UK residents by individual countries of birth and citizenship, broken down by UK country, local authority, unitary authority, metropolitan and London boroughs, and counties. Estimates from the Annual Population Survey.

In 2020/21 there were approximately 696,000 Polish nationals living in the United Kingdom, the highest non-British population at this time. Indian and Irish were the joint second-largest nationalities at approximately 370,000 people.

In 2021, there were approximately ******* Indian residents living in London, the most of any foreign nationality. Nigerian nationals numbered *******, and were the second most common nationality in this year.

This report was released in September 2010. However, recent demographic data is available on the datastore - you may find other datasets on the Datastore useful such as: GLA Population Projections, National Insurance Number Registrations of Overseas Nationals, Births by Birthplace of Mother, Births and Fertility Rates, Office for National Statistics (ONS) Population Estimates

FOCUSON**LONDON**2010:**POPULATION**AND**MIGRATION**

London is the United Kingdom’s only city region. Its population of 7.75 million is 12.5 per cent of the UK population living on just 0.6 per cent of the land area. London’s average population density is over 4,900 persons per square kilometre, this is ten times that of the second most densely populated region.

Between 2001 and 2009 London’s population grew by over 430 thousand, more than any other region, accounting for over 16 per cent of the UK increase.

This report discusses in detail the population of London including Population Age Structure, Fertility and Mortality, Internal Migration, International Migration, Population Turnover and Churn, and Demographic Projections.

Population and Migration report is the first release of the Focus on London 2010-12 series. Reports on themes such as Income, Poverty, Labour Market, Skills, Health, and Housing are also available.

REPORT:

Read the full report in PDF format.

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PRESENTATION:

To access an interactive presentation about population changes in London click the link to see it on Prezi.com

DATA:

To access a spreadsheet with all the data from the Population and Migration report click on the image below.

Report data

MAP:

To enter an interactive map showing a number of indicators discussed in the Population and Migration report click on the image below.

Interactive Maps

FACTS:

● Top five boroughs for babies born per 10,000 population in 2008-09:

1. Newham – 244.4
2. Barking and Dagenham – 209.3
3. Hackney – 205.7
4. Waltham Forest – 202.7
5. Greenwich – 196.2

-32. Havering – 116.8

-33. City of London – 47.0

● In 2009, Barnet overtook Croydon as the most populous London borough. Prior to this Croydon had been the largest since 1966

● Population per hectare of land used for Domestic building and gardens is highest in Tower Hamlets

● In 2008-09, natural change (births minus deaths) led to 78,000 more Londoners compared with only 8,000 due to migration. read more about this or click play on the chart below to reveal how regional components of populations change have altered over time.

In the first quarter of 2025, approximately 82.4 percent of people born in the European Union but living in the UK were employed, compared with 74.6 percent for the UK-born population, and 74.1 percent for people outside the EU and UK. Since 2006, the employment rate for people born in the EU has consistently been higher than UK nationals and non-EU nationals.

On 17th November 2011 the Office for National Statistics (ONS) as part of their Migration Statistics Improvement Programme (MSIP) released their improved methodology for producing local authority long-term migration estimates within England and Wales.

This Update presents a brief overview of the improved migration methodology adopted by the ONS in respect to its impact on migration and population estimates.

• Improvements to the immigration distributional methodology has impacted on both the estimated number of migrants and total population between 2006 and 2010.

• The number of immigrants in London as a result is estimated to have risen by 129.8 thousand (2006 to 2010) compared to previous figures.

• Ten London boroughs are in the top 20 local authorities for upward indicative revisions in their population estimates.

Open the report here

or Download the data here

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This is a .csv file containing an export obtained from the Altmetric Explorer containing metadata including links and altmetrics of 1,095 articles with the keyword 'immigrants’ mentioned at least once in the sources tracked by Altmetric in the past 1 year. This is the result of a 'dumb search' for the keyword "immigrants" in all articles mentioned across all sources tracked by Altmetric during the past 1 year. Therefore data in the dataset will require manual refining depending on your interests. (For example the term can be used in relation to animals, not humans). The dataset is also likely to require deduplication. This dataset is shared as the British Prime Minister David Cameron has been reported warning that "illegal immigrants would be removed from the UK". This dataset is shared as a .csv file as a means to offer a bibliographic collection of academic/scientific articles including the keyword "immigrants" and to have a fixed data point documenting the articles with the keyword 'immigrants' tracked by Altmetric and their metrics as of 30 July 2015 at around 9:30 AM BST. The links and metrics included in the dataset were correct at the time of exporting the report. Metrics are expected to change in reports obtained at later dates. Hopefully the sharing of this dataset can encourage research into which of these articles about immigration are available open access and which ones are not, as well as the tracking of future changes in their metrics. With gratitude to Altmetric for enabling access to the data.

In 2024, approximately 948,000 million people migrated to the United Kingdom, while 517,000 people migrated from the UK, resulting in a net migration figure of 431,000. There have consistently been more people migrating to the United Kingdom than leaving it since 1993 when the net migration figure was negative 1,000. Although migration from the European Union has declined since the Brexit vote of 2016, migration from non-EU countries accelerated rapidly from 2021 onwards. In the year to June 2023, 968,000 people from non-EU countries migrated to the UK, compared with 129,000 from EU member states. Immigration and the 2024 election Since late 2022, immigration, along with the economy and healthcare, has consistently been seen by UK voters as one of the top issues facing the country. Despite a pledge to deter irregular migration via small boats, and controversial plans to send asylum applicants to Rwanda while their claims are being processed, Rishi Sunak's Conservative government lost the trust of the public on this issue. On the eve of the last election, 20 percent of Britons thought the Labour Party would be the best party to handle immigration, compared with 13 percent who thought the Conservatives would handle it better. Sunak and the Conservatives went on to lose this election, suffering their worst defeat in modern elections. Historical context of migration The first humans who arrived in the British Isles, were followed by acts of conquest and settlement from Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Danes, and Normans. In the early modern period, there were also significant waves of migration from people fleeing religious or political persecution, such as the French Huguenots. More recently, large numbers of people also left Britain. Between 1820 and 1957, for example, around 4.5 million people migrated from Britain to America. After World War Two, immigration from Britain's colonies and former colonies was encouraged to meet labour demands. A key group that migrated from the Caribbean between the late 1940s and early 1970s became known as the Windrush generation, named after one of the ships that brought the arrivals to Britain.

This series is comprised of seven estray documents (that is, documents which have at some point been removed from their official custody) relating to German immigration to the Port Phillip District in 1849.

In light of the purpose and contents of the documents (see below) it is unclear how or why they came to be collected together or when they came into the custody of the Public Record Office. They have been registered as one series because they relate to the same subject matter.

The Superintendent of the Port Phillip District (VA 473) has been shown as the agency recording this series. It is probable that the passenger lists were written or collected by the Immigration Branch of the Superintendent's office. The correspondence, although written by the Superintendent, was almost certainly a part of the correspondence system of the New South Wales Colonial Secretary to whom it was sent.

Between February and April 1849 three ships arrived in Port Phillip from Hamburg, Germany, carrying between them 309 German immigrants. The immigrants' arrival initiated numerous communications between officials in Port Phillip, Sydney and London because the proprietors of the voyages claimed the bounty which the government offered for certain categories of immigrants arriving in the Port Phillip District. Such financial assistance was usually not payable for non-British immigrants unless they fell within certain approved occupational categories. Most of the German immigrants on board the three ships did not fall into these categories.

There are two types of documents in this series. There are four original letters to the New South Wales Colonial Secretary; three from the Superintendent of the Port Phillip District and one from the Agent for Immigration in Sydney. The letters all relate to the application for bounty made by the managers of the ships which transported German immigrants to Port Phillip.

Annotations on the letters indicate that they were received by the New South Wales Colonial Secretary and incorporated into the registry system of that Office (see below). It is not known when or why they were removed from the Colonial Secretary's correspondence system and returned to Victoria.

There are also three lists of German immigrants who arrived in 1849; one for each of the three ships. It seems most likely that the lists were compiled at the time the ships arrived in Port Phillip either by the ships' masters as the basis of their claim for bounty or by immigration officials in port.

The lists do not appear to be attachments to the correspondence described above, however a consolidated list of passengers on the three ships forms the attachment to one of the letters and may have been compiled from these lists.

Each list details the names of immigrants, their calling (occupation, trade or status), age, native place, religion, whether they could read and/or write and whether they were in possession of a Bible. The lists also give details of births and deaths during the voyage.

In 2024, there were ***** Albanians imprisoned in England and Wales, the highest foreign nationality in that year. Additionally, there were *** Polish nationals in jail, and *** Romanians, the second, and third-highest among foreign nationalities.

Abstract: Adopting a Complex perspective to language, this study explores the correlation between length of residence (LOR) in London and the production of word-initial English voiceless stops by late south Brazilian bilinguals who have an integrative motivation towards the host language and culture. To this end, 12 immigrants are compared to 10 standard southern British English monolinguals. Acoustic analysis of VOT duration is reported. Results demonstrated that immigrants’ VOT values for English are positively correlated with LOR. Bilinguals with the longest LOR revealed a production of English VOT within the range expected for the controls. These findings can be interpreted as evidence for language as a Complex Adaptive System, and for the hypothesis that the neuroplasticity and the cognitive mechanisms for language development remain intact during the lifespan.

Themes, subthemes and concepts.

Das SCIP Projekt (“Causes and Consequences of Socio-Cultural Integration Processes among New Immigrants in Europe”) untersucht soziokulturelle Aspekte von Migrationsverläufen. Befragt wurden neue Einwanderer aus verschiedenen ethnischen Gruppen in vier europäischen Ländern: Deutschland, Großbritannien, Irland und die Niederlande. Die Forschungsfragen der Studie lauten: (a) Ist die soziokulturelle Integration eine Folge oder die Ursache der strukturellen Integration von Migranten (beispielsweise in den Arbeitsmarkt)? (b) Welche gruppenspezifischen Unterschiede gibt es bei den Integrationsprozessen und wieso? Da es um kürzlich angekommene Immigranten geht, fokussiert das SCIP Projekt eine besonders dynamische Phase des Integrationsprozesses. Das Projekt legt den Grundstein für ein „Europäisches Neue Immigranten Panel“, vergleichbar mit Immigranten Befragungen in traditionellen Einwanderungsländern, wie den USA.

Es gab zwei Befragungswellen von Immigrantengruppen, die sich in mehreren Aspekten, wie Religion (Katholiken versus Muslime), dem sozialen Status (mittel- hochqualifizierte versus gering qualifizierte Migranten) und ihrem rechtlichen Status (EU-Bürger versus Nicht-EU-Bürger) unterscheiden. In allen vier Ländern wurden kürzlich angekommene Immigranten aus Polen interviewt, Immigranten aus der Türkei (Deutschland und Niederlande), den Antillen (Niederlande), Bulgarien (Niederlande), Marokko (Niederlande), Suriname (Niederlande), und Pakistan (Großbritannien). In einem Mini Panel Design wurden alle Einwanderer erstmals, spätestens zwölf Monate nach ihrer Ankunft interviewt (1. Welle). Ein zweites Interview folgte eineinhalb Jahre später (2. Welle).

Zur Vergleichbarkeit der Angaben über die Zeit wurden Merkmale über den Zeitpunkt vor und nach der Migration erhoben. Zusätzlich wurden Fragen aus etablierten Umfragen, wie dem New Immigrant Survey, dem European Social Survey und dem World Value Survey übernommen, um vergleichende Analysen zu ermöglichen.

Themen: 1. Sprach- und Integrationsbemühung: Sprachkenntnisse und Anwendung; Sprechen einer dritten Sprache; Teilnahme an Integrationskursen. 2. Identität und Exklusion: kulturelle Teilnahme und Identifikation (Belonging); Gefühl akzeptiert zu werden; erfahrene Diskriminierung; Zufriedenheit mit der Migrationsentscheidung und der aktuellen Situation; Wahrnehmung der kulturellen Vereinbarkeit; Akkulturationsbemühungen; politische Einstellung; Einstellung zur Demokratie. 3. Religion: Religionszugehörigkeit; Ort, Art und Umfang der Religionsausübung; Religionszugehörigkeit des Partners. 4. Soziale Integration: Wechselwirkung mit ethnischer Herkunft und sozialer Integration im Zielland; soziale Teilhabe; soziales Netzwerk (Stärke und Dichte der Beziehungen). 5. Strukturelle Integration: Bildung des Befragten und des Partners; berufliche Situation des Befragten und des Partners; Rücküberweisungen von Geld ins Herkunftsland (Remittances).

Demographie und Migrationsbiographie: Geschlecht; Geburtsjahr; Geburtsland; Staatsangehörigkeit; Erwerbsstatus; Familiensituation; stabile Partnerschaft; Haushaltsmerkmale; Migrationsbiographie und Motive; rechtliche Situation; Migrationsbiographie und rechtliche Situation des Partners; Lebenssituation und Zusammensetzung der Nachbarschaft.

Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Befragten-ID; Panel Welle; Erhebungsmethode; ethnische Gruppenzugehörigkeit des Befragten; Interviewer-ID; Disposition-Code; Interviewdatum und Zeit; Interviewdauer; Missing-Anteil im Fall; kontaktiert durch den Interviewer; Interview vollendet.

Interviewerrating: Einfache Durchführung des Interviews (Interviewer und Befragter); Anwesenheit Dritter während des Interviews; Person, die Fragen zum Partner beantwortet hat; Anwesenheit des Partners während der Partnerfragen; Probleme den Befragungshaushalt zu finden; Kooperationsbereitschaft des Befragten; weitere Anmerkungen.

Tasks used in the present study, and previously-found cultural differences.

39.8% of workers from the Indian ethnic group were in 'professional' jobs in 2021 – the highest percentage out of all ethnic groups in this role.

Means and standard deviations are raw values before transformation. Unstandardised regression coefficients estimate the difference denoted in the column heading, with 95% confidence intervals in square brackets. Note that in the regressions several measures are logged, and some models are non-linear (see text for details), so coefficients should not be compared across models/measures. Differences comprising CIs that do not cross zero are shown in bold. 1st gen = 1st generation British Bangladeshi, 2nd gen = 2nd generation British BangladeshiFor categorisation, higher values indicate holistic cognition, lower indicate analytic.

On 31 March 2024, 91.6% of police officers were White, and 8.4% were from Asian, Black, Mixed, and Other ethnic backgrounds.

Summary of predicted models used in model comparison.