The displayed data on experiencing violence in football stadiums shows results of the Statista European Football Benchmark conducted in England in 2018. Some ** percent of respondents stated that they had experienced violence from violent or rioting fans.

As of January 2023, there was mixed public opinion in the United States on whether football was too violent. The largest share of survey participants who agreed that the sport was too brutal came from individuals aged 65 and years older, with ** percent of this generation believing as such.

Fan aggression is a societal problem that affects many sports clubs worldwide. It should be handled in all dimensions to prevent individual and social aggression in sports environments. The study aims to examine the factors affecting the aggression levels of football fans. The study sample consisted of 909 people, 474 males, and 435 females. In addition to the personal information form, the "Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire" and "Football Fanaticism Scale" were used as data collection tools. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis was used to determine the relationships between variables, and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis was used to examine the predictive power of independent variables on aggression. The results show that aggression predicts fanaticism positively, team identity, age, and education level negatively. As a result, it can be said that fanaticism, team identity, age, education level, and gender are the main predictors of aggression (40%).

Brazilian football fans and torcidas organizadas

When asked about their opinions on the most appropriate penalty for National Football League players accused of domestic violence, ** percent of survey participants from the United States were in favor of a permanent ban from playing in the league. Meanwhile, **** percent of respondents in the January 2023 survey did not believe a penalty was required for this offense.

British football fans completed this correlational survey. Willingness to lay down one’s life for a group of non-kin, well documented historically and ethnographically, represents an evolutionary puzzle. Building on research in social psychology, we develop a mathematical model showing how conditioning cooperation on previous shared experience can allow individually costly pro-group behavior to evolve. The model generates a series of predictions that we then test empirically in a range of special sample populations (including military veterans, college fraternity/sorority members, football fans, martial arts practitioners, and twins). Our empirical results show that sharing painful experiences produces “identity fusion” – a visceral sense of oneness – which in turn can motivate self-sacrifice, including willingness to fight and die for the group. Practically, our account of how shared dysphoric experiences produce identity fusion helps us better understand such pressing social issues as suicide terrorism, holy wars, sectarian violence, gang-related violence, and other forms of intergroup conflict. Some of the greatest atrocities have been caused by groups defending or advancing their political aspirations and sacred values. In order to comprehend and address the wanton violence of war, terrorism and genocide, it is necessary to understand the forces that bind and drive human groups. This five year programme of research investigates one of the most powerful mechanisms by which groups may be formed, inspired, and coordinated: ritual. Studying how children learn the rituals of their communities will shed light on the various ways in which rituals promote social cohesion within the group and distrust of groups with different ritual traditions. Qualitative field research and controlled psychological experiments will be conducted in a number of troubled regions (including Northern Ireland, the Middle East, Nepal, and Colombia) to explore the effects of ritual participation on ingroup cohesion and outgroup hostility in both general populations and armed groups. New databases will be constructed to explore the relationship between ritual, resource extraction patterns, and group structure and scale over the millennia. These interdisciplinary projects will be undertaken by international teams of anthropologists, psychologists, historians, archaeologists, and evolutionary theorists. For this study, participants of all Premier League teams were given the opportunity to participate to prevent the research purpose being revealed. However, the study was predominantly advertised to the relevant teams’ fan groups (five consistent winners, and five perennial losers). An online questionnaire was advertised across social media (i.e. Facebook, Twitter), on online fan forum groups, dedicated fan blogs and across student networks. The online nature of the study allowed the research to reflect the cross-national diversity of the cohort, as teams from across the UK were included. A £100 prize was offered as an incentive to complete the study.

This research project analysed the impact of public order policing strategies upon levels of 'hooliganism' at the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) European Championships in Portugal in June and July 2004 (Euro 2004). The project combined two methodological approaches, structured observation and ethnography, to collect data on police and fans during the event. The research was used to address three specific issues. Firstly, it aimed to understand the psychological processes and intergroup dynamics underlying both the presence and absence of 'disorder' in the context of international football. Secondly, it was used to evaluate the effectiveness of police strategies and tactics used to prevent crowd disorder, and finally, it attempted to develop the relationship between science and practice in the realm of public order by providing an empirically-based approach to the safety and security planning of future international football tournaments.

The statistic shows the number of fans willing to resort to violence in the first Bundesliga in Germany from 2004/05 to 2018/19. The estimated number of persons who were prepared for violence in 2018/19 was ***** (persons in category B), an increase compared to the last 2 years.

A January 2023 conducted in the United States investigated public opinion on the most appropriate penalty for National Football League players who were accused of domestic violence. Looking at the gender distribution of responses, nearly half of all female survey participants believed a permanent ban was required for the offense, whereas ** percent of male respondents held the same view.

According to a January 2023 survey which illustrated public opinion on the most appropriate penalty for National Football League players accused of domestic violence, ** percent of white respondents from the United States were in favor of a permanent ban from playing in the competition. Meanwhile, ** percent of African American/Black respondents held the same view.

Violence among soccer fans is not uncommon in Colombia. Between 2008 and 2020, for example, a total of *** soccer fans died as a result of hostilities outside of the soccer field. Up to ** murder victims and ** perpetrators were fans of the Colombian soccer club América de Cali. Atlético Nacional from Medellín followed second in the infamous ranking, with ** of its fans assassinated and ** fans charged or found guilty of homicide in that period. This soccer club had also the largest number of fans in Colombia in 2019.