering global agriculture and forestry.

The work is based on mostly freely available data from FAOSTAT, IEA, EIA, and UN Comtrade/BACI. FABIO currently covers 191 countries + RoW, 118 processes and 125 commodities (raw and processed agricultural and food products) for 1986-2013. All R codes and auxilliary data are available on GitHub. For more information please refer to https://fabio.fineprint.global.

The database consists of the following main components, in compressed .rds format:

• Z: the inter-commodity input-output matrix, displaying the relationships of intermediate use of each commodity in the production of each commodity, in physical units (tons). The matrix has 24000 rows and columns (125 commodities x 192 regions), and is available in two versions, based on the method to allocate inputs to outputs in production processes: Z_mass (mass allocation) and Z_value (value allocation). Note that the row sums of the Z matrix (= total intermediate use by commodity) are identical in both versions.
• Y: the final demand matrix, denoting the consumption of all 24000 commodities by destination country and final use category. There are six final use categories (yielding 192 x 6 = 1152 columns): 1) food use, 2) other use (non-food), 3) losses, 4) stock addition, 5) balancing, and 6) unspecified.
• X: the total output vector of all 24000 commodities. Total output is equal to the sum of intermediate and final use by commodity.
• L: the Leontief inverse, computed as (I – A)^-1, where A is the matrix of input coefficients derived from Z and x. Again, there are two versions, depending on the underlying version of Z (L_mass and L_value).
• E: environmental extensions for each of the 24000 commodities, including four resource categories: 1) primary biomass extraction (in tons), 2) land use (in hectares), 3) blue water use (in m3)., and 4) green water use (in m3).
• mr_sup_mass/mr_sup_value: For each allocation method (mass/value), the supply table gives the physical supply quantity of each commodity by producing process, with processes in the rows (118 processes x 192 regions = 22656 rows) and commodities in columns (24000 columns).
• mr_use: the use table capture the quantities of each commodity (rows) used as an input in each process (columns).

A description of the included countries and commodities (i.e. the rows and columns of the Z matrix) can be found in the auxiliary file io_codes.csv. Separate lists of the country sample (including ISO3 codes and continental grouping) and commodities (including moisture content) are given in the files regions.csv and items.csv, respectively. For information on the individual processes, see auxiliary file su_codes.csv. RDS files can be opened in R. Information on how to read these files can be obtained here: https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/base/versions/3.6.2/topics/readRDS

Except of X.rds, which contains a matrix, all variables are organized as lists, where each element contains a sparse matrix. Please note that values are always given in physical units, i.e. tonnes or head, as specified in items.csv. The suffixes value and mass only indicate the form of allocation chosen for the construction of the symmetric IO tables (for more details see Bruckner et al. 2019). Product, process and country classifications can be found in the file fabio_classifications.xlsx.

Footprint results are not contained in the database but can be calculated, e.g. by using this script: https://github.com/martinbruckner/fabio_comparison/blob/master/R/fabio_footprints.R

How to cite:

To cite FABIO work please refer to this paper:

Bruckner, M., Wood, R., Moran, D., Kuschnig, N., Wieland, H., Maus, V., Börner, J. 2019. FABIO – The Construction of the Food and Agriculture Input–Output Model. Environmental Science & Technology 53(19), 11302–11312. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03554

License:

This data repository is distributed under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 License. You are free to share and adapt the material for non-commercial purposes using proper citation. If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original. In case you are interested in a collaboration, I am happy to receive enquiries at martin.bruckner@wu.ac.at.

Known issues:

The underlying FAO data have been manipulated to the minimum extent necessary. Data filling and supply-use balancing, yet, required some adaptations. These are documented in the code and are also reflected in the balancing item in the final demand matrices. For a proper use of the database, I recommend to distribute the balancing item over all other uses proportionally and to do analyses with and without balancing to illustrate uncertainties.

For over 30 years Mintec has been the leading provider of raw material market prices and analysis covering more than 14,000 food ingredients and non-food raw materials.

Ensuring they are best placed to reduce costs, manage risk and increase their efficiency, helping to maximise margins.

The Categories of coverage are: Beverages, Dairy & Eggs, Fish & Seafood, Food Ingredients, Fruit & Juices, Grains & Feed, Herbs Spices & Plants, Meat & Poultry, Nuts Seeds & Dried Fruit, Oilseeds Oils & Fats, Vegetables & Pulses. Chemicals, Economics, Energy & Transport, Industrial Materials, Metals & Ores, Plastics & Textiles, Pulp Paper & Wood.

From cost-modelling tools to price change reports, bespoke dashboards to custom alerts, our platform is designed to save time, reduce human error and drive more actionable and efficient outcomes.

Mintec enables the world's largest food, CPG, health & beauty and hospitality brands to implement more efficient & sustainable procurement strategies. Helping them to better track the price of their food ingredients and associated costs.

We do this by empowering our customers to better understand supplier prices, analyse their spend and negotiate with confidence to better control their costs.

What is it?

The “Regional self-reliance model of the New England food system” explores future scenarios of regional food self-reliance. In this model, self-reliance is defined as the ratio of production to consumption and can be expressed for individual commodities, food groups, or the overall diet. The model allows a user to define assumptions about diet composition and target self-reliance for different groups of foods. The model estimates the regional self-reliance across seven food groups (grains, vegetables, fruits, dairy, protein-rich foods, fats and oils, and sweeteners) and for the overall diet. In addition, the model calculates land requirements for producing the target amounts of food from New England agriculture. These estimates are presented beside data on current land use to place the results in context.

Why was it generated?

The model was generated as part of the New England Feeding New England (NEFNE) project. The central question of NEFNE was, "What would it take for 30% of the food consumed in New England to be regionally produced by 2030?" The model addresses the agricultural production capacity of the region, while accounting for the contribution of capture fisheries and aquaculture to food production. The purpose of the model is to estimate the production capacity of the region’s land resources to evaluate the land requirements of increasing regional self-reliance in food.

How was it generated?

A team of researchers collaborated to construct the model. The model builds on prior work on regional self-reliance, the human carrying capacity of agricultural resources, and analysis of livestock feed requirements. As described below, the model estimates the land requirements of supplying a given level of self-reliance, accounting for food needs, food losses and waste, livestock feed requirements, crop yields, and land availability.

Starting from the food consumption end of the food system, the model takes input data on food intake (in servings person^-1 day^-1) by food group (e.g., grains) and distributes consumption across primary food commodities from that food group (e.g., corn meal, wheat flour) in the Loss-Adjusted Food Supply. Intake for each primary food commodity is then converted into the equivalent quantity of agricultural commodity (in pounds year^-1) needed to supply the region with a sufficient amount of that commodity to meet the target level of self-reliance, at a given projected population size. This conversion accounts for the serving size of the commodity (in grams), losses at different stages of the food system, and processing conversions. For animal products, a further step is taken to convert the quantity of food consumed into equivalent quantities of crop biomass required to feed the requisite livestock. Land requirements for each food are determined by dividing the agricultural commodity (for plant foods) or crop biomass requirements (for animal products) by regional average yields for the appropriate crop(s).

Input data were collected from an array of secondary data sources, including, the Loss-Adjusted Food Supply, the Census of Agriculture, the New England Agricultural Bulletin, Major Land Uses, the Atlantic Coastal Cooperative Statistics Program Data Warehouse, and the NOAA Fisheries Landings data portal. Additional sources used to develop the model are cited in the workbook and reference information is provided in each worksheet. The unique contribution of the model is to organize the data in a form that permits exploration of alternative scenarios of diet, target self-reliance, and land availability for the New England region.

Wheat rose to 547 USd/Bu on July 18, 2025, up 2.53% from the previous day. Over the past month, Wheat's price has fallen 4.54%, but it is still 0.78% higher than a year ago, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Wheat - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

Timely and reliable monitoring of commodity food prices is an essential requirement for the assessment of market and food security risks and the establishment of early warning systems, especially in developing economies. However, data from regional or national systems for tracking changes of food prices in sub-Saharan Africa lacks the temporal or spatial richness and is often insufficient to inform targeted interventions. In addition to limited opportunity for [near-]real-time assessment of food prices, various stages in the commodity supply chain are mostly unrepresented, thereby limiting insights on stage-related price evolution. Yet, governments and market stakeholders rely on commodity price data to make decisions on appropriate interventions or commodity-focused investments. Recent rapid technological development indicates that digital devices and connectivity services are becoming affordable for many, including in remote areas of developing economies. This offers a great opportunity both for the harvesting of price data (via new data collection methodologies, such as crowdsourcing/crowdsensing — i.e. citizen-generated data — using mobile apps/devices), and for disseminating it (via web dashboards or other means) to provide real-time data that can support decisions at various levels and related policy-making processes. However, market information that aims at improving the functioning of markets and supply chains requires a continuous data flow as well as quality, accessibility and trust. More data does not necessarily translate into better information. Citizen-based data-generation systems are often confronted by challenges related to data quality and citizen participation, which may be further complicated by the volume of data generated compared to traditional approaches. Following the food price hikes during the first noughties of the 21st century, the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) started working on innovative methodologies for real-time food price data collection and analysis in developing countries. The work carried out so far includes a pilot initiative to crowdsource data from selected markets across several African countries, two workshops (with relevant stakeholders and experts), and the development of a spatial statistical quality methodology to facilitate the best possible exploitation of geo-located data. Based on the latter, the JRC designed the Food Price Crowdsourcing Africa (FPCA) project and implemented it within two states in Northern Nigeria. The FPCA is a credible methodology, based on the voluntary provision of data by a crowd (people living in urban, suburban, and rural areas) using a mobile app, leveraging monetary and non-monetary incentives to enhance contribution, which makes it possible to collect, analyse and validate, and disseminate staple food price data in real time across market segments. The granularity and high frequency of the crowdsourcing data open the door to real-time space-time analysis, which can be essential for policy and decision making and rapid response on specific geographic regions. Link to the project

The Pesticide Data Program (PDP) is a national pesticide residue database program. Through cooperation with State agriculture departments and other Federal agencies, PDP manages the collection, analysis, data entry, and reporting of pesticide residues on agricultural commodities in the U.S. food supply, with an emphasis on those commodities highly consumed by infants and children. This dataset provides information on where each tested sample was collected, where the product originated from, what type of product it was, and what residues were found on the product, for calendar years 1992 through 2020. The data can measure residues of individual compounds and classes of compounds, as well as provide information about the geographic distribution of the origin of samples, from growers, packers and distributors. The dataset also includes information on where the samples were taken, what laboratory was used to test them, and all testing procedures (by sample, so can be linked to the compound that is identified). The dataset also contains a reference variable for each compound that denotes the limit of detection for a pesticide/commodity pair (LOD variable). The metadata also includes EPA tolerance levels or action levels for each pesticide/commodity pair. The dataset will be updated on a continual basis, with a new resource data file added annually after the PDP calendar-year survey data is released. Resources in this dataset:Resource Title: CSV Data Dictionary for PDP. File Name: PDP_DataDictionary.csvResource Description: Machine-readable Comma Separated Values (CSV) format data dictionary for PDP Database Zip files. Defines variables for the sample identity and analytical results data tables/files. The ## characters in the Table and Text Data File name refer to the 2-digit year for the PDP survey, like 97 for 1997 or 01 for 2001. For details on table linking, see PDF. Resource Software Recommended: Microsoft Excel,url: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/excel Resource Title: Data dictionary for Pesticide Data Program. File Name: PDP DataDictionary.pdfResource Description: Data dictionary for PDP Database Zip files.Resource Software Recommended: Adobe Acrobat,url: https://www.adobe.com Resource Title: 2019 PDP Database Zip File. File Name: 2019PDPDatabase.zipResource Title: 2018 PDP Database Zip File. File Name: 2018PDPDatabase.zipResource Title: 2017 PDP Database Zip File. File Name: 2017PDPDatabase.zipResource Title: 2016 PDP Database Zip File. File Name: 2016PDPDatabase.zipResource Title: 2015 PDP Database Zip File. File Name: 2015PDPDatabase.zipResource Title: 2014 PDP Database Zip File. File Name: 2014PDPDatabase.zipResource Title: 2013 PDP Database Zip File. File Name: 2013PDPDatabase.zipResource Title: 2012 PDP Database Zip File. File Name: 2012PDPDatabase.zipResource Title: 2011 PDP Database Zip File. File Name: 2011PDPDatabase.zipResource Title: 2010 PDP Database Zip File. File Name: 2010PDPDatabase.zipResource Title: 2009 PDP Database Zip File. File Name: 2009PDPDatabase.zipResource Title: 2008 PDP Database Zip File. File Name: 2008PDPDatabase.zipResource Title: 2007 PDP Database Zip File. File Name: 2007PDPDatabase.zipResource Title: 2005 PDP Database Zip File. File Name: 2005PDPDatabase.zipResource Title: 2004 PDP Database Zip File. File Name: 2004PDPDatabase.zipResource Title: 2003 PDP Database Zip File. File Name: 2003PDPDatabase.zipResource Title: 2002 PDP Database Zip File. File Name: 2002PDPDatabase.zipResource Title: 2001 PDP Database Zip File. File Name: 2001PDPDatabase.zipResource Title: 2000 PDP Database Zip File. File Name: 2000PDPDatabase.zipResource Title: 1999 PDP Database Zip File. File Name: 1999PDPDatabase.zipResource Title: 1998 PDP Database Zip File. File Name: 1998PDPDatabase.zipResource Title: 1997 PDP Database Zip File. File Name: 1997PDPDatabase.zipResource Title: 1996 PDP Database Zip File. File Name: 1996PDPDatabase.zipResource Title: 1995 PDP Database Zip File. File Name: 1995PDPDatabase.zipResource Title: 1994 PDP Database Zip File. File Name: 1994PDPDatabase.zipResource Title: 1993 PDP Database Zip File. File Name: 1993PDPDatabase.zipResource Title: 1992 PDP Database Zip File. File Name: 1992PDPDatabase.zipResource Title: 2006 PDP Database Zip File. File Name: 2006PDPDatabase.zipResource Title: 2020 PDP Database Zip File. File Name: 2020PDPDatabase.zipResource Description: Data and supporting files for PDP 2020 surveyResource Software Recommended: Microsoft Access,url: https://products.office.com/en-us/access

Help prepare the UK for the new EU Plant Health regime proposals that are expected to require commodity risk assessments for some new potential trades in plants for planting.

Summary of Commodity Price Relationships Across Data Sources.

Timely and reliable monitoring of commodity food prices is an essential requirement for assessing market and food security risks and establishing early warning systems, especially in developing economies. However, data from regional or national systems for tracking changes in food prices in sub-Saharan Africa lacks the temporal or spatial richness and is often insufficient to inform targeted interventions. In addition to limited opportunity for [near-]real-time assessment of food prices, various stages in the commodity supply chain are mostly unrepresented, thereby limiting insights on stage-related price evolution. Yet, governments and market stakeholders rely on commodity price data to make decisions on appropriate interventions or commodity-focused investments. Recent rapid technological development indicates that digital devices and connectivity services are becoming affordable for many, including in remote areas of developing economies. This offers a great opportunity for harvesting price data (via new data collection methodologies, such as crowdsourcing/crowdsensing — i.e. citizen-generated data — using mobile apps/devices) and disseminating it (via web dashboards or other means) in real-time. This real-time data can support decisions at various levels and related policy-making processes. However, market information that aims at improving the functioning of markets and supply chains requires a continuous data flow as well as quality, accessibility and trust. More data does not necessarily translate into better information. Citizen-based data-generation systems are often confronted by challenges related to data quality and citizen participation, which may be further complicated by the volume of data generated compared to traditional approaches. Following the food price hikes during the first noughties of the 21st century, the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) started working on innovative methodologies for real-time food price data collection and analysis in developing countries. The work carried out so far includes a pilot initiative to crowdsource data from selected markets across several African countries, two workshops (with relevant stakeholders and experts), and the development of a spatial statistical quality methodology to facilitate the best possible exploitation of geo-located data. Based on the latter, the JRC designed the Food Price Crowdsourcing Africa (FPCA) project and implemented it initially within two states in Northern Nigeria, then expanded to two further states. The FPCA is a credible methodology, based on the voluntary provision of data by a crowd (people living in urban, suburban, and rural areas) using a mobile app, leveraging monetary and non-monetary incentives to enhance contribution, which makes it possible to collect, analyse and validate, and disseminate staple food price data in real time across market segments. The granularity and high frequency of the crowdsourcing data open the door to real-time space-time analysis, which can be essential for policy and decision making and rapid response on specific geographic regions.

Overview This comprehensive dataset offers an in-depth look at the financial performance of five major entities within the coffee industry from 2014 to 2024 (up to May 8, 2024). Included are stock prices of Keurig Dr Pepper, Starbucks, J.M. Smucker, Luckin Coffee, and Nestlé, paired with the corresponding periodical commodity prices for coffee. This data facilitates robust analyses including time series analysis, correlation studies, volatility analysis, and Vector Autoregression (VAR) analysis.

Key Companies Profiled Keurig Dr Pepper (KDP) and J.M. Smucker: These companies are leaders in the North American coffee market, known for their extensive portfolios of coffee products. Their data can provide insights into market strategies and financial health in response to fluctuating coffee prices. Starbucks: As a global leader in coffee retail, Starbucks' data reflects trends in consumer coffee consumption worldwide, offering a unique view of the retail sector's dynamics. Luckin Coffee: Representing a rapidly growing market, Luckin Coffee's data highlights the expansion and consumer trends within the Chinese coffee market. Nestlé: This global giant provides a broader perspective on how multinational food and beverage companies adapt to global commodity price changes, with a particular focus on coffee.

Applications of the Dataset This dataset is ideal for researchers, economists, and data scientists interested in: Market Trend Analysis: Understand how global events and market forces influence coffee prices and, in turn, affect company stocks. Consumer Behaviour Studies: Analyse consumption patterns across different regions, especially with a focus on the burgeoning Asian markets. Risk Management and Forecasting: Develop models to predict future trends and prepare risk management strategies for companies within the food and beverage sector. Sustainability Studies: Explore how price volatility relates to environmental factors and sustainability initiatives.

The Commodity Generation White Feathered Chicken market has emerged as a cornerstone of the global poultry industry, known for its efficient production and high-quality meat. These chickens, characterized by their white feathers and robust growth rates, play a crucial role in meeting the rising demand for poultry pr

The Agricultural Commodities Testing market plays a crucial role in the global food supply chain, ensuring that agricultural products meet safety, quality, and regulatory standards. This market encompasses a range of testing services aimed at assessing the quality, quantity, and authenticity of agricultural commodit

https://data.apps.fao.org/catalog/dataset/3392bf08-35ed-4354-b5dd-a22707ffe4d1/resource/342d547e-93d1-487a-a2ca-7d1b5900c41c/download/market-prices.jpeg" alt="">

Agricultural commodity prices are an indicator of changes in supply and demand, and as such, can detect abnormal conditions that need to be brought to attention. Price monitoring supports well-functioning international and national markets through the provision of timely and transparent market information, and constitutes a basis for evidence-based decision making and food security strategies. Past price volatility events have put in evidence the value of timely market information and analysis in order to mitigate the negative effects on low-income groups of population whose expenditure on food represents a large proportion of their total expenses. FAO plays a key role in monitoring, analysing and disseminating food price data along the food supply chain, from producer to consumer through both domestic as well as international markets.

A statistical summary of agriculture related data based on the Census of Agriculture including:

• hired farm labour
• area grown of major field crops
• number of livestock and poultry on farms
• area of major fruit crops
• area harvested of major vegetable crops
• area of greenhouse crops
• machinery on farms
• farm capital value
• farm income and top commodities in terms of market receipts.

The raw primary commodity model:

Dietary exposure is typically calculated by combining food consumption data with occurrence data. EFSA’s food consumption data are stored in the Comprehensive European Food Consumption Database (Comprehensive Database). Some of these data, however, cannot be used in exposure assessments when the occurrence data are reported for the raw primary commodities (RPCs). The RPC model aims to bridge this gap by transforming the Comprehensive Database into RPC consumption data. Using the RPC model, EFSA successfully developed a new RPC Consumption Database, which contains 51 dietary surveys from 23 different countries. These surveys cover a total of 94,532 subjects and 26,573,088 RPC consumption records. The consumption data generated by the RPC model were manually checked and validated by means of case studies. These case studies demonstrated that the RPC consumption data are suitable for assessing dietary exposure to chemicals where the occurrence data are predominantly available for RPCs.

Annex B to the technical report on the raw primary commodity model:

Annex B is an excel file which presents summary statistics of the output data generated by the RPC model. The following tables are included in Annex B:

Table B.1 :Summary statistics of chronic RPC consumption expressed in g/kg bw per day (total population)

Table B.2 :Summary statistics of chronic RPC consumption expressed in g/day (total population)

Table B.3 :Summary statistics of acute RPC consumption expressed in g/kg bw (consumers only)

Table B.4 :Summary statistics of acute RPC consumption expressed in g (consumers only)

Table B.5 :Comparison of the RPC consumption data with RPC consumption data used in EFSA's Pesticides Residues Intake Model (PRIMo)

Table B.6 :Contribution of processed products to the average chronic RPC consumption

IntroductionThe scarcity of resources have affected food production, which has challenged the ability of Iran to provide adequate food for the population. Iterative and mounting sanctions on Iran by the international community have seriously eroded Iran's access to agricultural technology and resources to support a growing population. Limited moisture availability also affects Iran's agricultural production. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of inflation, international sanctions, weather disturbances, and domestic crop production on the price of rice, wheat and lentils from 2010 to 2021 in Iran.MethodData were obtained from the statistical yearbooks of the Ministry of Agriculture in Iran, Statistical Center of Iran, and the Central Bank of Iran. We analyzed econometric measures of food prices, including CPI, food inflation, subsidy reform plan and sanctions to estimate economic relationships. After deflating the food prices through CPI and detrending the time series to resolve the non-linear issue, we used monthly Climate Hazards group Infrared Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) precipitation data to analyze the influence of weather disturbances on food prices.Results and discussionThe price of goods not only provides an important indicator of the balance between agricultural production and market demand, but also has strong impacts on food affordability and food security. This novel study used a combination of economic and climate factors to analyze the food prices in Iran. Our statistical modeling framework found that the monthly precipitation on domestic food prices, and ultimately food access, in the country is much less important than the international sanctions, lowering Iran's productive capability and negatively impacting its food security.