This dataset provides values for CONSUMER PRICE INDEX CPI reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Brazil REER: 15 Group Currency: Consumer Price Index (CPI): FIPE: US Dollar data was reported at 173.300 Jun1994=100 in Mar 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 174.540 Jun1994=100 for Feb 2025. Brazil REER: 15 Group Currency: Consumer Price Index (CPI): FIPE: US Dollar data is updated monthly, averaging 108.980 Jun1994=100 from Jan 1988 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 447 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 221.130 Jun1994=100 in Oct 2002 and a record low of 67.620 Jun1994=100 in Jul 1996. Brazil REER: 15 Group Currency: Consumer Price Index (CPI): FIPE: US Dollar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of Brazil. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.MG004: Real Effective Exchange Rate Index. Notes: The drop of the index means exchange rate appreciationA queda do índice significa valorização da taxa de câmbio

Brazil REER: 15 Group Currency: Consumer Price Index (CPI): Deutsche Mark data was reported at 112.370 Jun1994=100 in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 107.550 Jun1994=100 for Feb 2025. Brazil REER: 15 Group Currency: Consumer Price Index (CPI): Deutsche Mark data is updated monthly, averaging 87.560 Jun1994=100 from Jan 1988 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 447 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 153.990 Jun1994=100 in Oct 2002 and a record low of 61.330 Jun1994=100 in Aug 1997. Brazil REER: 15 Group Currency: Consumer Price Index (CPI): Deutsche Mark data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of Brazil. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.MG004: Real Effective Exchange Rate Index. Notes: The drop of the index means exchange rate appreciationA queda do índice significa valorização da taxa de câmbio

Brazil REER: 15 Group Currency: Consumer Price Index (CPI): US Dollar data was reported at 146.940 Jun1994=100 in Mar 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 147.900 Jun1994=100 for Feb 2025. Brazil REER: 15 Group Currency: Consumer Price Index (CPI): US Dollar data is updated monthly, averaging 101.450 Jun1994=100 from Jan 1988 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 447 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 206.110 Jun1994=100 in Oct 2002 and a record low of 61.560 Jun1994=100 in Jul 2011. Brazil REER: 15 Group Currency: Consumer Price Index (CPI): US Dollar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of Brazil. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.MG004: Real Effective Exchange Rate Index. Notes: The drop of the index means exchange rate appreciationA queda do índice significa valorização da taxa de câmbio

Brazil REER: 15 Group Currency: National Consumer Price Index (CPI): Japanese Yen data was reported at 53.040 Jun1994=100 in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 52.460 Jun1994=100 for Feb 2025. Brazil REER: 15 Group Currency: National Consumer Price Index (CPI): Japanese Yen data is updated monthly, averaging 63.400 Jun1994=100 from Jan 1988 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 447 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 136.710 Jun1994=100 in Oct 2002 and a record low of 45.160 Jun1994=100 in Aug 2008. Brazil REER: 15 Group Currency: National Consumer Price Index (CPI): Japanese Yen data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of Brazil. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.MG004: Real Effective Exchange Rate Index. Notes: The drop of the index means exchange rate appreciationA queda do índice significa valorização da taxa de câmbio

Brazil REER: 15 Group Currency: National Consumer Price Index (CPI): Argentinean Peso data was reported at 40.000 Jun1994=100 in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 39.280 Jun1994=100 for Feb 2025. Brazil REER: 15 Group Currency: National Consumer Price Index (CPI): Argentinean Peso data is updated monthly, averaging 41.460 Jun1994=100 from Jan 1988 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 447 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 133.100 Jun1994=100 in Oct 2001 and a record low of 18.800 Jun1994=100 in May 1989. Brazil REER: 15 Group Currency: National Consumer Price Index (CPI): Argentinean Peso data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of Brazil. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.MG004: Real Effective Exchange Rate Index. Notes: The drop of the index means exchange rate appreciationA queda do índice significa valorização da taxa de câmbio

In economics, the inflation rate is a measure of the change in price of a basket of goods. The most common measure being the consumer price index. It is the percentage rate of change in price level over time, and also indicates the rate of decrease in the purchasing power of money. The annual rate of inflation for 2023, was 4.1 percent higher in the United States when compared to the previous year. More information on inflation and the consumer price index can be found on our dedicated topic page. Additionally, the monthly rate of inflation in the United States can be accessed here. Inflation and purchasing power Inflation is a key economic indicator, and gives economists and consumers alike a look at changes in prices in the wider economy. For example, if an average pair of socks costs 100 dollars one year and 105 dollars the following year, the inflation rate is five percent. This means the amount of goods an individual can purchase with a unit of currency has decreased. This concept is often referred to as purchasing power. The data presents the average rate of inflation in a year, whereas the monthly measure of inflation measures the change in prices compared with prices one year ago. For example, monthly inflation in the U.S. reached a peak in June 2022 at 9.1 percent. This means that prices were 9.1 percent higher than they were in June of 2021. The purchasing power is the extent to which a person has available funds to make purchases. The Big Mac Index has been published by The Economist since 1986 and exemplifies purchasing power on a global scale, allowing us to see note the differences between different countries currencies. Switzerland for example, has the most expensive Big Mac in the world, costing consumers 6.71 U.S. dollars as of July 2022, whereas a Big Mac cost 5.15 dollars in the United States, and 4.77 dollars in the Euro area. One of the most important tools in influencing the rate of inflation is interest rates. The Federal Reserve of the United States has the capacity to make changes to the federal interest rate . Changes to the rate of inflation are thought to be an imbalance between supply and demand. After COVID-19 related lockdowns came to an end there was a sudden increase in demand for goods and services with consumers having more funds than usual thanks to reduced spending during lockdown and government funded economic support. Additionally, supply-chain related bottlenecks also due to lockdowns around the world and the Russian invasion of Ukraine meant that there was a decrease in the supply of goods and services. By increasing the interest rate, the Federal Reserve aims to reduce spending, and thus bring demand back into balance with supply.

Inflation in Argentina was 54 percent in 2019, before falling to 42 percent in 2020. Despite Argentina's fluctuating economic instability over the twentieth century, the largest factor in its current economic status is the legacy of poor fiscal discipline left by the economic depression from 1998 to 2002. Although data is not available from 2014 to 2016, Argentina's inflation rate has been among the highest in the world for the past five years. What causes inflation? Inflation is a rise in price levels for all goods. Major causes of inflation include an increase in money supply, low central bank interest rates, and expectation of inflation. In a country such as Argentina, the expectation can be one of the biggest obstacles. People expect inflation to be high and demand increasing wages, and firms continue raising prices because they expect the costs of inputs to increase. Banks follow suit, charging high interest rates on fixed deposits. Effects of inflation Inflation negatively affects savers. 100 Argentinian pesos in 2018 was worth just under 75 pesos in 2019, after adjusting for the 34 percent inflation rate. Similarly, frequently changing prices has its own inherent cost, called “menu cost” after the price of printing new menus. Inflation will also have a positive effect on national debt when that debt is denominated in Argentinian pesos, because the pesos will be cheaper when the loan matures. However, the majority of Argentina’s debts are in foreign currency, which means that inflation will make these debts larger in peso terms.

Brazil REER: 15 Group Currency: Consumer Price Index (CPI): FIPE: Japanese Yen data was reported at 64.030 Jun1994=100 in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 63.390 Jun1994=100 for Feb 2025. Brazil REER: 15 Group Currency: Consumer Price Index (CPI): FIPE: Japanese Yen data is updated monthly, averaging 72.560 Jun1994=100 from Jan 1988 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 447 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 149.270 Jun1994=100 in Oct 2002 and a record low of 50.740 Jun1994=100 in Aug 1998. Brazil REER: 15 Group Currency: Consumer Price Index (CPI): FIPE: Japanese Yen data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of Brazil. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.MG004: Real Effective Exchange Rate Index. Notes: The drop of the index means exchange rate appreciationA queda do índice significa valorização da taxa de câmbio

Brazil REER: 15 Group Currency: Consumer Price Index (CPI): FIPE: Euro data was reported at 182.410 Dec1998=100 in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 175.950 Dec1998=100 for Feb 2025. Brazil REER: 15 Group Currency: Consumer Price Index (CPI): FIPE: Euro data is updated monthly, averaging 124.550 Dec1998=100 from Jan 1988 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 447 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 224.830 Dec1998=100 in Oct 2002 and a record low of 0.000 Dec1998=100 in Nov 1994. Brazil REER: 15 Group Currency: Consumer Price Index (CPI): FIPE: Euro data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of Brazil. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.MG004: Real Effective Exchange Rate Index. Notes: The drop of the index means exchange rate appreciationA queda do índice significa valorização da taxa de câmbio

Brazil REER: 15 Group Currency: Consumer Price Index (CPI): Inst of Eco Research Foundation (FIPE) data was reported at 151.640 Jun1994=100 in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 151.580 Jun1994=100 for Feb 2025. Brazil REER: 15 Group Currency: Consumer Price Index (CPI): Inst of Eco Research Foundation (FIPE) data is updated monthly, averaging 108.200 Jun1994=100 from Jan 1988 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 447 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 183.510 Jun1994=100 in Oct 2002 and a record low of 66.470 Jun1994=100 in Jul 1997. Brazil REER: 15 Group Currency: Consumer Price Index (CPI): Inst of Eco Research Foundation (FIPE) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of Brazil. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.MG004: Real Effective Exchange Rate Index. Notes: The drop of the index means exchange rate appreciationA queda do índice significa valorização da taxa de câmbio

Brazil REER: 15 Group Currency: National Consumer Price Index (CPI): Deutsche Mark data was reported at 109.790 Jun1994=100 in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 105.020 Jun1994=100 for Feb 2025. Brazil REER: 15 Group Currency: National Consumer Price Index (CPI): Deutsche Mark data is updated monthly, averaging 86.430 Jun1994=100 from Jan 1988 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 447 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 151.320 Jun1994=100 in Oct 2002 and a record low of 60.480 Jun1994=100 in Feb 2012. Brazil REER: 15 Group Currency: National Consumer Price Index (CPI): Deutsche Mark data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of Brazil. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.MG004: Real Effective Exchange Rate Index. Notes: The drop of the index means exchange rate appreciationA queda do índice significa valorização da taxa de câmbio

Nigeria’s inflation has been higher than the average for African and Sub-Saharan countries for years now, and even exceeded 16 percent in 2017 – and a real, significant decrease is nowhere in sight. The bigger problem is its unsteadiness, however: An inflation rate that is bouncing all over the place, like this one, is usually a sign of a struggling economy, causing prices to fluctuate, and unemployment and poverty to increase. Nigeria’s economy - a so-called “mixed economy”, which means the market economy is at least in part regulated by the state – is not entirely in bad shape, though. More than half of its GDP is generated by the services sector, namely telecommunications and finances, and the country derives a significant share of its state revenues from oil. Because it got highTo simplify: When the inflation rate rises, so do prices, and consequently banks raise their interest rates as well to cope and maintain their profit margin. Higher interest rates often cause unemployment to rise. In certain scenarios, rising prices can also mean more panicky spending and consumption among end users, causing debt and poverty. The extreme version of this is called hyperinflation: A rapid increase of prices that is out of control and leads to bankruptcies en masse, devaluation of money and subsequently a currency reform, among other things. But does that mean that low inflation is better? Maybe, but only to a certain degree; the ECB, for example, aspires to maintain an inflation rate of about two percent so as to keep the economy stable. As soon as we reach deflation territory, however, things are starting to look grim again. The best course is a stable inflation rate, to avoid uncertainty and rash actions. Nigeria todayNigeria is one of the countries with the largest populations worldwide and also the largest economy in Africa, with its economy growing rapidly after a slump in the aforementioned year 2017. It is slated to be one of the countries with the highest economic growth over the next few decades. Demographic key indicators, like infant mortality rate, fertility rate, and the median age of the population, all point towards a bright future. Additionally, the country seems to make big leaps forward in manufacturing and technological developments, and boasts huge natural resources, including natural gas. All in all, Nigeria and its inflation seem to be on the upswing – or on the path to stabilization, as it were.

Brazil REER: 15 Group Currency: Consumer Price Index (CPI): FIPE: Argentinean Peso data was reported at 48.290 Jun1994=100 in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 47.460 Jun1994=100 for Feb 2025. Brazil REER: 15 Group Currency: Consumer Price Index (CPI): FIPE: Argentinean Peso data is updated monthly, averaging 47.080 Jun1994=100 from Jan 1988 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 447 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 139.790 Jun1994=100 in Oct 2001 and a record low of 17.340 Jun1994=100 in May 1989. Brazil REER: 15 Group Currency: Consumer Price Index (CPI): FIPE: Argentinean Peso data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of Brazil. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.MG004: Real Effective Exchange Rate Index. Notes: The drop of the index means exchange rate appreciationA queda do índice significa valorização da taxa de câmbio

Brazil REER: 15 Group Currency: National CPI data was reported at 125.610 Jun1994=100 in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 125.430 Jun1994=100 for Feb 2025. Brazil REER: 15 Group Currency: National CPI data is updated monthly, averaging 99.190 Jun1994=100 from Jan 1988 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 447 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 168.050 Jun1994=100 in Oct 2002 and a record low of 66.710 Jun1994=100 in Apr 1997. Brazil REER: 15 Group Currency: National CPI data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of Brazil. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.MG004: Real Effective Exchange Rate Index. Notes: The drop of the index means exchange rate appreciationA queda do índice significa valorização da taxa de câmbio

Consumer Price Index CPI in South Africa decreased to 103.20 points in August from 103.30 points in July of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - South Africa Consumer Price Index (CPI) - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.