Chart and table of population level and growth rate for the Frankfurt am Main, Germany metro area from 1950 to 2025.

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The largest age groups among Berlin’s residential population were aged 25-39 and 40-59 years. The latter was actually the most represented age group in the German capital. The age group with the least number of residents were babies aged younger than one year. Slowly growing population Berlin’s residential population has been growing in recent years, though at a slow pace. Generally, the urban population in Germany has been increasing, with over 77 percent living in cities. Berlin does not have the most expensive rent space in Germany, compared to Munich in the south or Frankfurt in central Germany, which could be a draw for younger age groups moving to the capital. On the other hand, just as in the rest of the country, the city’s age group structure is affected by a struggling birth rate. Uncertain future Based on recent figures, Berlin’s total population was almost at four million. Germany’s population count currently stands at almost 84.5 million and is forecast to decrease rather than increase in the 2020s.

“In the context of general urban research and also in historical investigations problems of housing provision and housing policies in the period of advanced industrialization play an important role. Those questions are most of the times related with the consequences of industrialization and urbanization because besides the necessary infrastructure services like the expansion of public transport, canalization, water and energy provision and facilities for health care, problems related to an adequate housing provision were more and more emphasized because the private housing economy was not able to deal with the high demand especially for small apartments. Especially the shortage of small apartments caused that questions and problems related to housing were considered as system-critically more than other social-political areas.” (Steitz, a. cit., p. 393f). Contemporary reformers and those who discussed questions related to housing formulated a high number of local political measures. Based on those discussions the author formulates his research question: “Which local political measures were undertaken by the communities of the German Empire between 1875 and 1914 under which circumstances? Some historical studies in this subject are already investigated local housing policies especially regarding the housing construction for workers in the entire German Empire. The local conditions and the measures undertaken by the different communities varied significantly. Therefore the present study tends to analyze the extent of communal housing policies looking at the case study of Frankfurt am Main because this city played an important role in this subject area” (Steitz, a. a. O., p. 397). Data tables in HISTAT:A.01 Per capita tax burden in Frankfurt am Main, Berlin and Prussian communities with more than 10.000 inhabitants, in Mark (1890-1913)A.02 Development of population on the basis of the 1910 incorporated territory including Frankfurt (1871-1910)A.03 Relative per capita tax burden in Frankfurt am Main (1890-1905)A.04 Public debt of Frankfurt am Main (1887-1907)A.05 Proportion of expenditure for infrastructure spending on total expenditure and revenues, as well as on the direct tax burden, Frankfurt am Main (1872-1898)A.06 Share of taxes and operating surplus of the total ordinary revenues of the budget of the city of Frankfurt am Main (1904-1913)A.07 Overview of surpluses and grants from the regular budget of the city of Frankfurt am Main (1898-1913)A.08a Expenditures of Frankfurt am Main (1872-1881)A.08b Expenditures of Frankfurt am Main (1881-1897)A.08c Expenditures of the regular household of Frankfurt am Main (1898-1905)A.08d Expenditures for construction in the extraordinary budget of Frankfurt am Main (1898-1910)A.09 Ratio of urban mortgage sum of leaseholder on urban ground in Frankfurt am Main (1902-1905)A.10 Urban construction of small apartments in Frankfurt am Main (1904-1913)A.11Buildings and apartments constructed by charitable construction and housing associations (1868-1914)A.12 Proportion of newly built apartments on the total number of new apartments in Frankfurt am Main (1884-1914)A.13 Share of charitably built apartments on the total number of available and occupied apartments in Frankfurt am Main (1871-1910)

The German manufactured homes market, valued at approximately €8 billion in 2025, is experiencing robust growth, projected to maintain a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) exceeding 4% through 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key drivers. Firstly, increasing urbanization and housing shortages in major cities like Berlin, Hamburg, Munich, and Frankfurt are creating significant demand for affordable and quickly deployable housing solutions. Manufactured homes, with their shorter construction times and potentially lower costs compared to traditional homes, effectively address this need. Secondly, growing environmental concerns and a push for sustainable construction practices are boosting the appeal of manufactured homes built with energy-efficient materials and designs. Finally, evolving consumer preferences are favoring modern, customizable manufactured homes that offer comparable quality and aesthetics to site-built homes. While challenges exist, such as regulatory hurdles and public perception, the overall market outlook remains positive. The market segmentation reveals strong demand across both single-family and multi-family units. Berlin, Hamburg, Munich, and Frankfurt are leading the market, driven by their high population densities and significant housing deficits. Key players like Baufritz, Fertighaus Weiss GmbH, Portakabin, Hanse Haus, ALHO Modular Buildings, DFH Group, Swietelsky AG, Daiwa House Modular Europe, HusCompagniet A/S, and Karmod are actively competing in this dynamic market, further contributing to its growth trajectory. The continued focus on innovation, sustainable construction practices, and addressing the housing crisis will be vital for the long-term success of the German manufactured homes market. The market's trajectory indicates significant investment opportunities and expansion potential for companies involved in manufacturing, distribution, and supporting infrastructure. Recent developments include: July 2022:Bouygues' acquisition of Equans, The merger is also subject to review by the Competition and Markets Authority in the UK, which has also issued a decision on its investigation on 19 July 2022. Bouygues offered to divest Colas Rail Belgium in its entirety, including all assets, personnel, and ongoing and future contracts of both its railway contact lines and track installation businesses. As a result, Colas Rail Belgium will remain an independent competitor to Bouygues and Equans in the relevant market in Belgium., May 2022:OECON sold to Portakabin. The acquisition of OECON is a key strategic move and part of the Portakabin Group's European expansion plans. OECON will complement the current Portakabin operations in France, Belgium, and Holland and provide the necessary routes to market for the extensive range of Portakabin modular buildings within the office, healthcare, and education sectors in Germany.. Key drivers for this market are: Increasing Demand of prefabricated Housing in GCC, Government Initiatives Driving the Construction. Potential restraints include: Low construction tolerance, supplier dependance and expensive development. Notable trends are: Rapid Urbanization in the Region is Driving the Market.

The German manufactured homes market is experiencing robust growth, fueled by increasing demand for affordable and sustainable housing solutions. With a market size exceeding €X million in 2025 (estimated based on provided CAGR and value unit), and a projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) above 4%, the market is poised for significant expansion through 2033. Several key drivers contribute to this growth: rising urbanization leading to housing shortages, particularly in major cities like Berlin, Munich, and Hamburg; growing environmental awareness pushing for energy-efficient construction methods; and the increasing preference for faster construction times associated with modular homes. The market is segmented by home type (single-family and multi-family) and geographic location, with Berlin, Hamburg, Munich, and Frankfurt representing key urban centers driving demand. Companies like Swietelsky AG, DFH Group, and Portakabin are leading players in this competitive market, each leveraging its strengths in design, technology, and distribution networks. While challenges remain, including fluctuating material costs and potential regulatory hurdles, the overall market outlook remains positive, indicating strong potential for further growth and investment. The segmentation offers diverse investment opportunities. The multi-family segment, catering to urban rental markets, is expected to grow at a faster rate than single-family homes, driven by population density and rental demand in major cities. Regional differences in growth rates are anticipated, with Berlin and Munich potentially leading the charge due to higher population growth and housing pressure. The success of individual companies will depend on their ability to innovate with sustainable materials, adapt to evolving consumer preferences, and effectively manage supply chain challenges. The market's positive trajectory presents significant opportunities for both established players and new entrants seeking a position in the dynamic German manufactured housing sector. Recent developments include: July 2022:Bouygues' acquisition of Equans, The merger is also subject to review by the Competition and Markets Authority in the UK, which has also issued a decision on its investigation on 19 July 2022. Bouygues offered to divest Colas Rail Belgium in its entirety, including all assets, personnel, and ongoing and future contracts of both its railway contact lines and track installation businesses. As a result, Colas Rail Belgium will remain an independent competitor to Bouygues and Equans in the relevant market in Belgium., May 2022:OECON sold to Portakabin. The acquisition of OECON is a key strategic move and part of the Portakabin Group's European expansion plans. OECON will complement the current Portakabin operations in France, Belgium, and Holland and provide the necessary routes to market for the extensive range of Portakabin modular buildings within the office, healthcare, and education sectors in Germany.. Notable trends are: Rapid Urbanization in the Region is Driving the Market.

In der vorliegenden Studie werden vorhandene Daten zur Bevölkerungsstatistik (Geburten, Heiraten, Sterbefälle, Einwohner) auf der Basis der Preußischen Provinzen sowie anderer deutscher territorialer Gebietseinheiten für den Zeitraum von 1816 bis 1871 korrigiert und neu berechnet sowie fehlende Daten geschätzt. Zu den wesentlichen Verbesserungen dieser Datenkompilation gehört eine Verbreiterung des Quellmaterials, die Bestimmung der Bevölkerung für die Jahre zwischen den Volkszählungen auf der Basis des berichteten natürlichen Bevölkerungswachstums, und die Korrekturen der Bevölkerungsangaben der Volkszählungen aus den späten 1810er und 1830er Jahren. Die neu berechneten Bevölkerungsreihen legen es nahe, die Periode zwischen 1810 und 1870 als eine post-Malthusianische Epoche für Deutschland zu charakterisieren: ein hohes jährliches Bevölkerungswachstum geht einher mit weitestgehend stabilen Real-Löhnen für eine lange Periode. Die Expansion der Nachfrage nach Arbeit kompensiert die negativen Effekte des Bevölkerungswachstums auf den materiellen Wohlstand der Bevölkerung. (Georg Fertig et. al. (2018), S. 1) Zum Untersuchungsraum:Die Autoren haben es sich zum Ziel gesetzt, den Untersuchungsraum unter analytischen Gesichtspunkten so zu definieren, dass die Datenreihen mit den Daten des nachfolgenden Deutschen Reichs ab 1871 sowie mit den Daten für Deutschland in den Grenzen von 1990 vergleichbar sein sollen.Die Ergebnisse beziehen sich auf „diejenigen Gebiete, die sowohl Teil des Alten Reichs in den Grenzen von 1792 waren als auch zum Deutschen Bund zählten und schließlich beim 1871 neu gegründeten Kaiserreich verbleiben. Damit bleiben die historischen Kerngebiete Polens ebenso unberücksichtigt wie das mit dem Alten Reich nur lose verbundenen Ostpreußen. “ (Georg Fertig et.al. (2018), S. 4). Methodische Probleme:Je weiter die bevölkerungsstatistischen Daten zurückliegen, desto größer wird das Problem fehlender und verzerrter Werte. Die Autoren haben auf der Grundlage des ihnen zur Verfügung stehenden Quellenmaterials in der Forschung entwickelte Zählverbesserungen und Datenkorrekturen berücksichtigt. Dabei haben sie nach Möglichkeit zeitgenössisches Material herangezogen, um primär für die Zeit vor 1841 Bevölkerungsangaben zu korrigieren und zu ergänzen. Darüber hinaus haben sie die Interpolation der Bevölkerungsgröße für die Jahre zwischen den Volkszählungen im Vergleich zu den bisherigen Studien anders vorgenommen. Damit weichen die von den Autoren entwickelten Reihen von den bislang vorliegenden Zusammenstellungen teilweise deutlich ab. (Georg Fertig et.al. (2018), S. 7). Die erfassten und berechneten Zeitreihen-Daten beinhalten Vitalreihen (Geburten, Heiraten, Sterbefälle, Tot- und Lebendgeborene), den Einwohnerzahlen sowie die Größe der Territorien. Folgende Datentabellen können aus histat downgeloadet werden: A. Bevölkerungsstand und -bewegung in Preußen nach ProvinzenA.01 Provinz Holstein, 1815-1871A.02 Provinz Lauenburg, 1815-1871A.03 Provinz Brandenburg (ohne Berlin), 1815-1871A.04 Provinz Hessen-Nassau, 1866-1871A.05 Provinz Hohenzollern, 1815-1871A.06 Provinz Ostpreußen, 1815-1871A.07 Provinz Pommern, 1815-1871A.08 Provinz Posen, 1815-1871A.09 Provinz Sachsen, 1815-1871A.10 Provinz Schlesien, 1815-1871A.11 Provinz Westfalen, 1815-1871A.12 Provinz Westpreußen, 1815-1871A.13 Rheinprovinz, 1815-1871A.14 Provinz Berlin, 1815-1871 B. Weitere TerritorienB.01 Bevölkerungsstand und -bewegung der Region ´Amt Bergdorf´, 1815-1871B.02 Bevölkerungsstand und -bewegung der Hansestadt Bremen, 1815-1871B.03 Bevölkerungsstand und -bewegung der Stadt Hamburg, 1815-1871B.04 Bevölkerungsstand und -bewegung der Stadt Lübeck, 1815-1871B.05 Bevölkerungsstand und -bewegung der Stadt Frankfurt am Main, 1815-1871B.06 Bevölkerungsstand und -bewegung des Fürstentums Lippe-Detmold, 1815-1871B.07 Bevölkerungsstand und -bewegung des Fürstentums Schaumburg-Lippe, 1815-1871B.08 Bevölkerungsstand und -bewegung des Fürstentums Waldeck-Pyrmont, 1815-1871B.09 Bevölkerungsstand und -bewegung des Großherzogtums Oldenburg, 1815-1871B.10 Bevölkerungsstand und -bewegung des Großherzogtums Baden, 1815-1871B.11 Bevölkerungsstand und -bewegung Hessens, 1815-1871B.12 Bevölkerungsstand und -bewegung des Großherzog. Mecklenburg-Schwerin, 1815-1871B.13 Bevölkerungsstand und -bewegung des Großherzog. Mecklenburg-Strelitz (einschließlich des Fürstentums Ratzeburg), 1815-1871B.14 Bevölkerungsstand und -bewegung des Herzogtums Anhalt, 1815-1871B.15 Bevölkerungsstand und -bewegung des Herzogtums Braunschweig, 1815-1871B.16 Bevölkerungsstand und -bewegung im Herzogtum Nassau (bis 1865), 1815-1865B.17 Bevölkerungsstand und -bewegung des Herzogtums Schleswig, 1815-1871B.18 Bevölkerungsstand und -bewegung im Königreich Württemberg, 1815-1871B.19 Bevölkerungsstand und -bewegung im Königreich Bayern, 1815-1871B.20 Bevölkerungsstand und -bewegung im Königreich Hannover, 1815-1871B.21 Bevölkerungsstand und -bewegung im Königreich Sachsen, 1815-1871B.22 B...

The city of Paris in France had an estimated gross domestic product of 757.6 billion Euros in 2021, the most of any European city. Paris was followed by the spanish capital, Madrid, which had a GDP of 237.5 billion Euros, and the Irish capital, Dublin at 230 billion Euros. Milan, in the prosperous north of Italy, had a GDP of 228.4 billion Euros, 65 billion euros larger than the Italian capital Rome, and was the largest non-capital city in terms of GDP in Europe. The engine of Europe Among European countries, Germany had by far the largest economy, with a gross domestic product of over 4.18 trillion Euros. The United Kingdom or France have been Europe's second largest economy since the 1980s, depending on the year, with forecasts suggesting France will overtake the UK going into the 2020s. Germany however, has been the biggest European economy for some time, with five cities (Munich, Berlin, Hamburg, Stuttgart and Frankfurt) among the 15 largest European cities by GDP. Europe's largest cities In 2023, Moscow was the largest european city, with a population of nearly 12.7 million. Paris was the largest city in western Europe, with a population of over 11 million, while London was Europe's third-largest city at 9.6 million inhabitants.

The extent of gene flow during the range expansion of non-native species influences the amount of genetic diversity retained in expanding populations. Here, we analyse the population genetic structure of the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in north-eastern and central Europe. This invasive species is of management concern because it is highly susceptible to fox rabies and an important secondary host of the virus. We hypothesized that the large number of introduced animals and the species’ dispersal capabilities led to high population connectivity and maintenance of genetic diversity throughout the invaded range. We genotyped 332 tissue samples from seven European countries using 16 microsatellite loci. Different algorithms identified three genetic clusters corresponding to Finland, Denmark and a large ‘central’ population that reached from introduction areas in western Russia to northern Germany. Cluster assignments provided evidence of long-distance dispersal. The results of an Approximate Bayesian Computation analysis supported a scenario of equal effective population sizes among different pre-defined populations in the large central cluster. Our results are in line with strong gene flow and secondary admixture between neighbouring demes leading to reduced genetic structuring, probably a result of its fairly rapid population expansion after introduction. The results presented here are remarkable in the sense that we identified a homogenous genetic cluster inhabiting an area stretching over more than 1500km. They are also relevant for disease management, as in the event of a significant rabies outbreak, there is a great risk of a rapid virus spread among raccoon dog populations.

With the heightened threat to Germany's Jewish population following the Nazi Party's ascent to power in 1933, many German Jews chose to flee or emigrate. In 1933, Germany's Jewish population was approximately 500,000 people; by the end of the war, it is estimated that 300,000 fled the country, and 165,000 were murdered in the Holocaust. In order to flee, most Jewish emigrants from Germany had to give up the majority of their wealth to the German state, whose emigration tax and seizure of property stripped Jews of their financial assets. Destination and transit For Germany's Jewish refugees, the most common destination country was the United States, and almost half of all these refugees would arrive in the U.S. over this 12 year period. As the United States had a strict quota of 27,000 German migrants per year, many refugees were forced to enter via other countries. France was the second most common destination country, receiving 100,000 refugees. However, France was also used as a transit country for German Jews wishing to travel further afield, especially after it was annexed by Germany in 1940. This was also true for several other European countries, such as the Netherlands, which had provided protection for German Jews in the mid-1930s, before rapidly becoming very unsafe following the outbreak of war in 1939. The Frank family Possibly the most famous example of this was the story of Anne Frank and her family. Anne had been born in Frankfurt, Germany in 1929, but her family moved to the Netherlands in 1934 after Hitler came to power. The family then led a relatively comfortable and successful life in Amsterdam, with her father, Otto, founding his own businesses. When the Netherlands was invaded by the Germans in 1940, the family tried to emigrate once more; Otto had been granted a single Cuban visa in 1942, but the family was forced to go into hiding as the restrictions tightened. For the next two years, with the help of non-Jewish friends, they lived in secret in the upper floor of Otto's business premises with several other Jewish refugees, in a small space concealed behind a bookcase. In August 1944, through unknown means, the group was betrayed and then arrested by Dutch authorities, and the Frank family was sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau thereafter. Anne's mother, Edith, died of starvation in Auschwitz within five months of her capture, while Anne and her sister, Margot, died one month later after being transferred to the Bergen-Belsen camp in Germany. Otto was the sole survivor of the group. Otto's secretary, Miep Gies, had saved Anne's diary the day after the group was arrested, which she then gave to Otto; he then devoted much of the remainder of his life to the publication and promotion of his daughter's diary, which has now become one of the most famous and widely-read books in recent history. Additionally, the hiding space is now open to the public, and has become one of the Netherlands' most popular tourist museums.

Biological invasions provide excellent study systems to understand evolutionary, genetic and ecological processes during range expansions. There is strong evidence for positive effects of high propagule pressure and the associated higher genetic diversity on invasion success, but some species have become invasive despite small founder numbers. The raccoon (Procyon lotor) is often considered as a typical example for such a successful invasion resulting from a small number of founders. The species’ largest non-native population in Germany is commonly assumed to stem from a small number of founders and two separate founding events in the 1930s and 1940s. In the present study we analyzed 407 raccoons at 20 microsatellite loci sampled from the invasive range in Western Europe to test if these assumptions are correct. Contrary to the expectations, different genetic clustering methods detected evidence for at least four independent introduction events that gave rise to genetically differentiated subpopulations. Further smaller clusters were either artifacts or resulted from founder events at the range margin and recent release of captive individuals. We also found genetic evidence for on-going introductions of individuals. Furthermore a novel randomization process was used to determine the potential range of founder population size that would suffice to capture all the alleles present in a cluster. Our results falsify the assumption that this species has become widespread and abundant despite being genetically depauperate and show that historical records of species introductions may be misleading.

Drivers had to pay ** cents per kilowatt hour for charging their electric car up to ** KW (AC) at a Mainova station as of 2024. In most cases, faster charging (DC) is noticeably more expensive regardless of the provider. Mainova, Stromnetz Hamburg/ Hamburg Energie, E.ON, Stadtwerke München, and Ionity rounded up the most expensive DC charging providers. Looking for the charger German EV charging stations are spread out across a variety of locations, with around ** percent located where one might expect them first – in parking lots. Significantly less were available on streets or at retail locations, which clearly signals the need to expand access in areas where drivers typically find themselves. On the other hand, the existing network is also based on demand. Currently, EV still make up a small share among passenger cars in Germany, but figures have been increasing all the same. This is definitely an area the German automotive industry wants to excel in. The accessibility of charging stations, as well as the issue of charging prices, are an integral part of the overall German EV market development. In competition with China As an electric vehicle manufacturer, Germany is up against some tough competition, with China expanding to become the largest electric car market in the world. Sales on Chinese soil are booming, and the number of electric cars in traffic is increasing as well. The charging station infrastructure in the country has extended rapidly to more than match the use of electric cars among the population. Encouragingly so, Germany has been activating an increasing number of public charging stations in the last decade. Noticeable jumps have been recorded since 2018 in particular, and even the COVID-19 pandemic did not put a brake on expansion.

The number of rape and sexual assault cases reported to the police in Germany peaked at ****** in 2024 during the period shown here. Previously, the highest number of cases, ******, had been recorded the year before. Based on the definition in criminal law, sexual assault includes rape, as well as other sexually driven physical attacks. Rape is defined as forcing a person to have sex. Increased crime clearance rate The question remains how high the number of unreported cases is. Reasons for not reporting a sexual assault vary among victims. In recent years, the German police reported increasing clearance rates for sexual crimes. In 2022, **** percent of rape and sexual assault cases were solved, compared to **** percent in 2016. In 2023, however this figure dropped to **** percent, perhaps due to the increase in the number of cases. Among males suspected of committing such crimes, over ** percent were young adults aged 18 to 21 years. Types of German police forces German police forces are divided into several different types, which all have clearly established tasks regulated by law. The Federal Criminal Police Office (Bundeskriminalamt, BKA) is often compared to the FBI in the U.S. and investigates federal crimes, such as kidnapping. The Federal Police (Bundespolizei), works in railway stations, at airports, and seaports. They also protect borders, government buildings, and deal with organized crime and terrorism. The criminal police (Kriminalpolizei, Kripo), the only policemen not wearing in uniform in Germany, handle assault, murder, and rape cases, as well as theft. The uniformed police (Schutzpolizei, SchuPo), or beat police, are regularly visible in streets, as they are responsible for traffic safety, among other tasks, and may be approached directly by people in need of assistance or help.