Forex daily volume was nearly ***** billion U.S. dollars for the USD currency, an amount ***** times higher than for the euro (EUR). The forex - or foreign exchange market - turnover per day is a figure that is not often measured, only once every three years. No figures are available for 2020, for instance. What figures are available, however, indicate that the USD currency far outweighs that of many other currencies all over the world. What is the forex market? The forex market is based on the fluctuations in the value of currency interest rates. For example, the U.S. dollar performs differently against other major currencies. If one can properly predict these fluctuations, they can buy a weaker currency with a stronger one. After the currencies rebalance, the original currency will be worth more in terms of the exchange rate, giving the investor a profit. There are many foreign exchange trading services, including many multinational banks that already work in multiple currencies. Other currency trading functions Countries and central banks typically hold foreign currencies. These international reserves help facilitate the transactions in international trade, which is one reason China’s foreign reserves are so high. Countries can buy and sell foreign currencies to maintain a particular exchange rate. This is necessary for currencies that are pegged to another currency, such as the U.S. dollar. However, some countries are accused of exchange rate manipulation to make their exports seem more attractive. Finally, certain currencies are considered safer. Citizens and firms in a country with an unstable currency will buy these currencies to avoid volatility, or even hyperinflation, in their home currency.

Singapore Foreign Exchange Market: Turnover: in USD: Daily Average data was reported at 455.553 USD bn in Sep 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 474.088 USD bn for Aug 2018. Singapore Foreign Exchange Market: Turnover: in USD: Daily Average data is updated monthly, averaging 168.214 USD bn from Jan 1991 (Median) to Sep 2018, with 333 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 541.518 USD bn in Feb 2018 and a record low of 49.217 USD bn in Dec 1992. Singapore Foreign Exchange Market: Turnover: in USD: Daily Average data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Monetary Authority of Singapore. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.Z009: Foreign Exchange Market: Turnover.

South Africa Trade Turnover: Daily Avg data was reported at 13,174,000,000.000 USD in Jul 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 15,750,000,000.000 USD for Jun 2018. South Africa Trade Turnover: Daily Avg data is updated monthly, averaging 10,158,000,000.000 USD from Jan 1987 (Median) to Jul 2018, with 379 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 27,640,000,000.000 USD in Mar 2014 and a record low of 918,000,000.000 USD in Aug 1987. South Africa Trade Turnover: Daily Avg data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by South African Reserve Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Africa – Table ZA.M014: Daily Trade Turnover: Foreign Exchange Market.

South Africa Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Rand: Residents data was reported at 2,260,000,000.000 USD in Jul 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2,702,000,000.000 USD for Jun 2018. South Africa Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Rand: Residents data is updated monthly, averaging 992,000,000.000 USD from Jan 1987 (Median) to Jul 2018, with 379 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5,553,000,000.000 USD in Jun 2015 and a record low of 353,000,000.000 USD in Aug 1987. South Africa Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Rand: Residents data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by South African Reserve Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Africa – Table ZA.M014: Daily Trade Turnover: Foreign Exchange Market.

The dataset contains All India Daily Turnover in Financial Markets like Call Money,Notice Money,Term Money,Triparty Repo, Market Repo, Repo in Corporate Bond, Forex, Government of India Dated Securities, State Government Securities, Treasury Bills, Government Securities

Note: 1. Turnover is twice the single leg volumes in case of call/ notice/ term money, CBLO; but four times in case of market repo and Repo in corporate bond. 2. Collateralised Borrowing and Lending Obligation (CBLO) segment of the money market has been discontinued and replaced with Triparty Repo with effect from November 05, 2018.

Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Residents: Foreign: Financial Institutions data was reported at 1.729 USD bn in Jun 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.898 USD bn for May 2018. Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Residents: Foreign: Financial Institutions data is updated monthly, averaging 2.169 USD bn from Jan 2009 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 114 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.367 USD bn in Jan 2011 and a record low of 1.256 USD bn in Jul 2013. Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Residents: Foreign: Financial Institutions data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Israel. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Israel – Table IL.Z010: Bank of Israel: Daily Trade Turnover: Foreign Currency Market.

Israel Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Residents: Domestic: Other Customers: FX Swaps data was reported at 3.214 USD bn in Jun 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.991 USD bn for May 2018. Israel Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Residents: Domestic: Other Customers: FX Swaps data is updated monthly, averaging 1.452 USD bn from Jan 2009 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 114 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.705 USD bn in Jan 2017 and a record low of 188.000 USD mn in Feb 2009. Israel Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Residents: Domestic: Other Customers: FX Swaps data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Israel. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Israel – Table IL.Z010: Bank of Israel: Daily Trade Turnover: Foreign Currency Market.

HISTORICAL OHLC PRICE DATA INCLUDES VOLUME AND TRADE COUNTS

The Poloniex API offers timeframes that are slightly non-standard after the daily interval. We track and produce files for Daily and Thirty Minute (30min) time series pricing data for the spot/physical market. Each file is easily downloadable in CSV format and can be consumed automatically by Python scripts or other automated processes. In each file, you will find the below/following fields. This OHLC (Open/High/Low/Close) pricing data is updated each day and is taken directly from the exchange(s). Please reach out if you find discrepancies or errors in the data that need to be addressed

Unix Timestamp - This is the unix timestamp or also known as "Epoch Time". Use this to convert to your local timezone Date - This timestamp is converted to NY EST Standard Time Symbol- The symbol for which the timeseries data refers Open - This is the opening price of the time period High - This is the highest price of the time period Low - This is the lowest price of the time period Close - This is the closing price of the time period Volume (Crypto) - This is the volume in the transacted Ccy. Ie. For BTC/USD, this is in BTC amount Volume Base Ccy - This is the volume in the base/converted ccy. Ie. For BTC/USD, this is in USDT amount

Israel Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Residents: Domestic: Banks: FX Swaps data was reported at 360.115 USD mn in Nov 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 346.030 USD mn for Oct 2018. Israel Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Residents: Domestic: Banks: FX Swaps data is updated monthly, averaging 346.030 USD mn from Jan 2009 (Median) to Nov 2018, with 119 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 684.830 USD mn in Jan 2012 and a record low of 123.000 USD mn in Mar 2009. Israel Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Residents: Domestic: Banks: FX Swaps data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Israel. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Israel – Table IL.Z010: Bank of Israel: Daily Trade Turnover: Foreign Currency Market.

South Africa Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Other Currencies data was reported at 5,064,000,000.000 USD in Jul 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 6,205,000,000.000 USD for Jun 2018. South Africa Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Other Currencies data is updated monthly, averaging 3,652,000,000.000 USD from Jan 1998 (Median) to Jul 2018, with 247 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8,116,000,000.000 USD in Aug 2017 and a record low of 0.000 USD in Mar 1998. South Africa Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Other Currencies data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by South African Reserve Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Africa – Table ZA.M014: Daily Trade Turnover: Foreign Exchange Market.

The euro and U.S. dollar made up more than ***** of 10 SWIFT payments worldwide in September 2025, outperforming many other currencies. This is according to a monthly report meant to track the market share of China's yuan renminbi within the international bank transfer system SWIFT. Although China holds the largest forex reserves in the world, the yuan ranked as the *****-used currency in international payments. The figures concern customer-initiated and institutional payments and exclude trade. Discussions on the potential weakening role of the U.S. dollar especially touch world trade and forex. For example, the share of the USD in forex reserves declined visibly against the euro and Japanese yen in 2024. What sparked this de-dollarization trend, and will it continue? Trade sanctions and de-dollarization De-dollarization in 2024 is mentioned mostly alongside trade and the BRICS countries - an informal name given to Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. The combined GDP of BRICS is about ** percent of the world's economy. After the start of the Ukraine war and Russia received economic sanctions, the BRICS slowly evolved into a trading bloc. The group increasingly wanted its own currency to settle payments within the trade bloc, to avoid using the U.S. dollar. In August 2024, BRICS gathered in South Africa to discuss the creation of such a new joint currency. Additionally, ** countries - including Argentina, Algeria, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Yemen - expressed interest in joining the BRICS group. CBDC, or projects into a digital payment settlement A factor of future uncertainty for the U.S. dollar is how central bank digital currencies (CBDC) develop in emerging countries. Several projects exist between individual countries that specifically target cross-border interbank payments. A cooperation between Thailand and Hong Kong, Inthanon-Lionrock, ranks as the most advanced of these projects. CBDC does not require the U.S. dollar to function. Tangible such as commodities or gold can back them. The value of transactions processed with CBDC is to grow by ******* percent between 2024 and 2030.

South Africa Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Other Currencies: Non Residents data was reported at 4,231,000,000.000 USD in Jul 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 5,486,000,000.000 USD for Jun 2018. South Africa Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Other Currencies: Non Residents data is updated monthly, averaging 3,315,000,000.000 USD from Jan 1998 (Median) to Jul 2018, with 247 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7,246,000,000.000 USD in Nov 2017 and a record low of 0.000 USD in Mar 1998. South Africa Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Other Currencies: Non Residents data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by South African Reserve Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Africa – Table ZA.M014: Daily Trade Turnover: Foreign Exchange Market.

Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Residents: Domestic: Banks: Options data was reported at 36.546 USD mn in Nov 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 26.464 USD mn for Oct 2018. Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Residents: Domestic: Banks: Options data is updated monthly, averaging 52.551 USD mn from Jan 2009 (Median) to Nov 2018, with 119 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 131.000 USD mn in Jul 2009 and a record low of 1.669 USD mn in Aug 2016. Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Residents: Domestic: Banks: Options data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Israel. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Israel – Table IL.Z010: Bank of Israel: Daily Trade Turnover: Foreign Currency Market.

Israel Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Residents: Foreign: FX Swaps data was reported at 1.271 USD bn in Jun 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.259 USD bn for May 2018. Israel Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Residents: Foreign: FX Swaps data is updated monthly, averaging 1.399 USD bn from Jan 2009 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 114 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.319 USD bn in Dec 2010 and a record low of 577.998 USD mn in Nov 2013. Israel Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Residents: Foreign: FX Swaps data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Israel. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Israel – Table IL.Z010: Bank of Israel: Daily Trade Turnover: Foreign Currency Market.

South Africa Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Other Currencies: Monetary Sector data was reported at 203,000,000.000 USD in Jul 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 147,000,000.000 USD for Jun 2018. South Africa Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Other Currencies: Monetary Sector data is updated monthly, averaging 192,000,000.000 USD from Jan 1998 (Median) to Jul 2018, with 247 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 658,000,000.000 USD in Mar 2004 and a record low of 0.000 USD in Mar 1998. South Africa Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Other Currencies: Monetary Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by South African Reserve Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Africa – Table ZA.M014: Daily Trade Turnover: Foreign Exchange Market.

Israel Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Residents: Foreign: Financial Institutions: Options data was reported at 60.417 USD mn in Jun 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 83.385 USD mn for May 2018. Israel Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Residents: Foreign: Financial Institutions: Options data is updated monthly, averaging 187.500 USD mn from Jan 2009 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 114 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 449.000 USD mn in Oct 2010 and a record low of 24.391 USD mn in Oct 2017. Israel Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Residents: Foreign: Financial Institutions: Options data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Israel. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Israel – Table IL.Z010: Bank of Israel: Daily Trade Turnover: Foreign Currency Market.

South Africa Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Rand data was reported at 8,110,000,000.000 USD in Jul 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 9,546,000,000.000 USD for Jun 2018. South Africa Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Rand data is updated monthly, averaging 7,817,000,000.000 USD from Jan 1987 (Median) to Jul 2018, with 379 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 23,114,000,000.000 USD in Sep 2014 and a record low of 918,000,000.000 USD in Aug 1987. South Africa Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Rand data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by South African Reserve Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Africa – Table ZA.M014: Daily Trade Turnover: Foreign Exchange Market.

Israel Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Residents: Foreign data was reported at 1.745 USD bn in Jun 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.914 USD bn for May 2018. Israel Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Residents: Foreign data is updated monthly, averaging 2.271 USD bn from Jan 2009 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 114 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.404 USD bn in Jan 2011 and a record low of 1.285 USD bn in Jul 2013. Israel Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Residents: Foreign data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Israel. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Israel – Table IL.Z010: Bank of Israel: Daily Trade Turnover: Foreign Currency Market.

Israel Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Residents: Foreign: Options data was reported at 63.964 USD mn in Jun 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 83.885 USD mn for May 2018. Israel Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Residents: Foreign: Options data is updated monthly, averaging 193.185 USD mn from Jan 2009 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 114 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 449.000 USD mn in Oct 2010 and a record low of 24.421 USD mn in Oct 2017. Israel Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Residents: Foreign: Options data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Israel. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Israel – Table IL.Z010: Bank of Israel: Daily Trade Turnover: Foreign Currency Market.

Israel Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Residents: Domestic: Conversions data was reported at 1.037 USD bn in Nov 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.186 USD bn for Oct 2018. Israel Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Residents: Domestic: Conversions data is updated monthly, averaging 1.067 USD bn from Jan 2009 (Median) to Nov 2018, with 119 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.601 USD bn in Dec 2014 and a record low of 733.302 USD mn in Apr 2016. Israel Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Residents: Domestic: Conversions data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Israel. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Israel – Table IL.Z010: Bank of Israel: Daily Trade Turnover: Foreign Currency Market.