In financial year 2025, the reserves to debt ratio in India was estimated to be around ** percent, down from about ** percent in the previous fiscal year. The ratio of reserves to debt is an important indicator to measure the country's capacity to utilize its reserve resources in times of crisis.

Key information about United States Foreign Exchange Reserves

• United States Foreign Exchange Reserves was measured at 35.2 USD bn in Jan 2025, compared with 34.9 USD bn in the previous month
• US Foreign Exchange Reserves: USD mn data is updated monthly, available from Mar 1961 to Jan 2025
• The data reached an all-time high of 54.9 USD bn in Aug 2011 and a record low of 2.0 USD mn in Jul 1975

The Bureau of the Fiscal Service provides monthly Foreign Exchange Reserves in USD.


Further information about United States Foreign Exchange Reserves

• In the latest reports, US Foreign Exchange Reserves equaled 0.1 Months of Import in Jan 2025.
• Its Money Supply M2 increased 21,561.4 USD bn YoY in Jan 2025.
• US Domestic Credit reached 30,648.3 USD bn in Mar 2024, representing an drop of 0.3 % YoY.
• The country's Non Performing Loans Ratio stood at 1.7 % in Dec 2024, compared with the ratio of 1.5 % in the previous quarter.
• Household Debt of US reached 61.7 % in Dec 2024, accounting for 61.7 % of the country's Nominal GDP.

Foreign Exchange Reserves in the United States decreased to 38470 USD Million in May from 38565 USD Million in April of 2025. This dataset provides - United States Foreign Exchange Reserves - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Key information about China Foreign Exchange Reserves

• China Foreign Exchange Reserves was measured at 3,227.2 USD bn in Feb 2025, compared with 3,209.0 USD bn in the previous month
• China Foreign Exchange Reserves: USD mn data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1989 to Feb 2025
• The data reached an all-time high of 3,993.2 USD bn in Jun 2014 and a record low of 3.7 USD bn in Jan 1989

The People's Bank of China provides monthly Foreign Exchange Reserves in USD.


Further information about China Foreign Exchange Reserves

• In the latest reports, China Foreign Exchange Reserves equaled 13.9 Months of Import in Dec 2024.
• Its Money Supply M2 increased 44,045.8 USD bn YoY in Sep 2024.
• China Domestic Credit reached 49,338.1 USD bn in Jan 2025, representing an increased of 7.9 % YoY.
• The country's Non Performing Loans Ratio stood at 1.5 % in Dec 2024, compared with the ratio of 1.6 % in the previous quarter.
• Household Debt of China reached 63.3 % in Mar 2023, accounting for 63.3 % of the country's Nominal GDP.

Key information about Germany Foreign Exchange Reserves

• Germany Foreign Exchange Reserves was measured at 36.7 USD bn in Jan 2025, compared with 35.2 USD bn in the previous month
• Germany Foreign Exchange Reserves: USD mn data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1957 to Jan 2025
• The data reached an all-time high of 114.6 USD bn in Sep 1992 and a record low of 1.3 USD bn in Apr 1959

CEIC converts monthly Foreign Exchange Reserves into USD. Deutsche Bundesbank provides Foreign Exchange Reserves in EUR. The Federal Reserve Board period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Germany joined the Euro Area on January 1st, 1999 with fixed conversion rate of 1 EUR = 1.95583 DEM. Foreign Exchange Reserves prior to December 1998 is sourced from the International Monetary Fund.


Further information about Germany Foreign Exchange Reserves

• In the latest reports, Germany Foreign Exchange Reserves equaled 0.3 Months of Import in Dec 2024.
• Its Money Supply M2 increased 4,046.9 USD bn YoY in Dec 2024.
• Germany Domestic Credit reached 6,397.0 USD bn in Nov 2024, representing an drop of 2.2 % YoY.
• The country's Non Performing Loans Ratio stood at 1.2 % in Dec 2022, compared with the ratio of 1.1 % in the previous year.
• Household Debt of Germany reached 50.3 % in Sep 2024, accounting for 50.3 % of the country's Nominal GDP.

Total reserves (% of total external debt) in Pakistan was reported at 10.49 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Pakistan - Total reserves (% of total external debt) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Key information about Taiwan Foreign Exchange Reserves

• Taiwan Foreign Exchange Reserves was measured at 577.6 USD bn in Feb 2025, compared with 577.6 USD bn in the previous month
• Taiwan Foreign Exchange Reserves: USD mn data is updated monthly, available from Mar 1969 to Feb 2025
• The data reached an all-time high of 579.1 USD bn in Aug 2024 and a record low of 312.0 USD mn in Mar 1969

The Central Bank of the Republic of China provides monthly Foreign Exchange Reserves in USD. [COVID-19-IMPACT]


Further information about Taiwan Foreign Exchange Reserves

• In the latest reports, Taiwan Foreign Exchange Reserves equaled 20.1 Months of Import in Jan 2025.
• Its Money Supply M2 increased 1,959.8 USD bn YoY in Jan 2025.
• Taiwan Domestic Credit reached 1,542.7 USD bn in Jan 2025, representing an increased of 8.2 % YoY.
• The country's Non Performing Loans Ratio stood at 0.1 % in Dec 2024, compared with the ratio of 0.1 % in the previous month.
• Household Debt of Taiwan reached 95.6 % in Dec 2023, accounting for 95.6 % of the country's Nominal GDP.

India External Debt: Residual Maturity: Up to 1 Year: Short Term Debt as % of Foreign Exchange Reserves data was reported at 42.800 % in Sep 2024. This records a decrease from the previous number of 46.000 % for Jun 2024. India External Debt: Residual Maturity: Up to 1 Year: Short Term Debt as % of Foreign Exchange Reserves data is updated quarterly, averaging 44.900 % from Dec 2023 (Median) to Sep 2024, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 46.000 % in Jun 2024 and a record low of 42.800 % in Sep 2024. India External Debt: Residual Maturity: Up to 1 Year: Short Term Debt as % of Foreign Exchange Reserves data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Finance. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Government and Public Finance – Table IN.FK009: External Debt: Residual Maturity.

The purpose of this data is to analyze the link between foreign debt and reserve taking experiences from Ethiopian economy. The data is collected from secondary sources, World Bank datasets.

Reserve assets are external assets, including monetary gold, that are readily available to and controlled by monetary authorities for meeting balance of payments financing needs, for intervention in exchange markets to affect the currency exchange rate, and for other related purposes (such as maintaining confidence in the currency and the economy, and serving as a basis for foreign borrowing). Reserve assets must be denominated and settled in foreign currency. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of total external debt which are all liabilities that require payment(s) of interest and/or principal by the debtor at some point(s) in the future and that are owed to non-residents by residents of an economy.

This dataset contains key ratios that are used to assess the vulnerability of external debt. These include External debt to GDP ratio, foreign currency reserves to external debt ratio, ratio of short term debt to total external debt, and debt service ratio.

Bangladesh BD: Total Reserves: % of Total External Debt data was reported at 21.548 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 34.784 % for 2022. Bangladesh BD: Total Reserves: % of Total External Debt data is updated yearly, averaging 14.361 % from Dec 1972 (Median) to 2023, with 52 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 184.617 % in 1972 and a record low of 3.794 % in 1981. Bangladesh BD: Total Reserves: % of Total External Debt data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Bangladesh – Table BD.World Bank.WDI: Foreign Reserves. International reserves to total external debt stocks.;World Bank, International Debt Statistics.;Weighted average;

Key information about United Kingdom Foreign Exchange Reserves

• United Kingdom Foreign Exchange Reserves was measured at 113.8 USD bn in Feb 2025, compared with 112.5 USD bn in the previous month
• UK Foreign Exchange Reserves: USD mn data is updated monthly, available from Jul 1999 to Feb 2025
• The data reached an all-time high of 147.5 USD bn in Jan 2019 and a record low of 23.0 USD bn in Sep 1999

CEIC calculates Foreign Exchange Reserves as the sum of Foreign Currency Reserves and Other Reserve Assets, which include other financial instruments denominated in foreign currency and converts it into USD. The Bank of England provides Foreign Exchange Reserves in USD. Foreign Exchange Reserves excludes Bank of England Foreign Exchange Reserves, as they are not considered part of UK Official Reserve Assets. However, Bank of England foreign currency assets may be used in case of foreign exchange intervention for monetary policy objectives.


Further information about United Kingdom Foreign Exchange Reserves

• In the latest reports, UK Foreign Exchange Reserves equaled 1.7 Months of Import in Dec 2024.
• Its Money Supply M2 increased 3,878.3 USD bn YoY in Jan 2025.
• UK Domestic Credit reached 4,866.2 USD bn in Dec 2024, representing an drop of 1.3 % YoY.
• The country's Non Performing Loans Ratio stood at 1.0 % in Dec 2022, compared with the ratio of 1.0 % in the previous year.
• Household Debt of UK reached 81.6 % in Sep 2024, accounting for 81.6 % of the country's Nominal GDP.

Foreign Exchange Reserves in Bangladesh increased to 31772 USD Million in June from 25798.20 USD Million in May of 2025. This dataset provides - Bangladesh Foreign Exchange Reserves - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Foreign Exchange Reserves in Turkey increased to 81550 USD Million in July 11 from 79790 USD Million in the previous week. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Turkey Foreign Exchange Reserves - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Key information about Jordan Foreign Exchange Reserves

• Jordan Foreign Exchange Reserves was measured at 15.2 USD bn in Jan 2025, compared with 15.2 USD bn in the previous month
• Jordan Foreign Exchange Reserves: USD mn data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1958 to Jan 2025
• The data reached an all-time high of 16.3 USD bn in Aug 2015 and a record low of 18.7 USD mn in Jun 1988

Further information about Jordan Foreign Exchange Reserves

• In the latest reports, Jordan Foreign Exchange Reserves equaled 6.2 Months of Import in Dec 2024.
• Its Money Supply M2 increased 63.5 USD bn YoY in Nov 2024.
• Jordan Domestic Credit reached 67.5 USD bn in Dec 2023, representing an increased of 3.0 % YoY.
• The country's Non Performing Loans Ratio stood at 5.1 % in Dec 2023, compared with the ratio of 4.5 % in the previous year.
• Household Debt of Jordan reached 80.6 % in Sep 2024, accounting for 80.6 % of the country's Nominal GDP.

Key information about Romania Foreign Exchange Reserves

• Romania Foreign Exchange Reserves was measured at 61.5 USD bn in Feb 2025, compared with 59.7 USD bn in the previous month
• Romania Foreign Exchange Reserves: USD mn data is updated monthly, available from Apr 2005 to Feb 2025
• The data reached an all-time high of 69.6 USD bn in Sep 2024 and a record low of 16.3 USD bn in May 2005

CEIC converts monthly Foreign Exchange Reserves into USD. The National Bank of Romania provides Foreign Exchange Reserves in EUR. The Federal Reserve Board period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions.


Further information about Romania Foreign Exchange Reserves

• In the latest reports, Romania Foreign Exchange Reserves equaled 5.9 Months of Import in Dec 2024.
• Its Money Supply M2 increased 153.2 USD bn YoY in Jan 2025.
• Romania Domestic Credit reached 140.6 USD bn in Dec 2024, representing an increased of 15.1 % YoY.
• The country's Non Performing Loans Ratio stood at 2.5 % in Jan 2025, compared with the ratio of 2.5 % in the previous month.
• Household Debt of Romania reached 15.4 % in Sep 2024, accounting for 15.4 % of the country's Nominal GDP.

Key information about Japan Foreign Exchange Reserves: Months of Import

• Japan Foreign Exchange Reserves equaled 19.5 Months of Import in Feb 2025, compared with the ratio of 16.2 in the previous month
• Japan Foreign Exchange Reserves: Months of Import data is updated monthly, available from Apr 2000 to Feb 2025
• The data reached an all-time high of 27.8 in Aug 2020 and a record low of 9.6 in Oct 2000

CEIC calculates Foreign Exchange Reserves as Months of Import from monthly Foreign Exchange Reserves and monthly Imports. Foreign Exchange Reserves are calculated as the sum of Foreign Currency Reserves and Other Reserve Assets, which include other financial instruments denominated in foreign currency. The Ministry of Finance provides Foreign Exchange Reserves in USD and Imports in local currency. Federal Reserve Board average market exchange rate is used for currency conversions.


Further information about Japan Foreign Exchange Reserves: Months of Import

• In the latest reports, Japan Foreign Exchange Reserves was measured at 1,108.4 USD bn in Feb 2025
• Its Money Supply M2 increased 1.1 % YoY in Feb 2025
• Japan Domestic Credit reached 11,877.4 USD bn in Jan 2025, representing an increased of 0.5 % YoY
• The country's Non Performing Loans Ratio stood at 1.2 % in Sep 2024, compared with the ratio of 1.3 % in the previous half a year
• Household Debt of Japan reached 2,739.5 USD bn in Sep 2024, accounting for 65.1 % of the country's Nominal GDP

Key information about France Foreign Exchange Reserves

• France Foreign Exchange Reserves was measured at 31.8 USD bn in Jan 2025, compared with 29.5 USD bn in the previous month
• France Foreign Exchange Reserves: USD mn data is updated monthly, available from Feb 2004 to Jan 2025
• The data reached an all-time high of 55.5 USD bn in Mar 2020 and a record low of 21.6 USD bn in Feb 2009

CEIC calculates monthly Foreign Exchange Reserves as Foreign Exchange Reserves less Other Claims and converts it into USD. The Banque de France provides Foreign Exchange Reserves in EUR. The Federal Reserve Board period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. France joined the Euro Area on January 1st, 1999 with fixed conversion rate of 1 EUR = 6.55957 FRF.


Further information about France Foreign Exchange Reserves

• In the latest reports, France Foreign Exchange Reserves equaled 0.5 Months of Import in Dec 2024.
• Its Money Supply M2 increased 3,161.0 USD bn YoY in Dec 2024.
• France Domestic Credit reached 5,284.9 USD bn in Nov 2024, representing an increased of 1.7 % YoY.
• The country's Non Performing Loans Ratio stood at 2.4 % in Dec 2021, compared with the ratio of 2.7 % in the previous year.
• Household Debt of France reached 74.2 % in Dec 2023, accounting for 74.2 % of the country's Nominal GDP.

Key information about Tunisia Foreign Exchange Reserves

• Tunisia Foreign Exchange Reserves was measured at 8.5 USD bn in Sep 2024, compared with 8.4 USD bn in the previous month
• Tunisia Foreign Exchange Reserves: USD mn data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1964 to Sep 2024
• The data reached an all-time high of 10.4 USD bn in Oct 2009 and a record low of 15.9 USD mn in Nov 1965

CEIC calculates monthly Foreign Exchange Reserves from monthly Foreign Exchange Reserves and converts it into USD. Foreign Exchange Reserves is calculated as the sum of Foreign Currency Reserves and Deposits and Securities. The Central Bank of Tunisia provides Foreign Exchange Reserves in local currency. The Central Bank of Tunisia period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Foreign Exchange Reserves prior to June 2023 is based on BPM5. Foreign Exchange Reserves prior to February 1994 is sourced from the International Monetary Fund.


Further information about Tunisia Foreign Exchange Reserves

• In the latest reports, Tunisia Foreign Exchange Reserves equaled 4.0 Months of Import in Sep 2024.
• Its Money Supply M2 increased 38.1 USD bn YoY in Oct 2024.
• Tunisia Domestic Credit reached 53.6 USD bn in Oct 2024, representing an increased of 9.3 % YoY.
• The country's Non Performing Loans Ratio stood at 15.6 % in Dec 2023, compared with the ratio of 13.6 % in the previous year.
• Household Debt of Tunisia reached 0.0 % in Dec 2020, accounting for 0.0 % of the country's Nominal GDP.