A graphic that displays the dollar performance against other currencies reveals that economic developments had mixed results on currency exchanges. The third quarter of 2023 marked a period of disinflation in the euro area, while China's projected growth was projected to go up. The United States economy was said to have a relatively strong performance in Q3 2023, although growing capital market interest rate and the resumption of student loan repayments might dampen this growth at the end of 2023. A relatively weak Japanese yen Q3 2023 saw pressure from investors towards Japanese authorities on how they would respond to the situation surrounding the Japanese yen. The USD/JPY rate was close to ***, whereas analysts suspected it should be around ** given the country's purchase power parity. The main reason for this disparity is said to be the differences in central bank interest rates between the United States, the euro area, and Japan. Any future aggressive changes from, especially the U.S. Fed might lower those differences. Financial markets responded somewhat disappoint when Japan did not announce major plans to tackle the situation. Potential rent decreases in 2024 Central bank rates peak in 2023, although it is expected that some of these will decline in early 2024. That said, analysts expect overall policies will remain restrictive. For example, the Bank of England's interest rate remained unchanged at **** percent in Q3 2023. It is believed the United Kingdom's central bank will ease its interest rate in 2024 but less than either the U.S. Fed or the European Central Bank. This should be a positive development for the pound compared to either the euro or the dollar.

Graph and download economic data for Canadian Dollars to U.S. Dollar Spot Exchange Rate (AEXCAUS) from 1971 to 2024 about Canada, exchange rate, currency, rate, and USA.

The euro-to-dollar exchange rate fluctuated significantly in 2022, reaching its lowest recorded value since 2008 during that time. Figures were different later in the year, however, with a rate of 1.17 USD recorded at the end of June 27, 2025. The average (standardized) measure is based on the calculation of many observations throughout the period in question. It is therefore different from an annual measure at a point, which reflects concrete values as of end of the year. Establishment The euro, which was established in 1992, introduced in non-physical form in 1999 and finally rolled out in 2002, is used by 19 of the 27 member states of the European Union. This group of 19 countries is otherwise known as the eurozone or euro area. By 2018, the total value of euro currency in circulation was almost 1.2 trillion euros, or over 3.4 thousand euros per capita. Euro to USD Between 2001 and 2008, the average annual exchange rate of the euro to the U.S. dollar noted a steep increase. In 2008, the euro to U.S. dollar annual average exchange rate was equal to 1.47, which meant that one euro could buy 1.47 U.S. dollars. By 2019, this value had decreased overall, to a value of 1.12 which meant that one euro could buy 1.12 U.S. dollars. Similar dynamics in the euro to U.S. dollar exchange rate were also reflected in the monthly exchange rate recently.

Graph and download economic data for Japanese Yen to U.S. Dollar Spot Exchange Rate (DEXJPUS) from 1971-01-04 to 2025-07-03 about Japan, exchange rate, currency, rate, and USA.

Prices for DXY Dollar Index including live quotes, historical charts and news. DXY Dollar Index was last updated by Trading Economics this July 13 of 2025.

Hungary - Euro/national currency exchange rates was HUF402.08 National currency in June of 2025, according to the EUROSTAT. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Hungary - Euro/national currency exchange rates - last updated from the EUROSTAT on July of 2025. Historically, Hungary - Euro/national currency exchange rates reached a record high of HUF418.31 National currency in October of 2022 and a record low of HUF352.51 National currency in September of 2021.

One dollar was worth about ** Mexican pesos in the middle of 2024, which was stronger than other currencies in LATAM. Among the Latin American currencies shown in this graph, the Colombian peso (COP) was found to experience the greatest nominal change in the indicated period, surpassing the mark of ***** Colombian pesos for every U.S. dollar in June 2024.

Prices for TRYUSD Turkish Lira US Dollar including live quotes, historical charts and news. TRYUSD Turkish Lira US Dollar was last updated by Trading Economics this July 14 of 2025.

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Foreign Exchange Market Size 2025-2029

The foreign exchange market size is forecast to increase by USD 582 billion, at a CAGR of 10.6% between 2024 and 2029.

The Foreign Exchange Market is segmented by type (reporting dealers, financial institutions, non-financial customers), trade finance instruments (currency swaps, outright forward and FX swaps, FX options), trading platforms (electronic trading, over-the-counter (OTC), mobile trading), and geography (North America: US, Canada; Europe: Germany, Switzerland, UK; Middle East and Africa: UAE; APAC: China, India, Japan; South America: Brazil; Rest of World). This segmentation reflects the market's global dynamics, driven by institutional trading, increasing digital adoption through electronic trading and mobile trading, and regional economic activities, with APAC markets like India and China showing significant growth alongside traditional hubs like the US and UK.
The market is experiencing significant shifts driven by the escalating trends of urbanization and digitalization. These forces are creating 24x7 trading opportunities, enabling greater accessibility and convenience for market participants. However, the market's dynamics are not without challenges. The uncertainty of future exchange rates poses a formidable obstacle for businesses and investors alike, necessitating robust risk management strategies. As urbanization continues to expand and digital technologies reshape the trading landscape, market players must adapt to remain competitive. One significant trend is the increasing use of money transfer agencies, venture capital investments, and mutual funds in foreign exchange transactions. Companies seeking to capitalize on these opportunities must navigate the challenges effectively, ensuring they stay abreast of exchange rate fluctuations and implement agile strategies to mitigate risk.
The ability to adapt and respond to these market shifts will be crucial for success in the evolving market.

What will be the Size of the Foreign Exchange Market during the forecast period?

Explore in-depth regional segment analysis with market size data - historical 2019-2023 and forecasts 2025-2029 - in the full report.
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In the dynamic and intricate realm of the market, entities such as algorithmic trading, order book, order management systems, and liquidity risk intertwine, shaping the ever-evolving market landscape. The market's continuous unfolding is characterized by the integration of various components, including sentiment analysis, Fibonacci retracement, mobile trading, and good-for-the-day orders. Market activities are influenced by factors like political stability, monetary policy, and market liquidity, which in turn impact economic growth and trade settlement. Technical analysis, with its focus on chart patterns and moving averages, plays a crucial role in informing trading decisions. The market's complexity is further amplified by the presence of entities like credit risk, counterparty risk, and operational risk.

Central bank intervention, order execution, clearing and settlement, and trade confirmation are essential components of the market's infrastructure, ensuring a seamless exchange of currencies. Geopolitical risk, currency correlation, and inflation rates contribute to currency volatility, necessitating hedging strategies and risk management. Market risk, interest rate differentials, and commodity currencies influence trading strategies, while cross-border payments and brokerage services facilitate international trade. The ongoing evolution of the market is marked by the emergence of advanced trading platforms, automated trading, and real-time data feeds, enabling traders to make informed decisions in an increasingly interconnected and complex global economy.

How is this Foreign Exchange Industry segmented?

The foreign exchange industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Type

  Reporting dealers
  Financial institutions
  Non-financial customers


Trade Finance Instruments

  Currency swaps
  Outright forward and FX swaps
  FX options


Trading Platforms

  Electronic Trading
  Over-the-Counter (OTC)
  Mobile Trading


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    Germany
    Switzerland
    UK


  Middle East and Africa

    UAE


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan


  South America

    Brazil


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Type Insights

The reporting dealers segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

The market is a dynamic and complex ecosystem where various entities interplay to manage currency risks and facilitate international trade. Reporting dealers, as key participants,

Interactive historical chart showing the daily U.S. Dollar - Japanese Yen (USDJPY) exchange rate back to 1971.

Abstract

Currency exchange rate is an important metric to inform economic policy but traditional sources are often produced with delay during crises and only at an aggregate level. This may poorly reflect the actual rate trends in rural or poverty-stricken areas, where large populations reside in fragile situations. This data set includes currency exchange rate estimates and is intended to help gain insight in price developments beyond what can be formally measured by traditional methods. The estimates are generated using a machine-learning approach that imputes ongoing subnational price surveys, often with accuracy similar to direct measurement of prices. The data set provides new opportunities to investigate local price dynamics in areas where populations are sensitive to localized price shocks and where traditional data are not available.

Geographic coverage notes

The data cover the following sub-national areas: Yangon, Rakhine, Shan (North), Kayin, Kachin, Shan (South), Mon, Tanintharyi, Mandalay, Kayah, Shan (East), Chin, Magway, Sagaing, Market Average

The USD to EUR exchange rate in 2022 roughly 30 percent higher than it was in 2012, revealing a very strong dollar against the euro. The value of 0.85 euros per dollar was noticeably higher than the 2016 peak of 0.95 euros per dollar, but still above the price before the Eurozone Crisis. This started in 2009 and was caused by difficulties of several European countries with repaying government debt. What does the exchange rate mean? At any single point, an exchange rate is simply a measure of the value of one currency in terms of another. However, when the exchange rate shifts, one currency gets “stronger” and the other “weaker”. This is particularly important in international trade. A strong currency makes imports cheaper, so one could expect the trade balance of a country with a strong currency to decrease. In such a way, a strong currency would hurt a country with a high trade surplus. Exchange rate investments There is a financial market built around currency fluctuations. The foreign exchange market, or forex market, has a daily turnover of trillions of dollars. This market is critical for international trade, but many investors simply use it to speculate.

Interactive historical chart showing the daily Euro - U.S. Dollar (EURUSD) exchange rate back to 1999.

In April 2025, the exchange rate of yuan to U.S. dollar was ****. In the past decades, the yuan has undergone a slow liberalization, being increasingly exposed to the international money market. FOREX history of the Renminbi After the Communist Party took control over China, it introduced a unified currency which has since then undergone many changes. During the planned economy, the yuan had a fixed exchange rate. At the time, the currency’s exchange rate was deliberately set high to support the industrial development, which relied on imports. After the country committed to opening its economy, the Renminbi was gradually exposed to the supply and demand of the global FOREX markets. Until 2005, the yuan remained pegged to the U.S. dollar. Currency manipulator, or not? As China manifested its role in the global economy, the country was repeatedly accused of manipulating the value of its currency. Especially, voices from the United States claimed that Beijing would intentionally keep the value of the yuan low. A cheap Renminbi would make products from China more attractive for foreign buyers which in turn would support the country’s export-driven economy. However, currency manipulation is difficult to make out and even harder to prove, which is why no significant actions have been taken.

The USD/BRL exchange rate rose to 5.5697 on July 14, 2025, up 0.20% from the previous session. Over the past month, the Brazilian Real has weakened 1.41%, and is down by 2.22% over the last 12 months. Brazilian Real - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

The pound to euro history reveals that exchange rates in 2022 were not as low as they were during 2008 or since the Brexit referendum. Since the United Kingdom (UK) held a referendum on its European Union membership in June 2016, the British pound (GBP) weakened against the euro. From a high of 1.43 at the end of November 2015, the GBP to EUR exchange rate has remained below 1.2 since July 2016, sitting at 1.11 as of October 2020. By June 27, 2025, values had reached 1.17 euros per pound. The euro to pound exchange rate can be found on a different page. Hitting UK citizens' pockets It is not just European holidaymakers that are hit when the British pound to Euro exchange rate falls. The average UK consumer also feels the pinch as inflation rates often rise to cover the shortfall of the pound. When the inflation rate rises, the price of imported goods goes up and the consumer ends up paying more. GBP to U.S. dollar Since 2016’s referendum, the British pound (GBP) fell across the exchange. The GBP's fall against the Euro was also reflected against the U.S. dollar where the exchange rate in May 2016 (pre-referendum) of 1.46 dollars to the pound has fallen significantly.

This table contains 45 series, with data for years 1950 - 2015 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years), and was last released on 2016-01-05. This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 items: Canada ...), Type of currency (45 items: United States dollar; noon spot rate; average; Danish krone; noon spot rate; average; French franc; noon spot rate; average; Belgian franc; noon spot rate; average ...).

Graph and download economic data for Greece / U.S. Foreign Exchange Rate (DISCONTINUED) (EXGRUS) from Apr 1981 to Dec 2000 about Greece, exchange rate, currency, rate, and USA.

During 2022, the GBP/USD exchange rate reached its lowest value ever recorded, after the UK government announced its initial plans to combat inflation. Prices did increase again after these plans were turned back shortly after. As of June 27, 2025, one pound was valued at roughly 1.37 U.S. dollars. What affects an exchange rate? There are several factors that can impact an exchange rate. In terms of the current situation, the political and economic standings surrounding Brexit is probably the largest driver in the current form of the British pound. Other factors include inflation and interest rates, public debts, deficits as well as the country's export prices to import prices ratio. British pound to Euro Since the United Kingdom (UK) held a referendum on its European Union membership in June 2016, the British pound's (GBP) standing against the Euro has also been impacted. During the first half of 2020, the British pound against the Euro weakened overall.

The USD to ruble value lost significant ground after Russia's invasion of Ukraine, reaching a low of 135 rubles in March 2022. This devaluation is also observed in a chart that compares the monthly average of the ruble against both the U.S. dollar and the euro since 2008. A decline started in November 2020, and continued into 2021 - no specific reason was given for the timing of this development. Interestingly, the USD/RUB exchange rate reached its highest point earlier in 2020, as one U.S. dollar could buy nearly 80 rubles in March 2020. Values were noticeably different years later, however, as the USD/RUB exchange rate was valued at 82.23 on May 2, 2025.