Forests cover large areas of Canada but only some of these forests are actively managed. The Map of Forest Management in Canada provides a generalized classification of forest management in Canada, including: protected areas, Treaty/Settlement Lands (including Treaty Lands identified in Final Agreements, Land Claim Agreements and Settlements), Indian Reserves, other federal reserves (including military training areas), provincial and territorial reserves and restricted use areas, private lands, short- and long-term Crown forest tenure areas and areas with no current Crown timber dispositions. The Managed Forest Map of Canada dataset provides a wall-to-wall classification of lands in Canada. It does not differentiate areas of forest from non-forest. The Managed Forest Map of Canada differs from maps defining the area designated as “managed forest” for greenhouse gas inventory reporting purposes and does not replace those maps. Instead, the Managed Forest Map of Canada shows areas that are currently managed, as of June 2017, and provides generalized management type classification for those areas. Collaborating agencies plan to update the dataset periodically as needed, and remain open to receiving advice from experts concerning refinement priorities for future versions.

This publication contains a raster maps at 250 m resolution of the merchantable volume (m3/ha) of the mature Canadian forest available for harvesting in the next 20 years (2011 to 2031). The maps were produced from remote sensing products at a spatial resolution of 250 m on the MODIS pixel grid and 30 m on the Landsat pixel grid. More specifically, we used forest attribute data at the 250 m pixel for the years 2001 and 2011 (Beaudoin et al 2014 and 2018) combined with forest cover changes for the years 1985 to 2015 at 30 m (Guindon et al. 2017 and 2018). The map of mature forests in Canada was prepared at the forest management unit (FMU) level and therefore exclude private lands. To be considered mature (i.e. available for cutting in the next 20 years), the forest pixels of Beaudoin et al. (2018) was to have a merchantable volume per ha equal to or greater than 80% of the average merchantable volume of the pixels that were harvested between 2001 and 2011 per forest management unit. A scientific article gives additional details on the methodology: Barrette J, Paré D, Manka F, Guindon L, Bernier P, Titus B. 2018. Forecasting the spatial distribution of logging residues in Canada’s managed forests. Can. J. For. Res. 48: http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/cjfr-2018-0080 Reference for this dataset: Barrette J, Paré D, Manka F, Guindon L, Bernier P, Titus B. 2018. Forecasting the spatial distribution of logging residues in Canada’s managed forests. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Quebec, Canada. https://doi.org/10.23687/dd94871a-9a20-47f5-825b-768518140f35

Contained within the Atlas of Canada Poster Map Series, is a poster which shows the location of boreal forest in Canada. The two sided poster graphically depicts the importance of the boreal forest as a dynamic system of shrubs, trees, herbs, mosses, micro-organisms, insects and animals interacting among themselves and with rock, soil, water and air. The history and economy of the forest is overviewed from 8,000 years ago to today. The boreal forest is a huge, resilient and constantly changing ecosystem, driven by the long term succession of tree species and the animals which inhabit them. The poster map graphically depicts the challenges of sustainable forest management of this beautiful and expansive resource. The Boreal Forest Poster Map is jointly published by the Canadian Forest Service and Geomatics Canada of the Department of Natural Resources Canada and Canadian Geographic Enterprises, publisher of Canadian Geographic magazine.

Forests cover large areas of Canada but only some of these forests are actively managed. The Map of Forest Management in Canada provides a generalized classification of forest management in Canada, including: protected areas, Treaty/Settlement Lands (including Treaty Lands identified in Final Agreements, Land Claim Agreements and Settlements), Indian Reserves, other federal reserves (including military training areas), provincial and territorial reserves and restricted use areas, private lands, short- and long-term Crown forest tenure areas and areas with no current Crown timber dispositions. The Managed Forest Map of Canada dataset provides a wall-to-wall classification of lands in Canada. It does not differentiate areas of forest from non-forest. The Managed Forest Map of Canada differs from maps defining the area designated as “managed forest” for greenhouse gas inventory reporting purposes and does not replace those maps. Instead, the Managed Forest Map of Canada shows areas that are currently managed, as of June 2017, and provides generalized management type classification for those areas. Collaborating agencies plan to update the dataset periodically as needed, and remain open to receiving advice from experts concerning refinement priorities for future versions.

This data set provides forest age map products at 1-km resolution for Canada and the United States (U.S.A.). These continental forest age maps were compiled from forest inventory data, historical fire data, optical satellite data, and the images from NASA’s Landsat Ecosystem Disturbance Adaptive Processing System (LEDAPS) project. These input data products have various sources and creation dates as described in the source paper by Pan et al. (2011). Canadian maps were produced with data available through 2004 and U.S.A. maps with data available through 2006. A supplementary map of the standard deviations for age estimates was developed for quantifying uncertainty.Note that the Pan et al. (2011) paper is included as a companion file with this data set and was the source of descriptions in the guide.Forest age, implicitly reflecting the past disturbance legacy, is a simple and direct surrogate for the time since disturbance and may be used in various forest carbon analyses that concern the impact of disturbances. By combining geographic information about forest age with estimated carbon dynamics by forest type, it is possible to conduct a simple but powerful analysis of the net CO2 uptake by forests, and the potential for increasing (or decreasing) this rate as a result of direct human intervention in the disturbance/age status.

This data publication contains two collections of raster maps of forest attributes across Canada, the first collection for year 2001, and the second for year 2011. The 2001 collection is actually an improved version of an earlier set of maps produced also for year 2001 (Beaudoin et al 2014, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2013-0401) that is itself available through the web site “http://nfi-nfis.org”. Each collection contains 93 maps of forest attributes: four land cover classes, 11 continuous stand-level structure variables such as age, volume, biomass and height, and 78 continuous values of percent composition for tree species or genus. The mapping was done at a spatial resolution of 250m along the MODIS grid. Briefly the method uses forest polygon information from the first version of photoplots database from Canada’s National Forest Inventory as reference data, and the non-parametric k-nearest neighbors procedure (kNN) to create the raster maps of forest attributes. The approach uses a set of 20 predictive variables that include MODIS spectral reflectance data, as well as topographic and climate data. Estimates are carried out on target pixels across all Canada treed landmass that are stratified as either forest or non-forest with 25% forest cover used as a threshold. Forest cover information was extracted from the global forest cover product of Hansen et al (2013) (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1244693). The mapping methodology and resultant datasets were intended to address the discontinuities across provincial borders created by their large differences in forest inventory standards. Analysis of residuals has failed to reveal residual discontinuities across provincial boundaries in the current raster dataset, meaning that our goal of providing discontinuity-free maps has been reached. The dataset was developed specifically to address strategic issues related to phenomena that span multiple provinces such as fire risk, insect spread and drought. In addition, the use of the kNN approach results in the maintenance of a realistic covariance structure among the different variable maps, an important property when the data are extracted to be used in models of ecosystem processes. For example, within each pixel, the composition values of all tree species add to 100%. Details on the product development and validation can be found in the following publication: Beaudoin, A., Bernier, P.Y., Villemaire, P., Guindon, L., Guo, X.-J. 2017. Tracking forest attributes across Canada between 2001 and 2011 using a kNN mapping approach applied to MODIS imagery, Canadian Journal of Forest Research 48: 85–93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2017-0184 Please cite this dataset as: Beaudoin A, Bernier PY, Villemaire P, Guindon L, Guo XJ. 2017. Species composition, forest properties and land cover types across Canada’s forests at 250m resolution for 2001 and 2011. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Quebec, Canada. https://doi.org/10.23687/ec9e2659-1c29-4ddb-87a2-6aced147a990 This dataset contains these NFI forest attributes: ## LAND COVER : landbase vegetated, landbase non-vegetated, landcover treed, landcover non-treed ## TREE STRUCTURE : total above ground biomass, tree branches biomass, tree foliage biomass, stem bark biomass, stem wood biomass, total dead trees biomass, stand age, crown closure, tree stand heigth, merchantable volume, total volume ## TREE SPECIES : abies amabilis (amabilis fir), abies balsamea (balsam fir), abies lasiocarpa (subalpine fir), abies spp. (unidentified fir), acer macrophyllum (bigleaf maple), acer negundo (manitoba maple, box-elder), acer pensylvanicum (striped maple), acer rubrum (red maple),

Private map (managed forest code 50) used in the Story Map of Forest Management in Canada, 2017. Private map (managed forest code 50) used in the Story Map of Forest Management in Canada, 2017. Private lands were identified using provincial and territorial land ownership datasets. Detailed ownership datasets were not available in all jurisdictions, so proxies were used where necessary. In Saskatchewan, lands south of the province's Commercial Forest Zone were classified as Private. This includes some Crown lands, but these are generally small and not included in forest management plans or leased for commercial forestry purposes. Source: This web map shows the private areas used in the map of forest management in Canada, 2017 and includes the following tiled layer: Private (Managed Forest Code 50)Data provided by Alberta Agriculture and Forestry; British Columbia Ministry of Forests; Manitoba Sustainable Development; Natural Resources Canada; New Brunswick Department of Energy and Resource Development; Newfoundland & Labrador Department of Fisheries and Land Resources; Northwest Territories Department of Environment and Natural Resources; Nova Scotia Department of Lands and Forestry; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry; Prince Edward Island Department of Communities, Land & Environment; Québec Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs; Saskatchewan Ministry of Environment; and Yukon Energy, Mines and Resources.

Forests cover large areas of Canada but only some of these forests are actively managed. The 2017 Map of Forest Management in Canada provides a generalized classification of forest management in Canada, including:protected areasTreaty/Settlement Lands (including Treaty Lands identified in final agreements, land claim agreements and settlements)Indian reservesother federal reserves (including military training areas)provincial and territorial reserves and restricted use areasprivate landslong-term tenure areasshort-term tenure areasotherThe Map of Forest Management in Canada dataset provides a wall-to-wall classification of lands in Canada in 2017. It does not differentiate areas of forest from non-forest. The 2017 Map of Forest Management in Canada differs from maps defining the area designated as “managed forest” for greenhouse gas inventory reporting purposes and does not replace those maps. Instead, the Map of Forest Management in Canada shows areas that are currently managed, as of June 2017, and provides generalized management type classification for those areas. Collaborating agencies plan to update the dataset periodically as needed, and remain open to receiving advice from experts concerning refinement priorities for future versions.Source: This web map shows forest management in Canada areas, as of June 2017, and includes data provided by Alberta Agriculture and Forestry; British Columbia Ministry of Forests; Manitoba Sustainable Development; Natural Resources Canada; New Brunswick Department of Energy and Resource Development; Newfoundland & Labrador Department of Fisheries and Land Resources; Northwest Territories Department of Environment and Natural Resources; Nova Scotia Department of Lands and Forestry; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry; Prince Edward Island Department of Communities, Land & Environment; Québec Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs; Saskatchewan Ministry of Environment; and Yukon Energy, Mines and Resources.

Forest Management in Canada Web Map: 2017 and 2020 Forest Management in Canada Web Map: 2017 and 2020 This web map is used in the Forest Management in Canada web application comparing maps from 2017 and 2020, both of which are part of the Story Map of Forest Management in Canada, 2020 (Aménagement des forêts au Canada, 2020). The Map of Forest Management in Canada provides a wall-to-wall classification of lands in Canada in 2017 and 2020. It does not differentiate areas of forest from non-forest. The Map of Forest Management in Canada differs from maps defining the area designated as “managed forest” for greenhouse gas inventory reporting purposes and does not replace those maps. Instead, the Map of Forest Management in Canada shows areas that are currently managed, and provides generalized management type classification for those areas. Collaborating agencies plan to update the dataset periodically as needed, and remain open to receiving advice from experts concerning refinement priorities for future versions. All forest management classification codes for 2020 are present in this web map and include:Water (Managed Forest Code 100) Protected (Managed Forest Code 20) Treaty/Settlement (Managed Forest Code 40) Federal Reserve (Managed Forest Code 31) Indian Reserve (Managed Forest Code 32) Restricted (Managed Forest Code 33) Private (Managed Forest Code 50) Long-Term Tenure (Managed Forest Code 11) Short-Term Tenure (Managed Forest Code 12) Other (Managed Forest Code 13) All forest management classification codes for 2017 are also present in this web map and include:Water (Managed Forest Code 100) Protected (Managed Forest Code 20) Treaty/Settlement (Managed Forest Code 40) Federal Reserve (Managed Forest Code 31) Indian Reserve (Managed Forest Code 32) Restricted (Managed Forest Code 33) Private (Managed Forest Code 50) Long-Term Tenure (Managed Forest Code 11) Short-Term Tenure (Managed Forest Code 12) Other (Managed Forest Code 13)

The link: * Access the data directory* is available in the section*Dataset description sheets; Additional information*. The forest maps from the first inventory are available at a scale of 1/20,000. They cover almost all of the territory south of the 52nd parallel. Each file covers an area of approximately 250 km2. These digital maps correspond to the black and white paper maps with a dimension of 125 cm X 75 cm that have been digitized and georeferenced. They illustrate forest stands. They were prepared from the photo-interpretation of aerial photos on a scale of 1/15,000. Main components: •outline of forest stands; • type of vegetation (forest species, density, height and stage of development, origin); • disturbances; • nature of the terrain (peatlands, gravel, etc.); • territorial subdivisions; • territorial subdivisions; • hydrography (lakes, rivers, streams, streams, swamps, etc.); • disturbances; • nature of the terrain (peatlands, gravel, etc.); • territorial subdivisions; • hydrography (lakes, rivers, streams, swamps, etc.); • topography (level curves). The units of measurement shown on the maps in the first inventory are those of the English imperial system of measurement.**This third party metadata element was translated using an automated translation tool (Amazon Translate).**

The link: * Access the data directory is available in the sectionDataset description sheets; Additional information. The forest maps from the first inventory are available at a scale of 1/20,000. They cover almost all of the territory south of the 52nd parallel. Each file covers an area of approximately 250 km2. These digital maps correspond to the black and white paper maps with a dimension of 125 cm X 75 cm that have been digitized and georeferenced. They illustrate forest stands. They were prepared from the photo-interpretation of aerial photos on a scale of 1/15,000. Main components: •outline of forest stands; • type of vegetation (forest species, density, height and stage of development, origin); • disturbances; • nature of the terrain (peatlands, gravel, etc.); • territorial subdivisions; • territorial subdivisions; • hydrography (lakes, rivers, streams, streams, swamps, etc.); • disturbances; • nature of the terrain (peatlands, gravel, etc.); • territorial subdivisions; • hydrography (lakes, rivers, streams, swamps, etc.); • topography (level curves). The units of measurement shown on the maps in the first inventory are those of the English imperial system of measurement.This third party metadata element was translated using an automated translation tool (Amazon Translate).*

The map title is Forest Types. Map scale. North arrow pointing to the north. Map projection is Hammer-Aitoff. Border of Canada. Great Lakes Border for each theme category within Canada. Neat line around the map. Each theme category is identified by a number that corresponds to the legend. Legend is divided into six categories: West Coast forest, Montane forest, Taiga forest, Boreal forest, Mixed forest, No forest. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown area.

Indian reserve map (managed forest code 32) used in the Story Map of Forest Management in Canada, 2017.Indian Reserve lands were identified using the Geobase Aboriginal Lands of Canada geodatabase. The Indian Act defines these as federal Crown lands that have been “set apart by Her Majesty for the use and benefit of a band”.Source: This web map shows the Indian Reserve lands used in the map of forest management in Canada, 2017 and includes the following tiled layer:Indian Reserve (Managed Forest Code 32)Data provided by Alberta Agriculture and Forestry; British Columbia Ministry of Forests; Manitoba Sustainable Development; Natural Resources Canada; New Brunswick Department of Energy and Resource Development; Newfoundland & Labrador Department of Fisheries and Land Resources; Northwest Territories Department of Environment and Natural Resources; Nova Scotia Department of Lands and Forestry; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry; Prince Edward Island Department of Communities, Land & Environment; Québec Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs; Saskatchewan Ministry of Environment; and Yukon Energy, Mines and Resources.

Map of forest management in Canada, 2017 version. Forests cover large areas of Canada but only some of these forests are actively managed. The 2017 Map of Forest Management in Canada provides a generalized classification of forest management in Canada, including:protected areas Treaty/Settlement Lands (including Treaty Lands identified in final agreements, land claim agreements and settlements) Indian reserves other federal reserves (including military training areas) provincial and territorial reserves and restricted use areas private lands long-term tenure areas short-term tenure areas otherThe Map of Forest Management in Canada dataset provides a wall-to-wall classification of lands in Canada in 2017. It does not differentiate areas of forest from non-forest. The 2017 Map of Forest Management in Canada differs from maps defining the area designated as “managed forest” for greenhouse gas inventory reporting purposes and does not replace those maps. Instead, the Map of Forest Management in Canada shows areas that are currently managed, as of June 2017, and provides generalized management type classification for those areas. Collaborating agencies plan to update the dataset periodically as needed, and remain open to receiving advice from experts concerning refinement priorities for future versions. Source: This web map shows forest management in Canada areas, as of June 2017, and includes data provided by Alberta Agriculture and Forestry; British Columbia Ministry of Forests; Manitoba Sustainable Development; Natural Resources Canada; New Brunswick Department of Energy and Resource Development; Newfoundland & Labrador Department of Fisheries and Land Resources; Northwest Territories Department of Environment and Natural Resources; Nova Scotia Department of Lands and Forestry; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry; Prince Edward Island Department of Communities, Land & Environment; Québec Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs; Saskatchewan Ministry of Environment; and Yukon Energy, Mines and Resources.

Protected map (managed forest code 20) used in the Story Map of Forest Management in Canada, 2017. Protected map (managed forest code 20) used in the Story Map of Forest Management in Canada, 2017. Protected areas were identified using the Canadian Council on Ecological Areas CARTS geodatabase. All IUCN Category Ia through VI protected areas in Canada were classified as Protected (CCEA 2008) with only a few exceptions. Source: This web map shows the protected areas used in the map of forest management in Canada, 2017 and includes the following tiled layer:Protected (Managed Forest Code 20) Data provided by Alberta Agriculture and Forestry; British Columbia Ministry of Forests; Manitoba Sustainable Development; Natural Resources Canada; New Brunswick Department of Energy and Resource Development; Newfoundland & Labrador Department of Fisheries and Land Resources; Northwest Territories Department of Environment and Natural Resources; Nova Scotia Department of Lands and Forestry; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry; Prince Edward Island Department of Communities, Land & Environment; Québec Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs; Saskatchewan Ministry of Environment; and Yukon Energy, Mines and Resources.

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the portions of land in four condensed maps which illustrate the kind of forest maps that were being prepared from air photographs with a minimum of groundwork by the Forestry Branch of the Department of Northern Affairs and National Resources in the 1950s. Such maps not only show more detail than can be shown on a general forest regions map but also enable sample areas to be located which, when investigated on the ground, provide estimates of timber volumes. These maps are also of value to those responsible for forest protection and the suppression of forest fires. The first of the maps reproduced here illustrates an area of almost continuous forest in the rough terrain of the Alberta foothills (from sheet 82 0/14 - Marble Mountain). The second shows forested areas broken only by a few scattered farms (from sheet 31 0/10 - Mitchinamecus River, Quebec). The third shows an area almost equally divided between farm and forest (from sheet 21 J/7 - Napadogan, New Brunswick) The remaining map represents a farming district with scattered woodlots (from sheet 31 H/1 - Memphremagog, Quebec).

This publication contains vector data (shapefile) of the post-harvest forest residues in Canada for the bioenergy/bioproducts sector in oven-dry tonnes per year (ODT/yr) over the next 20 years. The maps were produced using different remote sensing products. We used forest attribute data at 250 m MODIS for the years 2001 and 2011 (Beaudoin et al. 2014 and 2018) combined with forest cover changes for the years 1985 to 2015 contained in the CanLaD dataset at 30 m Landsat(Guindon et al. 2017 and 2018). Results of available biomass (in the form of harvest residues) were reported at the 10 km x 10 km scale, while the map of mature forests in Canada was prepared at the forest management unit (FMU) level. Briefly, our methodology consisted of three steps: 1- create a map of mature forests for the year 2011, based on 2001-2010 average cut volumes within FMUs; 2- develop an annual cut rate from the area harvested within FMUs from 1985 to 2015 and; 3- define the amount of biomass in the form of forest residues available for the bioenergy sector. The biomass of branches and leaves of forest attribute data was used as a proxy to define the biomass of forest residues available. Nationally, the average biomass of forest residues available after harvest is 26 ± 16 ODT/ha, while the total annual availability for all managed forests in Canada was 21 million ODT/yr. A scientific article gives additional details on the methodology: Barrette J, Paré D, Manka F, Guindon L, Bernier P, Titus B. 2018. Forecasting the spatial distribution of logging residues across the Canadian managed forest. Can. J. For. Res. 48: http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/cjfr-2018-0080 Reference for this dataset: Barrette J, Paré D, Manka F, Guindon L, Bernier P, Titus B. 2018. Maps forecasting the availability of logging residues in Canada. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Quebec, Canada. https://doi.org/10.23687/5072c495-240c-42a3-ad55-c942ab37c32a

Map of Canada's forested areas used in the Story Map of Forest Management in Canada, 2017. Canada's forest management classification map classifies all land and inland water areas. It does not differentiate forest areas from non-forest areas. Treed areas can be identified using a separate map layer that was derived using satellite data. Treed areas were used as a proxy for forested areas having a canopy closure of 25% or greater and a tree height of 5 m or greater. Source: This web map shows Canada's forested areas used in the Story Map of Forest Management in Canada, 2017 and includes the following tiled layer: Canada's Forested or Treed Areas, 2017Data provided by Alberta Agriculture and Forestry; British Columbia Ministry of Forests; Manitoba Sustainable Development; Natural Resources Canada; New Brunswick Department of Energy and Resource Development; Newfoundland & Labrador Department of Fisheries and Land Resources; Northwest Territories Department of Environment and Natural Resources; Nova Scotia Department of Lands and Forestry; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry; Prince Edward Island Department of Communities, Land & Environment; Québec Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs; Saskatchewan Ministry of Environment; and Yukon Energy, Mines and Resources.

Forest Management in Canada web application comparing maps from 2017 and 2020. Forest Management in Canada web application comparing maps from 2017 and 2020. This web application references the Forest Management in Canada Web Map: 2017 and 2020 and is used in the Story Map of Forest Management in Canada, 2020 (Aménagement des forêts au Canada, 2020).

Restricted map (managed forest code 33) used in the Story Map of Forest Management in Canada, 2017. Restricted map (managed forest code 33) used in the Story Map of Forest Management in Canada, 2017. Restricted use areas were identified using provincial and territorial datasets. Source: This web map shows the restricted use areas used in the map of forest management in Canada, 2017 and includes the following tiled layer:Restricted (Managed Forest Code 33)Data provided by Alberta Agriculture and Forestry; British Columbia Ministry of Forests; Manitoba Sustainable Development; Natural Resources Canada; New Brunswick Department of Energy and Resource Development; Newfoundland & Labrador Department of Fisheries and Land Resources; Northwest Territories Department of Environment and Natural Resources; Nova Scotia Department of Lands and Forestry; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry; Prince Edward Island Department of Communities, Land & Environment; Québec Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs; Saskatchewan Ministry of Environment; and Yukon Energy, Mines and Resources.