Since 1980, Europe's largest economies have consistently been France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom, although the former Soviet Union's economy was the largest in the 1980s, and Russia's economy has been larger than Spain's since 2010. Since Soviet dissolution, Germany has always had the largest economy in Europe, while either France or the UK has had the second largest economy depending on the year. Italy's economy was of a relatively similar size to that of the UK and France until the mid-2000s when it started to diverge, resulting in a difference of approximately 800 billion U.S dollars by 2018. Russia's economy had overtaken both Italy and Spain's in 2012, but has fallen since 2014 due to the drop in international oil prices and the economic sanctions imposed for its annexation of Crimea - economic growth is expected to be comparatively low in Russia in the coming years due to the economic fallout of its invasion of Ukraine in 2022. In 2025, Germany, now the world's third-largest economy, was estimated at over *** trillion U.S. dollars.

The gross domestic product of the United Kingdom was around 2.56 trillion British pounds, an increase when compared to the previous year, when UK GDP amounted to about 2.54 trillion pounds. The significant drop in GDP visible in 2020 was due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with the smaller declines in 2008 and 2009 because of the global financial crisis of the late 2000s. Low growth problem in the UK Despite growing by 0.9 percent in 2024, and 0.4 percent in 2023 the UK economy is not that much larger than it was before the COVID-19 pandemic. Since recovering from a huge fall in GDP in the second quarter of 2020, the UK economy has alternated between periods of contraction and low growth, with the UK even in a recession at the end of 2023. While economic growth picked up somewhat in 2024, GDP per capita is lower than it was in 2022, following two years of negative growth. UK's global share of GDP falling As of 2024, the UK had the sixth-largest economy in the world, behind the United States, China, Japan, Germany, and India. Among European nations, this meant that the UK currently has the second-largest economy in Europe, although the economy of France, Europe's third-largest economy, is of a similar size. The UK's global economic ranking will likely fall in the coming years, however, with the UK's share of global GDP expected to fall from 2.16 percent in 2025 to 2.02 percent by 2029.  

France FR: GDP: USD: Gross National Income per Capita: Atlas Method data was reported at 37,970.000 USD in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 38,780.000 USD for 2016. France FR: GDP: USD: Gross National Income per Capita: Atlas Method data is updated yearly, averaging 20,090.000 USD from Dec 1962 (Median) to 2017, with 56 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 44,190.000 USD in 2011 and a record low of 1,560.000 USD in 1962. France FR: GDP: USD: Gross National Income per Capita: Atlas Method data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s France – Table FR.World Bank: Gross Domestic Product: Nominal. GNI per capita (formerly GNP per capita) is the gross national income, converted to U.S. dollars using the World Bank Atlas method, divided by the midyear population. GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons across economies, although an alternative rate is used when the official exchange rate is judged to diverge by an exceptionally large margin from the rate actually applied in international transactions. To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, a special Atlas method of conversion is used by the World Bank. This applies a conversion factor that averages the exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of inflation between the country, and through 2000, the G-5 countries (France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States). From 2001, these countries include the Euro area, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States.; ; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; Weighted Average;

505 Economics is on a mission to make academic economics accessible. We've developed the first monthly sub-national GDP data for EU and UK regions from January 2015 onwards.

Our GDP dataset uses luminosity as a proxy for GDP. The brighter a place, the more economic activity that place tends to have.

We produce the data using high-resolution night time satellite imagery and Artificial Intelligence.

This builds on our academic research at the London School of Economics, and we're producing the dataset in collaboration with the European Space Agency BIC UK.

We have published peer-reviewed academic articles on the usage of luminosity as an accurate proxy for GDP.

Key features:

• Granular: Data is provided at the following geographical units:
  • NUTS3 (e.g. London Boroughs),
  • NUTS2 (e.g. London),
  • NUTS1 (e.g. England), and
  • NUTS0 (e.g. United Kingdom) levels.
• Frequent: Data is provided every month from January 2015. This is more frequent than the annualised official datasets.
• Timely: Data is provided with a one month lag (i.e. the data for January 2021 was published at the end of February 2021). This is substantially quicker than the 18 month lag of official datasets.
• Accurate: Our dataset uses Deep Learning to maximise accuracy (RMSE 1.2%).

The dataset can be used by:

• Governments and policy makers - to monitor the performance of local economies, to measure the localised impact of policies, and to get a real-time indication of economic activity.
• Financial services - to get an indication of national-level GDP before official GDP statistics are released
• Engineering companies - to monitor and evaluate the localised impact of infrastructure projects
• Consultancies - to forecast the localised impact of specific projects, to retrospectively monitor and evaluate the localised impact of existing projects
• Economics firms - to create macro forecasts at the national and sub-national level, to assess the impact of policy interventions.
• Academia / Think Tanks - to conduct novel research at the local level. E.g. our dataset can be used to measure the impact of localised COVID-19 lockdowns.

We have created this dataset for all UK sub-national regions, 28 EU Countries and Switzerland.

United Kingdom UK: GDP: USD: Gross National Income per Capita: Atlas Method data was reported at 40,530.000 USD in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 42,370.000 USD for 2016. United Kingdom UK: GDP: USD: Gross National Income per Capita: Atlas Method data is updated yearly, averaging 21,055.000 USD from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2017, with 48 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 48,420.000 USD in 2008 and a record low of 2,440.000 USD in 1970. United Kingdom UK: GDP: USD: Gross National Income per Capita: Atlas Method data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s UK – Table UK.World Bank: Gross Domestic Product: Nominal. GNI per capita (formerly GNP per capita) is the gross national income, converted to U.S. dollars using the World Bank Atlas method, divided by the midyear population. GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons across economies, although an alternative rate is used when the official exchange rate is judged to diverge by an exceptionally large margin from the rate actually applied in international transactions. To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, a special Atlas method of conversion is used by the World Bank. This applies a conversion factor that averages the exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of inflation between the country, and through 2000, the G-5 countries (France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States). From 2001, these countries include the Euro area, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States.; ; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; Weighted Average;

Throughout the Second World War, the United States consistently had the largest gross domestic product (GDP) in the world. Additionally, U.S. GDP grew significantly throughout the war, whereas the economies of Europe and Japan saw relatively little growth, and were often in decline. The impact of key events in the war is also reflected in the trends shown here - the economic declines of France and the Soviet Union coincide with the years of German invasion, while the economies of the three Axis countries experienced their largest declines in the final year of the war.

UK: GDP: Deflator: Linked Series data was reported at 112.170 NA in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 110.009 NA for 2016. UK: GDP: Deflator: Linked Series data is updated yearly, averaging 84.816 NA from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2017, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 112.170 NA in 2017 and a record low of 53.684 NA in 1989. UK: GDP: Deflator: Linked Series data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s UK – Table UK.World Bank: Gross Domestic Product: Nominal. The GDP implicit deflator is calculated as the ratio of GDP in current local currency to GDP in constant local currency. This series has been linked to produce a consistent time series to counteract breaks in series over time due to changes in base years, source data and methodologies. Thus, it may not be comparable with other national accounts series in the database for historical years. The base year varies by country.; ; World Bank staff estimates based on World Bank national accounts data archives, OECD National Accounts, and the IMF WEO database.; ;

France GDP Nowcast: swda: YoY: Contribution: Trade Statistics: Imports: EU 27 excl UK (EU 27E) data was reported at 0.000 % in 12 May 2025. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 % for 05 May 2025. France GDP Nowcast: swda: YoY: Contribution: Trade Statistics: Imports: EU 27 excl UK (EU 27E) data is updated weekly, averaging 0.000 % from Jan 2019 (Median) to 12 May 2025, with 332 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 % in 12 May 2025 and a record low of 0.000 % in 12 May 2025. France GDP Nowcast: swda: YoY: Contribution: Trade Statistics: Imports: EU 27 excl UK (EU 27E) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data. The data is categorized under Global Database’s France – Table FR.CEIC.NC: CEIC Nowcast: Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

Across the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and the European Union, gross domestic products (GDP) decreased in 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, by 2021, growth rates were positive in all four areas again. The United Kingdom, Germany, and the European Union all experiencing slow economic growth in 2023 amid high inflation, with Germany even seeing an economic recession. GDP and its components GDP refers to the total market value of all goods and services that are produced within a country per year. It is composed of government spending, consumption, business investments and net exports. It is an important indicator to measure the economic strength of a country. Economists rely on a variety of factors when predicting the future performance of the GDP. Inflation rate is one of the economic indicators providing insight into the future behavior of households, which make up a significant proportion of GDP. Projections are based on the past performance of such information. Future considerations Some factors can be more easily predicted than others. For example, projections of the annual inflation rate of the United States are easy to come by. However, the intensity and impact of something like Brexit is difficult to predict. Moreover, the occurrence and impact of events such as the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia's war in Ukraine is difficult to foresee. Hence, actual GDP growth may be higher or lower than the original estimates.

Explore real GDP growth projections dataset, including insights into the impact of COVID-19 on economic trends. This dataset covers countries such as Spain, Australia, France, Italy, Brazil, and more.

growth rate, Real, COVID-19, GDP

Spain, Australia, France, Italy, Brazil, Argentina, United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Russia, Turkiye, World, China, Mexico, Korea, India, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Germany, Indonesia, JapanFollow data.kapsarc.org for timely data to advance energy economics research..Source: OECD Economic Outlook database.- India projections are based on fiscal years, starting in April. The European Union is a full member of the G20, but the G20 aggregate only includes countries that are also members in their own right. Spain is a permanent invitee to the G20. World and G20 aggregates use moving nominal GDP weights at purchasing power parities. Difference in percentage points, based on rounded figures.

UK: GDP: External Balance of Goods and Services data was reported at -28,620.000 GBP mn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of -40,677.000 GBP mn for 2016. UK: GDP: External Balance of Goods and Services data is updated yearly, averaging -2,111.808 GBP mn from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7,443.814 GBP mn in 1981 and a record low of -45,053.000 GBP mn in 2008. UK: GDP: External Balance of Goods and Services data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s UK – Table UK.World Bank: Gross Domestic Product: Nominal. External balance on goods and services (formerly resource balance) equals exports of goods and services minus imports of goods and services (previously nonfactor services). Data are in current local currency.; ; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; ;

This dataset provides values for GDP reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

At the turn of the 20th century, industrialization in Western Europe and North America saw new countries emerge (or return) as major economic powers. Germany (established in 1871) and the United States were the two countries that began to challenge the established powers such as Britain and the Netherlands on an industrial scale, while France's invigorated banking system compensated for its slow rate of industrialization. This period also saw Scandinavian countries catch up with modernization rates observed in other Western European countries; the wealth of natural resources, increased industrial output, and strong shipping networks combined to allow GDP per capita to grow at rates similar to the United States and France and Germany.

Between 1970 and 1913, GDP per capita in the three emerging regions roughly doubled, outpacing growth in countries considered economic and industrial "leaders" for most of the 1800s. While Britain had been the leading global superpower for most of the 19th century and still maintained healthy economic growth in the given period, the rise of Germany and the U.S. at this time would (and, later, the Soviet Union) go on to shape global economic development over the subsequent decades.

France FR: GDP: USD: Gross National Income: Atlas Method data was reported at 2,548.257 USD bn in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2,592.777 USD bn for 2016. France FR: GDP: USD: Gross National Income: Atlas Method data is updated yearly, averaging 1,172.247 USD bn from Dec 1962 (Median) to 2017, with 56 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,887.312 USD bn in 2011 and a record low of 75.160 USD bn in 1962. France FR: GDP: USD: Gross National Income: Atlas Method data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s France – Table FR.World Bank: Gross Domestic Product: Nominal. GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current U.S. dollars. GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons across economies, although an alternative rate is used when the official exchange rate is judged to diverge by an exceptionally large margin from the rate actually applied in international transactions. To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, a special Atlas method of conversion is used by the World Bank. This applies a conversion factor that averages the exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of inflation between the country, and through 2000, the G-5 countries (France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States). From 2001, these countries include the Euro area, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States.; ; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; Gap-filled total;

In 2023, the direct and indirect contribution of travel and tourism to the United Kingdom's gross domestic product (GDP) was 9.7 percent lower than in 2019, the year prior to the onset of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Overall, these industries' total contribution to the country's GDP amounted to roughly 239 billion British pounds in 2023. Has tourism in the UK recovered from the impact of COVID-19? While inbound resident visits to the UK dropped to just above seven million in 2021 - the lowest figure reported in two decades - the volume of inbound tourist visits to the United Kingdom rebounded in 2022, and grew to 38 million in 2023. International arrivals, however, remained below pre-pandemic levels. Similarly, while outbound tourist visits from the UK experienced around a fourfold increase in 2022 compared to the previous year, the country still reported around seven million fewer trips abroad in 2023 than in 2019. What are Britons’ favorite holiday destinations? Either before or after the impact of the health crisis, vacationing remained the main travel purpose for outbound visits from the UK. In 2023, Spain was the most visited holiday destination by UK travelers, followed by France, Greece, and Italy.

United Kingdom UK: GDP: USD: Gross National Income: Atlas Method data was reported at 2,675.928 USD bn in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2,778.979 USD bn for 2016. United Kingdom UK: GDP: USD: Gross National Income: Atlas Method data is updated yearly, averaging 1,213.720 USD bn from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2017, with 48 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,992.672 USD bn in 2008 and a record low of 136.009 USD bn in 1970. United Kingdom UK: GDP: USD: Gross National Income: Atlas Method data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s UK – Table UK.World Bank: Gross Domestic Product: Nominal. GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current U.S. dollars. GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons across economies, although an alternative rate is used when the official exchange rate is judged to diverge by an exceptionally large margin from the rate actually applied in international transactions. To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, a special Atlas method of conversion is used by the World Bank. This applies a conversion factor that averages the exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of inflation between the country, and through 2000, the G-5 countries (France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States). From 2001, these countries include the Euro area, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States.; ; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; Gap-filled total;

UK: GDP: Net Income from Abroad data was reported at -23,129.000 GBP mn in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of -25,746.000 GBP mn for 2015. UK: GDP: Net Income from Abroad data is updated yearly, averaging -234.453 GBP mn from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2016, with 47 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 32,624.000 GBP mn in 2005 and a record low of -25,746.000 GBP mn in 2015. UK: GDP: Net Income from Abroad data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s UK – Table UK.World Bank: Gross Domestic Product: Nominal. Net income includes the net labor income and net property and entrepreneurial income components of the SNA. Labor income covers compensation of employees paid to nonresident workers. Property and entrepreneurial income covers investment income from the ownership of foreign financial claims (interest, dividends, rent, etc.) and nonfinancial property income (patents, copyrights, etc.). Data are in current local currency.; ; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; ;

UK: GDP: USD: Final Consumption Expenditure data was reported at 2,206.809 USD bn in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2,244.075 USD bn for 2016. UK: GDP: USD: Final Consumption Expenditure data is updated yearly, averaging 1,019.223 USD bn from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2017, with 48 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,593.713 USD bn in 2007 and a record low of 109.148 USD bn in 1970. UK: GDP: USD: Final Consumption Expenditure data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s UK – Table UK.World Bank: Gross Domestic Product: Nominal. Final consumption expenditure (formerly total consumption) is the sum of household final consumption expenditure (private consumption) and general government final consumption expenditure (general government consumption). Data are in current U.S. dollars.; ; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; ;

This dataset provides values for GDP PER CAPITA PPP reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Luxembourg LU: GDP: USD: Gross National Income per Capita: Atlas Method data was reported at 70,260.000 USD in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 71,590.000 USD for 2016. Luxembourg LU: GDP: USD: Gross National Income per Capita: Atlas Method data is updated yearly, averaging 30,185.000 USD from Dec 1962 (Median) to 2017, with 56 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 88,240.000 USD in 2008 and a record low of 1,630.000 USD in 1962. Luxembourg LU: GDP: USD: Gross National Income per Capita: Atlas Method data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Luxembourg – Table LU.World Bank: Gross Domestic Product: Nominal. GNI per capita (formerly GNP per capita) is the gross national income, converted to U.S. dollars using the World Bank Atlas method, divided by the midyear population. GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons across economies, although an alternative rate is used when the official exchange rate is judged to diverge by an exceptionally large margin from the rate actually applied in international transactions. To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, a special Atlas method of conversion is used by the World Bank. This applies a conversion factor that averages the exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of inflation between the country, and through 2000, the G-5 countries (France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States). From 2001, these countries include the Euro area, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States.; ; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; Weighted Average;