Graph and download economic data for Population, Total for the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (POPTOTMKA647NWDB) from 1960 to 2024 about Macedonia and population.

The data in the Historical Demographic Data of Southeastern Europe series derive primarily from the ethnographic and archival research of Joel M. Halpern, Professor Emeritus of Anthropology at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, in southeastern Europe from 1953 to 2006. The series is comprised of historical demographic data from several towns and villages in the countries of Bosnia, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia, all of which are former constituent republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The data provide insight into the shift from agricultural to industrial production, as well as the more general processes of urbanization occurring in the last days of the Yugoslav state. With an expansive timeframe ranging from 1818 to 2006, the series also contains a wide cross-section of demographic data types. These include, but are not limited to, population censuses, tax records, agricultural and landholding data, birth records, death records, marriage and engagement records, and migration information. This component of the series focuses exclusively on the Serbian village of Orasac and is composed of 64 datasets. These data record a variety of demographic and economic information between the years of 1824 and 1975. General population information at the individual level is available in official census records from 1863, 1884, 1948, 1953, and 1961, and from population register records for the years of 1928, 1966, and 1975. Census data at the household level is also available for the years of 1863, 1928, 1948, 1953, and 1961. These data are followed by detailed records of engagement and marriage. Many of these data were obtained through the courtesy of village and county officials. Priest book records from 1851 through 1966, as well as death records from 1863 to 1976 and tombstone records from 1975, are also available. Information regarding migrants and emigrants was obtained from the village council for the years of 1946 through 1975. Lastly, the data provide economic and financial information, including records of individual landholdings (for the years of 1863, 1952, 1966, and 1975), records of government taxation at the individual or household level (for 1813 through 1840, as well as for 1952), and livestock censuses (at both the individual and household level for the years of 1824 and 1825, and only at the individual level for the years of 1833 and 1834).

In 1800, the population of the region making up present-day Croatia was just over 1.2 million. Croatia's population grew relatively consistently throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, despite the region suffering around 200,000 fatalities in each of the World Wars. The lack of clearly defined boundaries, mass displacement and general disorganization have made it very difficult for historians to estimate the total number of fatalities suffered by Croatia and by ethnic Croats in this time; additionally, the various ethnic groups within Yugoslavia at the time committed a number of atrocities against one another, which has exacerbated this.

In spite of these events, the population of Croatia would continue to grow steadily until the early 1990s, when it was one of six parts of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia. In the wake of communism's demise in Southern Europe in the late 20th century, Croatia claimed its sovereignty in 1991, which set in motion the Croatian War of Independence with Serbia. War was waged for four years, and saw the deaths of more than 20,000 people, while several hundred thousand were displaced. In the quarter century since the war's end, Croatia has emerged as a high-income, developing country, with a booming tourism and hospitality industry. However the population has continued to drop as a result of declining birth rates, and large-scale economic migration (particularly influenced by the financial crisis of 2008 and Croatia's accession to the European Union in 2013).

Project developed by Giovanni Federico (New York University Abu Dhabi) and Antonio Tena Junguito (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid). Dataset: Serbia/Yugoslavia

In 2022, the largest group of foreign-born citizens from European countries residing in Sweden were from the neighboring country Finland. 133,000 Fins lived in Sweden in 2022. People born in Poland made up the second largest group of foreign-born Europeans, followed by people born in the former Yugoslavia, from which many people migrated during the Yugoslavian wars in the 1990s.

This dataset combines the 1921 census and election data on a county level for four Yugoslav interwar elections: 1920, 1923, 1925 and 1927. It contains data on the socioeconomic and ethnic structure of the population, turnout data, as well as the vote share of the major Yugoslav parties.

Behavior at the polls, questions on the political system, the nationality conflict as well as on media. Topics: Nationality; religiousness; language spoken at home; understanding other languages; possession of radio, television, video recorder, telephone, computer, car; technical prerequisites for radio reception; cabel or satellite access; email access; frequency of media usage in the last 3 months; trust in local media; most reliable source of information; frequency of listening to domestic and foreign radio stations; preferred broadcasts; listening to "Radio Free Europe", "Voice of America" and "BBC" as well as preferred broadcast times; interest in politics; business, ethnic questions, media, science, environment, health, family, art, culture, history, law and religion; importance of extent to which informed politically; frequency of political discussions; development direction of the country; trust in institutions; stand on leading politicians of the country; stand on the countries Albania, Bulgaria, France, Greece, Croatia, Hungary, Macedonia, Germany, Romania, Russia, USA, Slovenia and Great Britain and to ethnic groups in Yugoslavia; satisfaction with the economic situation of the country; economic situation in comparison with that of a year ago; satisfaction with personal standard of living; development of standard of living in a year; development pace of economic changes; privatization of medium-sized companies; preferred economic form for the country; expectations and results of the economic programs of D. Avramovic; newest peace plan for Bosnia/Herzegovina; prospects for peace; persons primarily responsible for the problems; preferred solution of the refugee problem; expected end of the UN sanctions against Yugoslavia; danger of a civil war; Yugoslavia as federation of Serbia and Montenegro; solving the Kosovo problem; possible forms of cooperation of Yugoslavia, Croatia, Slovenia and the Muslim-Croatian part of Bosnia/Herzegovina; time of EU and NATO membership of Yugoslavia; election participation and decision at the last election and in the next election; reasons for voting decision; fulfillment of the election promises of the socialist party; greatest problems of the country; assessment of socialism; secure job versus high income; parties as representation of interests of farmers, workers, intelligentsia, entrepreneurs, schoolchildren and students, pensioners, of the entire population; support of the policies of Milosevic; geographic identity; stand on foreign investments, Jews, American influence in Yugoslavia, military presence of America in Europe, responsibility of the individual, maintenance of Yugoslav sovereignty under all circumstances and to the break-of the USSR; freedom of the press. Wahlverhalten, Fragen zum politischen System und zum Nationalitätenkonflikt sowie zu Medien. Themen: Nationalität; Religiosität; zu Hause gesprochene Sprache; Verstehen anderer Sprachen; Besitz von Radio, Fernseher, Videorecorder, Telefon, Computer, Auto; technische Voraussetzungen für den Radioempfang; Kabel- bzw. Satellitenanschluß; Email-anschluß; Häufigkeit des Medienkonsums in den letzten 3 Monaten; Vertrauen in einheimische Medien; zuverlässigste Informationsquelle; Häufigkeit des Hörens in- und ausländischer Radiostationen; präferierte Sendungen; Hören von "Radio Free Europe", "Voice of America" und "BBC" sowie präferierte Sendezeiten; Interesse an Politik; Wirtschaft, ethnischen Fragen, Medien, Wissenschaft, Umwelt, Gesundheit, Familie, Kunst, Kultur, Geschichte, Recht und Religion; Wichtigkeit politischer Informiertheit; Häufigkeit politischer Diskussionen; Entwicklungsrichtung des Landes; Vertrauen in Institutionen; Haltung zu den führenden Politikern des Landes; Haltung zu den Ländern Albanien, Bulgarien, Frankreich, Griechenland, Kroatien, Ungarn, Mazedonien, Deutschland, Rumänien, Rußland, USA, Slovenien und Großbritannien und zu ethnischen Gruppen in Jugoslawien; Zufriedenheit mit der ökonomischen Situation des Landes; ökonomische Situation im Vergleich zu der vor einem Jahr; Zufriedenheit mit eigenem Lebensstandard; Entwicklung des Lebensstandard in einem Jahr; Entwicklungstempo der ökonomischen Veränderungen; Privatisierung von mittleren Unternehmen; präferierte Wirtschaftsform für das Land; Erwartungen und Ergebnisse des Ökonomischen Programms von D. Avramovic; neuester Friedensplan für Bosnia/Herzegowina; Friedensaussichten; Hauptverantwortliche für die Probleme; präferierte Lösung des Flüchtlingsproblems; voraussichtliches Ende der UN-Sanktionen gegen Jugoslawien; Gefahr eines Bürgerkrieges; Jugoslawien als Föderation von Serbien und Montenegro; Lösung des Kosovo-Problems; mögliche Formen der Zusammenarbeit von Jugoslawien, Kroatien, Slovenien und dem muslemisch-kroatischen Teil von Bosnien/Herzegowina; Zeitpunkt der EU- und NATO-Mitgliedschaft Jugoslawiens; Wahlbeteiligung und -entscheidung bei der letzten Wahl und bei der nächsten Wahl; Gründe für Wahlentscheidung; Erfüllung der Wahlversprechen der sozialistischen Partei; größte Probleme des Landes; Einschätzung des Sozialismus; sicherer Arbeitsplatz versus hohes Einkommen; Parteien als Interessenvertreter der Bauern, Arbeiter, Intelligenz, Unternehmer, Schüler und Studenten, Rentner, der ganzen Bevölkerung; Unterstützung der Politik von Milosevic; geographische Identität; Haltung zu ausländischen Investitionen, Juden, amerikanischen Einfluß in Jugoslawien, militärischen Präsenz Amerikas in Europa, Verantwortung des Einzelnen, Aufrechterhaltung der jugoslawischen Souveränität unter allen Umständen und zum Zusammenbruch der UdSSR; Pressefreiheit.

In 1800, the region of modern-day North Macedonia had a population of approximately 392,000. The population grew steadily throughout the 19th century, and reached approximately 800,000 by the beginning of the 20th century. During this time the region was under Ottoman control, and was something of an ethnic melting pot, with significant shares of the population made up of Macedonians, Greeks, Turks, as well as other Slavic groups. The early-1900s saw control of the region pass between various powers, as the Ottoman Empire fell and gave way to a power vacuum in the Balkans. Following the Second World War, North Macedonia became a part of Yugoslavia; the war's end would also see a baby boom, along with increased population growth throughout the second half of the 20th century.

The gradual dissolution of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s gave way to the establishment of an independent Macedonia in 1991. This time also saw much emigration from the region, both within the former-region of Yugoslavia, as well as abroad; international migration was largely driven by economic factors, especially due to those associated with independence, as well as those associated with the strained political relationship with Greece. Disputes with Greece over the terms "Macedonia", "Macedonians", and their cultural significance, resulted in Greece blocking the country's applications to join the EU and NATO. Non-membership of both these organizations prevented the country from obtaining the associated socio-economic benefits for decades, before a referendum was held in 2018 to officially change the name to the "Republic of North Macedonia". Since this time, Greece has withdrawn its objections to North Macedonia's accession to the the EU and NATO, and the relationship between the two has improved. North Macedonia became a member of NATO in March 2020, however disputes with Bulgaria arose in November of the same year, which have further delayed accession to the EU. Over the past two decades, North Macedonia's population has grown, although it has remained fairly constant at just over two million people.

Abstract

In 1992, Bosnia-Herzegovina, one of the six republics in former Yugoslavia, became an independent nation. A civil war started soon thereafter, lasting until 1995 and causing widespread destruction and losses of lives. Following the Dayton accord, BosniaHerzegovina (BiH) emerged as an independent state comprised of two entities, namely, the Federation of Bosnia-Herzegovina (FBiH) and the Republika Srpska (RS), and the district of Brcko. In addition to the destruction caused to the physical infrastructure, there was considerable social disruption and decline in living standards for a large section of the population. Alongside these events, a period of economic transition to a market economy was occurring. The distributive impacts of this transition, both positive and negative, are unknown. In short, while it is clear that welfare levels have changed, there is very little information on poverty and social indicators on which to base policies and programs. In the post-war process of rebuilding the economic and social base of the country, the government has faced the problems created by having little relevant data at the household level. The three statistical organizations in the country (State Agency for Statistics for BiH -BHAS, the RS Institute of Statistics-RSIS, and the FBiH Institute of Statistics-FIS) have been active in working to improve the data available to policy makers: both at the macro and the household level. One facet of their activities is to design and implement a series of household series. The first of these surveys is the Living Standards Measurement Study survey (LSMS). Later surveys will include the Household Budget Survey (an Income and Expenditure Survey) and a Labour Force Survey. A subset of the LSMS households will be re-interviewed in the two years following the LSMS to create a panel data set.

The three statistical organizations began work on the design of the Living Standards Measurement Study Survey (LSMS) in 1999. The purpose of the survey was to collect data needed for assessing the living standards of the population and for providing the key indicators needed for social and economic policy formulation. The survey was to provide data at the country and the entity level and to allow valid comparisons between entities to be made. The LSMS survey was carried out in the Fall of 2001 by the three statistical organizations with financial and technical support from the Department for International Development of the British Government (DfID), United Nations Development Program (UNDP), the Japanese Government, and the World Bank (WB). The creation of a Master Sample for the survey was supported by the Swedish Government through SIDA, the European Commission, the Department for International Development of the British Government and the World Bank. The overall management of the project was carried out by the Steering Board, comprised of the Directors of the RS and FBiH Statistical Institutes, the Management Board of the State Agency for Statistics and representatives from DfID, UNDP and the WB. The day-to-day project activities were carried out by the Survey Management Team, made up of two professionals from each of the three statistical organizations. The Living Standard Measurement Survey LSMS, in addition to collecting the information necessary to obtain a comprehensive as possible measure of the basic dimensions of household living standards, has three basic objectives, as follows: 1. To provide the public sector, government, the business community, scientific institutions, international donor organizations and social organizations with information on different indicators of the population's living conditions, as well as on available resources for satisfying basic needs. 2. To provide information for the evaluation of the results of different forms of government policy and programs developed with the aim to improve the population's living standard. The survey will enable the analysis of the relations between and among different aspects of living standards (housing, consumption, education, health, labour) at a given time, as well as within a household. 3. To provide key contributions for development of government's Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper, based on analysed data.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Households

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

(a) SAMPLE SIZE A total sample of 5,400 households was determined to be adequate for the needs of the survey: with 2,400 in the Republika Srpska and 3,000 in the Federation of BiH. The difficulty was in selecting a probability sample that would be representative of the country's population. The sample design for any survey depends upon the availability of information on the universe of households and individuals in the country. Usually this comes from a census or administrative records. In the case of BiH the most recent census was done in 1991. The data from this census were rendered obsolete due to both the simple passage of time but, more importantly, due to the massive population displacements that occurred during the war. At the initial stages of this project it was decided that a master sample should be constructed. Experts from Statistics Sweden developed the plan for the master sample and provided the procedures for its construction. From this master sample, the households for the LSMS were selected. Master Sample [This section is based on Peter Lynn's note "LSMS Sample Design and Weighting - Summary". April, 2002. Essex University, commissioned by DfID.] The master sample is based on a selection of municipalities and a full enumeration of the selected municipalities. Optimally, one would prefer smaller units (geographic or administrative) than municipalities. However, while it was considered that the population estimates of municipalities were reasonably accurate, this was not the case for smaller geographic or administrative areas. To avoid the error involved in sampling smaller areas with very uncertain population estimates, municipalities were used as the base unit for the master sample. The Statistics Sweden team proposed two options based on this same method, with the only difference being in the number of municipalities included and enumerated.

(b) SAMPLE DESIGN For reasons of funding, the smaller option proposed by the team was used, or Option B. Stratification of Municipalities The first step in creating the Master Sample was to group the 146 municipalities in the country into three strata- Urban, Rural and Mixed - within each of the two entities. Urban municipalities are those where 65 percent or more of the households are considered to be urban, and rural municipalities are those where the proportion of urban households is below 35 percent. The remaining municipalities were classified as Mixed (Urban and Rural) Municipalities. Brcko was excluded from the sampling frame. Urban, Rural and Mixed Municipalities: It is worth noting that the urban-rural definitions used in BiH are unusual with such large administrative units as municipalities classified as if they were completely homogeneous. Their classification into urban, rural, mixed comes from the 1991 Census which used the predominant type of income of households in the municipality to define the municipality. This definition is imperfect in two ways. First, the distribution of income sources may have changed dramatically from the pre-war times: populations have shifted, large industries have closed, and much agricultural land remains unusable due to the presence of land mines. Second, the definition is not comparable to other countries' where villages, towns and cities are classified by population size into rural or urban or by types of services and infrastructure available. Clearly, the types of communities within a municipality vary substantially in terms of both population and infrastructure. However, these imperfections are not detrimental to the sample design (the urban/rural definition may not be very useful for analysis purposes, but that is a separate issue).

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Cleaning operations

(a) DATA ENTRY

An integrated approach to data entry and fieldwork was adopted in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Data entry proceeded side by side with data gathering to ensure verification and correction in the field. Data entry stations were located in the regional offices of the entity institutes and were equipped with computers, modem and a dedicated telephone line. The completed questionnaires were delivered to these stations each day for data entry. Twenty data entry operators (10 from Federation and 10 from RS) were trained in two training sessions held for a week each in Sarajevo and Banja Luka. The trainers were the staff of the two entity institutes who had undergone training in the CSPro software earlier and had participated in the workshops of the Pilot survey. Prior to the training, laptop computers were provided to the entity institutes, and the CSPro software was installed in them. The training for the data entry operators covered the following elements:

• Introduction to the LSMS Survey questionnaire; Introduction to the personal computers/ lap top computers; Copying data on diskette and printing of output
• The Data entry programme (CSPro). Understanding of the Round 1 data entry screens (Modules 1-10)
• Practice of Round 1 (data entry trainees enter questionnaires completed by interviewer trainees during practice interviews)
• Understanding of Round 2 Data entry screen (Modules 11-13)
• Practice of Round 2 Data entry screens (data entry trainees entered the questionnaires completed by interviewer trainees)
• Control Procedures; Copying

The purpose of the research is to obtain the views and opinions of immigrants and descendants of immigrants from the territory of the former Yugoslavia on their social inclusion/exclusion and to collect data that represent a qualitative starting point for upgrading the existing Slovenian integration policy. The research focuses on the largest population of non-Slovenians - immigrants and their descendants from the territory of the former Yugoslavia who have Slovenian citizenship. The structured questionnaire included ninety-four questions grouped into nine thematic blocks: quality of life, school and language, media, religion, socio-economic status, culture, contacts, political participation.

BackgroundWomen's happiness and life satisfaction, often summarized as subjective wellbeing, are of great value for most individuals and are associated with various determinants. The countries of the Western Balkan are of particular interest after the political changes in the nineties. Are the women satisfied with their lives today?MethodsWe use the most recent datasets of the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) for women 15–49 years old and with comparable data coverage for three countries of the Western Balkan belonging to the former Yugoslavia, namely Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia. After sorting out variables of limited relevance or quality (missing values >50%), the remaining 32 variables followed a descriptive analysis. Four potential determinants of subjective wellbeing (SWB), an integration of happiness and satisfaction with life, entered an interactive Classification and Regression Tree (iC&RT) to account for their mostly bivariate format: age, education, region, and wealth.ResultsThe iC&RT analysis determines the influence of 4 independent variables (age, education, region, and wealth) on overall happiness, satisfaction with life, and subjective wellbeing, resulting in a high overall SWB of 88.9% for Montenegro, 82.1% for North Macedonia, and 83% for Serbia. The high relevance of younger age, higher education, and wealth, as critical determinants of a high SWB, and the lesser role of regions except for Serbia is confirmed. The spread of SWB in defined population subgroups ranges from 80.5–92.6% for Montenegro, 64.2–86.8% for North Macedonia, and 75.8–87.4% for Serbia.ConclusionsThe three selected South-Eastern European countries of the former Yugoslavia (Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia) represent high levels of subjective wellbeing of women and a narrow range between the lowest and highest population groups. Women in Montenegro take a top position regarding their subjective wellbeing.

People from Yugoslavia and its successor states as a percentage of the population at the level of the lifeworld-oriented areas (LOR), representation of the planning areas

The research project Political Resocialization of Immigrants (PRI) examines political interest and participation among immigrants. The aim of the project was to study immigrant´s relations to community and politics; their living conditions; experiences of immigration to Sweden; factors possible to stimulate increasing political commitment; political attitudes and political behaviour; representatives and demands; information about the Swedish administrative and political system. More than 2 500 interviews were conducted in 1975-1976 with random samples of immigrants born in Finland, Yugoslavia, Poland and Turkey, and a comparison group of Swedish citizens in the 18-67 age group and domiciled in Stockholm municipality. Stratified samples drawn from among the respondents from the first-wave survey were reinterviewed in an election survey during the weeks following the municipal elections of September 1976, in which immigrants participated for the first time. The first-wave interview included questions on: time of moving to Sweden and Stockholm respectively; places of living; language spoken by the respondent, and language spoken by partner and children; newspaper read (Swedish and from native country) and news listened to (Swedish and from other countries); how the respondent would act in a situation when there is a risk of unemployment; circle of friends; organizational membership and activities; knowledge of who to address in Stockholm in different situations; contacts with authorities; important problems in society; interest in Swedish politics; participation in elections in native country and in Sweden; comparison of the personal situation in a number of areas at present and when living in native country; own situation compared with other immigrants and with Swedes respectively; present and earlier occupation; placement in a ´pyramid of society´ in native country and in Sweden; organizational activities of parents; religiosity, own and parents´. In connection with this interview the respondent had to fill in a questionnaire, in which she/he had to state if she/he agreed or not with a number of general statements and a number of statements concerning her/his own nationality. The election survey included questions about election programs in radio and television, study circles discussing the election, information pamphlets, political meetings, knowledge of candidates, voting, important issues in the election campaign, political parties with special interest in issues concerning immigrants, attempts to influence other people how to vote, comparison between Swedish political parties and parties in the native country, interest in election turn-out, and when the respondent decided to vote/not to vote.

Citizens from Yugoslavia and its successor states as a percentage of the population at the planning area level (Monitoring Soziale Stadtentwicklung 2010)

Abstract

Goals aimed at preserving and promoting the health of this extremely vulnerable population subgroup were formulated at the World Summit for Children in 1990. This survey was conducted in order to determine the progress achieved toward these goals in the FR Yugoslavia, and it was limited to children under five years of age, their mothers (carers) and the households in which they live. Specific goals of the survey included determining: - the water and sanitation situation - what mothers' (carers) know and do about the most common diseases in children - acute respiratory infections and diarrhea - the existing breastfeeding practices - the coverage of children by BCG, DTP, polio and measles vaccinations - the nutritional status of the children in this age group

Geographic coverage

Former Yugoslavia, FR

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

A two-stage stratified cluster sample was used in the survey. The first-stage units were local communities in urban settlements, and settlements themselves in rural areas. Within these, household clusters were selected for interviewing. This produced accurate assessments of the indicators observed for the FR Yugoslavia as a whole, the republics of Montenegro and Serbia, the provinces of Vojvodina and Kosovo-Metohija, central Serbia and the Belgrade area. Differences between urban and rural settlements were also obtained for each of these levels of evaluation.

More detailed sampling procedure is available in Section "The Content, Methodology and Sample" of the report.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The survey covers households, mothers (carers) of children under five years of age and children under five years of age. The survey itself consists of seven parts - modules: 1. The Household Module. In this module, the interviewers collected basic data on households (the number of members, type of flooring, number of rooms and lists of mothers (child carers) and children under five years of age living in the household and their main characteristics - sex and age. 2. Module 1: Water and sanitation. Methods for providing population with drinking water and disposing of waste matter (liquid and solid) were surveyed. 3. Module 2: Care of children with acute respiratory infections. The care of children with acute respiratory infections was surveyed, as well as mothers' practices with regard to ARI. 4. Module 3: Diarrhoea. The extent to which oral rehydration salts (ORT) are used was surveyed, as well as the incidence of diarrhoea and mothers' knowledge about diarrhoea. 5. Module 4: Breastfeeding. The existing patterns of breastfeeding were surveyed. 6. Module 5: Immunisation. The coverage of children by BCG, DTP, polio and measles vaccinations was surveyed. 7. Module 6: Anthropometry. Weight and height/length in children under five years of age was measured; children were also examined for the presence of a BCG scar.

Cleaning operations

A special program was designed for entering the data with the necessary checks for each question, answer-question links and the coverage of particular clusters. In particular, the hierarchical links between the household-mother-child entities were controlled. The program involved auto-coding for the characteristics that had to be coded. Ten well-trained operators were entering the data. They were first trained and made familiar with the goal and content of the survey, the structure of the questionnaires, the links between certain entities and the logic control rules.

After the data were entered, several control tables were made according to entities to spot regularly occurring errors at the aggregate level that might have occurred either while the questionnaires were being filled in or during data entering. Special attention was paid to measuring weight and height relative to the age of the children. Afler all the errors were corrected, the data were arranged in tables.

In 1992, Bosnia-Herzegovina, one of the six republics in former Yugoslavia, became an independent nation. A civil war started soon thereafter, lasting until 1995 and causing widespread destruction and losses of lives. Following the Dayton accord, BosniaHerzegovina (BiH) emerged as an independent state comprised of two entities, namely, the Federation of Bosnia-Herzegovina (FBiH) and the Republika Srpska (RS), and the district of Brcko. In addition to the destruction caused to the physical infrastructure, there was considerable social disruption and decline in living standards for a large section of the population. Along side these events, a period of economic transition to a market economy was occurring. The distributive impacts of this transition, both positive and negative, are unknown. In short, while it is clear that welfare levels have changed, there is very little information on poverty and social indicators on which to base policies and programs. In the post-war process of rebuilding the economic and social base of the country, the government has faced the problems created by having little relevant data at the household level. The three statistical organizations in the country (State Agency for Statistics for BiH –BHAS, the RS Institute of Statistics-RSIS, and the FBiH Institute of Statistics-FIS) have been active in working to improve the data available to policy makers: both at the macro and the household level. One facet of their activities is to design and implement a series of household series. The first of these surveys is the Living Standards Measurement Study survey (LSMS). Later surveys will include the Household Budget Survey (an Income and Expenditure Survey) and a Labor Force Survey. A subset of the LSMS households will be re-interviewed in the two years following the LSMS to create a panel data set. The three statistical organizations began work on the design of the Living Standards Measurement Study Survey (LSMS) in 1999. The purpose of the survey was to collect data needed for assessing the living standards of the population and for providing the key indicators needed for social and economic policy formulation. The survey was to provide data at the country and the entity level and to allow valid comparisons between entities to be made. The LSMS survey was carried out in the Fall of 2001 by the three statistical organizations with financial and technical support from the Department for International Development of the British Government (DfID), United Nations Development Program (UNDP), the Japanese Government, and the World Bank (WB). The creation of a Master Sample for the survey was supported by the Swedish Government through SIDA, the European Commission, the Department for International Development of the British Government and the World Bank. The overall management of the project was carried out by the Steering Board, comprised of the Directors of the RS and FBiH Statistical Institutes, the Management Board of the State Agency for Statistics and representatives from DfID, UNDP and the WB. The day-to-day project activities were carried out by the Survey Mangement Team, made up of two professionals from each of the three statistical organizations. The Living Standard Measurement Survey LSMS, in addition to collecting the information necessary to obtain a comprehensive as possible measure of the basic dimensions of household living standards, has three basic objectives, as follows: 1. To provide the public sector, government, the business community, scientific institutions, international donor organizations and social organizations with information on different indicators of the population’s living conditions, as well as on available resources for satisfying basic needs. 2. To provide information for the evaluation of the results of different forms of government policy and programs developed with the aim to improve the population’s living standard. The survey will enable the analysis of the relations between and among different aspects of living standards (housing, consumption, education, health, labor) at a given time, as well as within a household. 3. To provide key contributions for development of government’s Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper, based on analyzed data.

Mortality rate ratios (MRRs) are adjusted for age at follow-up and calendar period at baseline. The reference group is Sweden-born men. MRR values significantly different from 1.0 are highlighted in bold.*Continents, regions, and countries with at least five cases of cancer mortality.aThe former Czechoslovakia includes Czechoslovakia, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic.bThe former Soviet Union includes Belarus, Moldova, Russian Federation, Soviet Union, and Ukraine.cThe former Yugoslavia includes Yugoslavia, Croatia, Macedonia, Serbia, Slovenia, and Montenegro.

In 2020, the median age of the Serbian population was nearly 43.4 years, having increased steadily from 1950. By 2100, the median age was expected to reach approximately 51.8 years. The median age is the age that divides a population into two numerically equal groups; that is, half the people are younger than this age and half are older. It is a single index that summarizes the age distribution of a population.

Mortality rate ratios (MRRs) are adjusted for age at follow-up and calendar period at baseline. The reference group is Sweden-born women.*Continents, regions, and countries with at least five cases of cancer mortality.aThe former Czechoslovakia includes Czechoslovakia, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic.bThe former Soviet Union includes Belarus, Moldova, Russian Federation, Soviet Union, and Ukraine.cThe former Yugoslavia includes Yugoslavia, Croatia, Macedonia, Serbia, Slovenia, and Montenegro.

Summary of key characteristics from the global names dataset from 17 countries extracted from WorldNames. The year refers to the publication date of the telephone directory (Electoral Register in Great Britain), and the country's population refer to the closest available year. () Ex-Yugoslavia in 2006 includes current day Serbia, Montenegro & Kosovo; (*) the four city-regions in India are Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Hyderabad metropolitan areas.