The statistic shows the share of consumers who watch Fox News in the United States as of April 2017, sorted by gender. During the survey, ** percent of male respondents stated that they watched the cable news channel.

As of April 2017, ** percent of adults in the United States aged between 55 and 64 years old said that they watched Fox News, making viewers in this age category the cable news channel’s most avid audience. Conversely, younger generations were less likely to say that they watched Fox News.

Fox News’ demographic

In 2018, Fox News’ website was the highest rated online news brand in the United States based on index score, ranking above USA Today, ABC and the New York Times. However, Fox News’ audience is greatly affected by age and as such relies on its older audiences more so than younger viewers. As of August 2018, CNN was the most popular source for TV news among U.S. Millennials, whereas Fox was by far the most preferable among respondents aged 55 or above.

Fox News and trust

Trust in news has become a major topic in recent years, with consumers all over the world encountering fake news stories and even key figures labeling certain content as false in an attempt to smear news publications. A 2018 survey revealed that the majority of U.S. adults said that they believed Fox News was extremely biased, and another study showed that attitudes towards the trustworthiness of Fox News were mixed. Fox News’ credibility has been called into question in recent years, with viewers also scrutinizing Fox’s main competitors CNN and MSNBC as trust, transparency and accuracy become increasingly important to news consumers.

During a survey held in the U.S. in spring 2023, it was found that adults aged above 45 years were the most likely to say they never watched Fox News, with more than double the share of those aged 45 to 64 years or 65 years or above saying they never tuned into the news channel than adults aged 18 to 29 years. Similarly, ** percent of adults in the latter age bracket watched Fox News weekly, compared to only one percent of adults aged 65 or older.

The statistic shows the share of consumers who watch Fox News in the United States as of April 2017, sorted by political affiliation. During the survey, ** percent of Democrat respondents stated that they watched the cable news channel.

In the early weeks of the 2020 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the Fox News Channel advanced a skeptical narrative that downplayed the risks posed by the virus. We find that this narrative had significant consequences: in localities with higher Fox News viewership-exogenous due to random variation in channel positioning-people were less likely to adopt behaviors geared toward social distancing (e.g., staying at home) and consumed fewer goods in preparation (e.g., cleaning products, hand sanitizers, masks). Using original survey data, we find that the effect of Fox News came not merely from its long-standing distrustful stance toward science, but also due to program-specific content that minimized the COVID-19 threat. Taken together, our results demonstrate the significant impact that misinformation in media coverage can exert on viewers' beliefs and behavior, even in high stakes situations.

A survey held in the U.S. in spring 2023 found that ** percent of white adults rarely or never watched Fox News, and the figure was similar for Black respondents. Hispanic Americans were the most engaged with the news channel, with over ** percent watching Fox News at least weekly.

Cable TV news consumption is on the decline. Adults aged between 18 and 34 years old were the least likely to use cable TV networks as a source of news, with a survey held in the United States in August 2022 revealing that 45 percent never did so. Younger consumers preferred social media sites for keeping up to date, and whilst their older peers turned to cable news more frequently, network news was still a more popular daily news source.

Falling cable news ratings

Back in 2017, FOX News, the leading cable news network in the United States, had an average of almost 470 thousand viewers in the primetime demo. With the exception of 2020 where news consumption soared during the COVID-19 pandemic, ratings have fallen consecutively each year, and by 2022, FOX’s average viewer count sank to 341 thousand. CNN and MSNBC saw even greater drops in their audiences, with the latter seeing its ratings fall by more than 2.5 times between 2017 and 2022.

Why the drop in ratings?

Cable and satellite TV is no longer the norm: only adults aged 60 or above express a preference for traditional TV over video streaming services and apps, and among certain age groups the share who preferred the latter was over 70 percent. Indeed, a 2022 survey found that the majority of Gen Z, millennials, and Gen X did not have a cable subscription. The main reason for cutting the cord was price, with over a third of adults saying that cable was simply too expensive.

What are the most-watched news networks? In November 2023, Fox News was the most watched cable news network in the United States and continues to do well in terms of its primetime audience, with **** million primetime viewers in that period. Fox News viewers in the 25-54 demographic amounted to *** thousand, whilst MSNBC had just *** thousand. When looking at Fox News viewers compared to CNN, the overall average number of primetime viewers was notably different. CNN has been losing viewers in recent years, although during the coronavirus outbreak, tended to pull in a larger audience than usual. Which cable news channel has the most viewers in prime time? Performing well during the mid-evening prime time slot on cable television is the goal of any network that takes its ratings seriously.Cable news networks like Fox, CNN, and MSNBC are engaged in a monthly battle to hit the top spot during primetime and grab the highest cable news ratings during those precious evening hours. Fox News ratings during primetime are generally higher than its two direct competitors, and was the top channel for watching the State of the Union Address in 2020. What is prime time TV? Primetime television is the time at which the audience peaks, and in the United States usually takes place between 8pm and 11pm. TV networks show their most sought after or successful programs during this time, and this slot is where advertisers like to spend their money in order to maximize the number of viewers who will see their products. In fact, many of the most-watched news shows like Hannity or The Rachel Maddow Show which debate news coverage from a particular point of view, draw in massive audiences each month, ultimately contributing to the overall ratings of the network they belong to.

Many Americans consume aligned partisan media, which scholars worry contributes to polarization. Many propose encouraging these Americans to consume cross-cutting media to moderate their attitudes. However, motivated reasoning theory posits that exposure to cross-cutting media could backfire, exacerbating polarization. Building on theories that sustained exposure to novel information can overcome motivated reasoning and that partisan sources on opposite sides cover distinct information, we argue that sustained consumption of cross-cutting media leads voters to learn uncongenial information and moderate their attitudes in covered domains. To test this argument, we used data on actual TV viewership to recruit a sample of regular Fox News viewers and incentivized a randomized treatment group to watch CNN instead for a month. Contrary to predictions from motivated reasoning, watching CNN caused substantial learning and moderated participants' attitudes in covered domains. We close by discussing challenges partisan media may pose for democracy.

This paper shows that partisan cable news broadcasts have a causal effect on the size and composition of budgets in U.S. localities. Using exogenous channel positioning as an instrument for viewership, we show that exposure to the conservative Fox News Channel reduces both revenues and expenditures. Multiple mechanisms drive these results: Fox News improves election chances for local Republicans, alters politician campaign agendas, and directly shifts voter policy preferences on fiscal issues. Consistent with the priorities of small-government conservatism, we find evidence that the reduction in public services is compensated by increased private provision, in particular through higher student attendance at private schools. The "Fox News Effect" is not just limited to vote shares; it also moves policy to the right.

In the final quarter of 2020, CNN averaged 412 thousand total day viewers aged between 25 and 54 years. The cable news network managed to attract a greater amount of viewers from this younger demographic compared to its competitors Fox News and MSNBC. Fox News was the leading network with almost **** million total day viewers in Q4 2020.

A survey held in the U.S. in spring 2023 found that ** percent of Republicans watched Fox News every day or a few times per week, compared to only ** percent of Democrats. More than a third of Democrats and Independents never engaged with Fox News, along with ** percent of Republicans, highlighting the ongoing struggle cable networks face in keeping viewer numbers up.

The timeline shows the number of Fox News viewers in primetime in the United States from 2014 to 2016. In September 2016, the channel had 2.31 million viewers in the primetime slot, up from 1.76 million a year earlier.

Associated Press (AP) VoteCast is a survey of the American electorate conducted in all 50 states by the National Opinion Research Center (NORC) at the University of Chicago for the Associated Press (AP) and Fox News. The survey is funded by AP. The survey of 120,896 registered voters was conducted between October 31st and November 8th, 2022, concluding as polls closed on Election Day. Interviews were conducted via phone and web, with 4,506 completing by phone and 116,309 completing by web. AP VoteCast combines interviews with a random sample of registered voters drawn from state voter files; with self-identified registered voters conducted using NORC's probability-based AmeriSpeak panel, which is designed to be representative of the U.S. population; and with self-identified registered voters selected from nonprobability online panels. Interviews were conducted in English and Spanish. Participants selected from state voter files were contacted by phone and mail, and had the opportunity to take the survey by phone or online.

Overview
The Controllable Multimodal Feedback Synthesis (CMFeed) Dataset is designed to enable the generation of sentiment-controlled feedback from multimodal inputs, including text and images. This dataset can be used to train feedback synthesis models in both uncontrolled and sentiment-controlled manners. Serving a crucial role in advancing research, the CMFeed dataset supports the development of human-like feedback synthesis, a novel task defined by the dataset's authors. Additionally, the corresponding feedback synthesis models and benchmark results are presented in the associated code and research publication.

Task Uniqueness: The task of controllable multimodal feedback synthesis is unique, distinct from LLMs and tasks like VisDial, and not addressed by multi-modal LLMs. LLMs often exhibit errors and hallucinations, as evidenced by their auto-regressive and black-box nature, which can obscure the influence of different modalities on the generated responses [Ref1; Ref2]. Our approach includes an interpretability mechanism, as detailed in the supplementary material of the corresponding research publication, demonstrating how metadata and multimodal features shape responses and learn sentiments. This controllability and interpretability aim to inspire new methodologies in related fields.

Data Collection and Annotation
Data was collected by crawling Facebook posts from major news outlets, adhering to ethical and legal standards. The comments were annotated using four sentiment analysis models: FLAIR, SentimentR, RoBERTa, and DistilBERT. Facebook was chosen for dataset construction because of the following factors:
• Facebook was chosen for data collection because it uniquely provides metadata such as news article link, post shares, post reaction, comment like, comment rank, comment reaction rank, and relevance scores, not available on other platforms.
• Facebook is the most used social media platform, with 3.07 billion monthly users, compared to 550 million Twitter and 500 million Reddit users. [Ref]
• Facebook is popular across all age groups (18-29, 30-49, 50-64, 65+), with at least 58% usage, compared to 6% for Twitter and 3% for Reddit. [Ref]. Trends are similar for gender, race, ethnicity, income, education, community, and political affiliation [Ref]
• The male-to-female user ratio on Facebook is 56.3% to 43.7%; on Twitter, it's 66.72% to 23.28%; Reddit does not report this data. [Ref]

Filtering Process: To ensure high-quality and reliable data, the dataset underwent two levels of filtering:
a) Model Agreement Filtering: Retained only comments where at least three out of the four models agreed on the sentiment.
b) Probability Range Safety Margin: Comments with a sentiment probability between 0.49 and 0.51, indicating low confidence in sentiment classification, were excluded.
After filtering, 4,512 samples were marked as XX. Though these samples have been released for the reader's understanding, they were not used in training the feedback synthesis model proposed in the corresponding research paper.

Dataset Description
• Total Samples: 61,734
• Total Samples Annotated: 57,222 after filtering.
• Total Posts: 3,646
• Average Likes per Post: 65.1
• Average Likes per Comment: 10.5
• Average Length of News Text: 655 words
• Average Number of Images per Post: 3.7

Components of the Dataset
The dataset comprises two main components:
• CMFeed.csv File: Contains metadata, comment, and reaction details related to each post.
• Images Folder: Contains folders with images corresponding to each post.

Data Format and Fields of the CSV File
The dataset is structured in CMFeed.csv file along with corresponding images in related folders. This CSV file includes the following fields:
• Id: Unique identifier
• Post: The heading of the news article.
• News_text: The text of the news article.
• News_link: URL link to the original news article.
• News_Images: A path to the folder containing images related to the post.
• Post_shares: Number of times the post has been shared.
• Post_reaction: A JSON object capturing reactions (like, love, etc.) to the post and their counts.
• Comment: Text of the user comment.
• Comment_like: Number of likes on the comment.
• Comment_reaction_rank: A JSON object detailing the type and count of reactions the comment received.
• Comment_link: URL link to the original comment on Facebook.
• Comment_rank: Rank of the comment based on engagement and relevance.
• Score: Sentiment score computed based on the consensus of sentiment analysis models.
• Agreement: Indicates the consensus level among the sentiment models, ranging from -4 (all negative) to 4 (all positive). 3 negative and 1 positive will result into -2 and 3 positives and 1 negative will result into +2.
• Sentiment_class: Categorizes the sentiment of the comment into 1 (positive) or 0 (negative).

More Considerations During Dataset Construction
We thoroughly considered issues such as the choice of social media platform for data collection, bias and generalizability of the data, selection of news handles/websites, ethical protocols, privacy and potential misuse before beginning data collection. While achieving completely unbiased and fair data is unattainable, we endeavored to minimize biases and ensure as much generalizability as possible. Building on these considerations, we made the following decisions about data sources and handling to ensure the integrity and utility of the dataset:

• Why not merge data from different social media platforms? We chose not to merge data from platforms such as Reddit and Twitter with Facebook due to the lack of comprehensive metadata, clear ethical guidelines, and control mechanisms—such as who can comment and whether users' anonymity is maintained—on these platforms other than Facebook. These factors are critical for our analysis. Our focus on Facebook alone was crucial to ensure consistency in data quality and format.

• Choice of four news handles: We selected four news handles—BBC News, Sky News, Fox News, and NY Daily News—to ensure diversity and comprehensive regional coverage. These news outlets were chosen for their distinct regional focuses and editorial perspectives: BBC News is known for its global coverage with a centrist view, Sky News offers geographically targeted and politically varied content learning center/right in the UK/EU/US, Fox News is recognized for its right-leaning content in the US, and NY Daily News provides left-leaning coverage in New York. Many other news handles such as NDTV, The Hindu, Xinhua, and SCMP are also large-scale but may contain information in regional languages such as Indian and Chinese, hence, they have not been selected. This selection ensures a broad spectrum of political discourse and audience engagement.

• Dataset Generalizability and Bias: With 3.07 billion of the total 5 billion social media users, the extensive user base of Facebook, reflective of broader social media engagement patterns, ensures that the insights gained are applicable across various platforms, reducing bias and strengthening the generalizability of our findings. Additionally, the geographic and political diversity of these news sources, ranging from local (NY Daily News) to international (BBC News), and spanning political spectra from left (NY Daily News) to right (Fox News), ensures a balanced representation of global and political viewpoints in our dataset. This approach not only mitigates regional and ideological biases but also enriches the dataset with a wide array of perspectives, further solidifying the robustness and applicability of our research.

• Dataset size and diversity: Facebook prohibits the automatic scraping of its users' personal data. In compliance with this policy, we manually scraped publicly available data. This labor-intensive process requiring around 800 hours of manual effort, limited our data volume but allowed for precise selection. We followed ethical protocols for scraping Facebook data , selecting 1000 posts from each of the four news handles to enhance diversity and reduce bias. Initially, 4000 posts were collected; after preprocessing (detailed in Section 3.1), 3646 posts remained. We then processed all associated comments, resulting in a total of 61734 comments. This manual method ensures adherence to Facebook’s policies and the integrity of our dataset.

Ethical considerations, data privacy and misuse prevention
The data collection adheres to Facebook’s ethical guidelines [<a href="https://developers.facebook.com/terms/"

In 2024, the leading cable news network in the United States was Fox News. The network had an average of *** thousand primetime viewers in the primetime demo (adults aged 25 to 54 years old) in that year, once again outperforming MSNBC and CNN by a significant margin. That said, 2023 marked the first time Fox News saw its ratings fall below *******, higher ratings in 2024 can in large part be explained by the election cycle.

Assessing population trends and their underlying factors is critical to propose efficient conservation actions. This assessment can be particularly challenging when dealing with highly mobile, shy and nocturnal animals such as flying-foxes. Here we investigated the dynamics of hunted populations of Pteropus ornatus and P. tonganus in the Northern Province of New Caledonia. First, an ethno-ecological survey involving 219 local experts identified 494 flying-fox roosts. Current status was assessed for 379 of them, among which 125 were no longer occupied, representing a loss of 33% over ca. 40 years. Second, species-specific counts conducted at 35 roosts, and a sample of animals killed by hunters, revealed that the endemic species, P. ornatus, was dominant (68.5%). Between 2010 and 2016, 30 roosts were counted annually during the pre-parturition period. Roosts size averaged 1,425 ± 2,151 individuals (N = 180 counts) and showed high among-year variations (roost-specific CV = 37–162%). If we recorded significant inter-annual variation, we did not detect a significant decline over the 7-yr period, although one roost went possibly extinct. Population size of the two species combined was estimated at 338,000−859,000 individuals distributed over ca. 400 roosts in the Northern Province. Flying-foxes are popular game species and constitute traditional food for all communities of New Caledonia. Annual bags derived from a food survey allowed us to estimate harvesting rates at 5–14%. Such a level of harvesting for species with a ‘slow’ demography, the occurrence of poaching and illegal trade, suggest the current species use might not be sustainable and further investigations are critically needed.

Partisan media—typically characterized by incivility—has become a defining element of the American political communication environment. While scholars have explored the consequences of partisan media for political attitudes and behaviors, little work has looked at how variations in incivility moderate partisan media’s effects. Using a population-based survey experiment, we show that incivility affectively de¬polarizes partisans when it comes from an in-party source (e.g., MSNBC for Democrats, Fox News for Republicans). Incivility on out-party sources affectively polarizes the audience, however, and we show that the respondent’s degree of conflict aversion conditions these effects. Our results raise intriguing normative questions about the tradeoffs between polarization and incivility, and highlight how scholars must account for both levels of incivility and partisan slant when studying the effects of partisan media.

This special topic poll, fielded November 19-23, 2009, focuses on the opinions of a multitude of political matters including an oversample of respondents identifying themselves as Republican. Respondents were asked how satisfied they were with how the country's political system was working, how they felt about the Obama Administration policies, the policies offered by Republicans in Congress, and if the leadership of the Republican Party was taking the party in the right direction. Respondents were also asked whether Republicans should mainly work with the Democrats to try to get some Republican ideas into legislation or try to stop the Democratic agenda, whether they should try to stop the changes proposed by the Democrats for the country's health care system, and whether they should try to stop the changes proposed by the Democrats for the country's energy policy. They were queried on whether President Obama, the Democratic Party, and the Republican Party shared their views on most issues. They were asked if Republicans in Congress understood their problems, shared their personal values, and stood up for the core values of the Republican Party. Furthermore, they were queried on whether the Republican Party put too much emphasis on Second Amendment gun rights, same-sex marriage, abortion, federal spending, taxes, the environment, illegal immigration, the economy, and jobs. Opinions were sought on which Republican leader best reflected the core values of the Republican Party, whether religion should have a greater influence in politics and public life, how comfortable the respondent felt expressing their true feelings about politics, and whether most friends and family thought of themselves as Democrats, Republicans, or Independents. They were asked whether they would vote to re-elect Obama in 2012, for whom they would vote for in the Republican presidential primary, how much they blamed George W. Bush for current problems in the Republican Party, whether Sarah Palin had a good effect on the Republican Party, and whether the news media was fair to Sarah Palin. Respondents were queried on whether they thought television news was biased towards the Republican Party, the Democratic Party, and the Obama Administration. Information was collected on how often the respondents watched Fox News and MSNBC, and how often they listened to Glenn Beck and Rush Limbaugh. They were also queried on whether they thought abortion should be legal and whether they supported government bailouts for companies hit by the economic crisis. Demographic information includes age, race, sex, education level, religious preference, religiosity, party affiliation, voter participation, household income, and whether the respondent is a born-again Christian.

The findings of a study conducted in January 2023 revealed that all three major U.S. cable networks had their biggest audiences in suburban areas, and Fox News had the highest share of viewers hailing from rural communities. Fox was also the least likely to attract urban audiences, with just 26 percent of its regular viewers living in larger metropolitan areas.