Chart and table of population level and growth rate for the Frankfurt am Main, Germany metro area from 1950 to 2025.

🇩🇪 Germany

The largest age groups among Berlin’s residential population were aged 25-39 and 40-59 years. The latter was actually the most represented age group in the German capital. The age group with the least number of residents were babies aged younger than one year. Slowly growing population Berlin’s residential population has been growing in recent years, though at a slow pace. Generally, the urban population in Germany has been increasing, with over 77 percent living in cities. Berlin does not have the most expensive rent space in Germany, compared to Munich in the south or Frankfurt in central Germany, which could be a draw for younger age groups moving to the capital. On the other hand, just as in the rest of the country, the city’s age group structure is affected by a struggling birth rate. Uncertain future Based on recent figures, Berlin’s total population was almost at four million. Germany’s population count currently stands at almost 84.5 million and is forecast to decrease rather than increase in the 2020s.

Germany DE: Frankfurt Airport: Passenger Traffic data was reported at 4,624.747 Person th in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 3,851.414 Person th for Feb 2025. Germany DE: Frankfurt Airport: Passenger Traffic data is updated monthly, averaging 4,549.717 Person th from Jan 2000 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 303 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6,920.936 Person th in Jul 2019 and a record low of 188.078 Person th in Apr 2020. Germany DE: Frankfurt Airport: Passenger Traffic data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Fraport AG. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.TA018: Frankfurt Airport. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

“In the context of general urban research and also in historical investigations problems of housing provision and housing policies in the period of advanced industrialization play an important role. Those questions are most of the times related with the consequences of industrialization and urbanization because besides the necessary infrastructure services like the expansion of public transport, canalization, water and energy provision and facilities for health care, problems related to an adequate housing provision were more and more emphasized because the private housing economy was not able to deal with the high demand especially for small apartments. Especially the shortage of small apartments caused that questions and problems related to housing were considered as system-critically more than other social-political areas.” (Steitz, a. cit., p. 393f). Contemporary reformers and those who discussed questions related to housing formulated a high number of local political measures. Based on those discussions the author formulates his research question: “Which local political measures were undertaken by the communities of the German Empire between 1875 and 1914 under which circumstances? Some historical studies in this subject are already investigated local housing policies especially regarding the housing construction for workers in the entire German Empire. The local conditions and the measures undertaken by the different communities varied significantly. Therefore the present study tends to analyze the extent of communal housing policies looking at the case study of Frankfurt am Main because this city played an important role in this subject area” (Steitz, a. a. O., p. 397). Data tables in HISTAT:A.01 Per capita tax burden in Frankfurt am Main, Berlin and Prussian communities with more than 10.000 inhabitants, in Mark (1890-1913)A.02 Development of population on the basis of the 1910 incorporated territory including Frankfurt (1871-1910)A.03 Relative per capita tax burden in Frankfurt am Main (1890-1905)A.04 Public debt of Frankfurt am Main (1887-1907)A.05 Proportion of expenditure for infrastructure spending on total expenditure and revenues, as well as on the direct tax burden, Frankfurt am Main (1872-1898)A.06 Share of taxes and operating surplus of the total ordinary revenues of the budget of the city of Frankfurt am Main (1904-1913)A.07 Overview of surpluses and grants from the regular budget of the city of Frankfurt am Main (1898-1913)A.08a Expenditures of Frankfurt am Main (1872-1881)A.08b Expenditures of Frankfurt am Main (1881-1897)A.08c Expenditures of the regular household of Frankfurt am Main (1898-1905)A.08d Expenditures for construction in the extraordinary budget of Frankfurt am Main (1898-1910)A.09 Ratio of urban mortgage sum of leaseholder on urban ground in Frankfurt am Main (1902-1905)A.10 Urban construction of small apartments in Frankfurt am Main (1904-1913)A.11Buildings and apartments constructed by charitable construction and housing associations (1868-1914)A.12 Proportion of newly built apartments on the total number of new apartments in Frankfurt am Main (1884-1914)A.13 Share of charitably built apartments on the total number of available and occupied apartments in Frankfurt am Main (1871-1910)

Media usage of the West German population in 1979.

Topics: The content of the study is largely identical to the content of ZA Study No. 0850 or 1152.

In 2024, passenger traffic at Frankfurt Airport amounted to roughly 61.6 million passengers. This was an increase of 3.7 percent compared to the previous year. Over the period given, the passenger traffic decreased significantly to 18.8 million in 2020 due to the coronavirus pandemic. The number of passengers at the Frankfurt Airport has increased since then, but it was still below the pre-pandemic numbers.

Media usage of the West German population in 1977.

Topics: The content of the study is largely identical to the content of ZA Study No. 0850 or 1152.

The German manufactured homes market, valued at approximately €8 billion in 2025, is experiencing robust growth, projected to maintain a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) exceeding 4% through 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key drivers. Firstly, increasing urbanization and housing shortages in major cities like Berlin, Hamburg, Munich, and Frankfurt are creating significant demand for affordable and quickly deployable housing solutions. Manufactured homes, with their shorter construction times and potentially lower costs compared to traditional homes, effectively address this need. Secondly, growing environmental concerns and a push for sustainable construction practices are boosting the appeal of manufactured homes built with energy-efficient materials and designs. Finally, evolving consumer preferences are favoring modern, customizable manufactured homes that offer comparable quality and aesthetics to site-built homes. While challenges exist, such as regulatory hurdles and public perception, the overall market outlook remains positive. The market segmentation reveals strong demand across both single-family and multi-family units. Berlin, Hamburg, Munich, and Frankfurt are leading the market, driven by their high population densities and significant housing deficits. Key players like Baufritz, Fertighaus Weiss GmbH, Portakabin, Hanse Haus, ALHO Modular Buildings, DFH Group, Swietelsky AG, Daiwa House Modular Europe, HusCompagniet A/S, and Karmod are actively competing in this dynamic market, further contributing to its growth trajectory. The continued focus on innovation, sustainable construction practices, and addressing the housing crisis will be vital for the long-term success of the German manufactured homes market. The market's trajectory indicates significant investment opportunities and expansion potential for companies involved in manufacturing, distribution, and supporting infrastructure. Recent developments include: July 2022:Bouygues' acquisition of Equans, The merger is also subject to review by the Competition and Markets Authority in the UK, which has also issued a decision on its investigation on 19 July 2022. Bouygues offered to divest Colas Rail Belgium in its entirety, including all assets, personnel, and ongoing and future contracts of both its railway contact lines and track installation businesses. As a result, Colas Rail Belgium will remain an independent competitor to Bouygues and Equans in the relevant market in Belgium., May 2022:OECON sold to Portakabin. The acquisition of OECON is a key strategic move and part of the Portakabin Group's European expansion plans. OECON will complement the current Portakabin operations in France, Belgium, and Holland and provide the necessary routes to market for the extensive range of Portakabin modular buildings within the office, healthcare, and education sectors in Germany.. Key drivers for this market are: Increasing Demand of prefabricated Housing in GCC, Government Initiatives Driving the Construction. Potential restraints include: Low construction tolerance, supplier dependance and expensive development. Notable trends are: Rapid Urbanization in the Region is Driving the Market.

Media usage of the population in 1987.

The main focus of this part of the survey is on a detailed recording of the print media, while information on the radio media was collected more in summary.

The content of this media analysis is identical to that of the previous year´s investigation, archived under ZA Study No. 1619.

“In the context of general urban research and also in historical investigations problems of housing provision and housing policies in the period of advanced industrialization play an important role. Those questions are most of the times related with the consequences of industrialization and urbanization because besides the necessary infrastructure services like the expansion of public transport, canalization, water and energy provision and facilities for health care, problems related to an adequate housing provision were more and more emphasized because the private housing economy was not able to deal with the high demand especially for small apartments. Especially the shortage of small apartments caused that questions and problems related to housing were considered as system-critically more than other social-political areas.” (Steitz, a. cit., p. 393f). Contemporary reformers and those who discussed questions related to housing formulated a high number of local political measures. Based on those discussions the author formulates his research question: “Which local political measures were undertaken by the communities of the German Empire between 1875 and 1914 under which circumstances? Some historical studies in this subject are already investigated local housing policies especially regarding the housing construction for workers in the entire German Empire. The local conditions and the measures undertaken by the different communities varied significantly. Therefore the present study tends to analyze the extent of communal housing policies looking at the case study of Frankfurt am Main because this city played an important role in this subject area” (Steitz, a. a. O., p. 397).

Data tables in HISTAT: A.01 Per capita tax burden in Frankfurt am Main, Berlin and Prussian communities with more than 10.000 inhabitants, in Mark (1890-1913) A.02 Development of population on the basis of the 1910 incorporated territory including Frankfurt (1871-1910) A.03 Relative per capita tax burden in Frankfurt am Main (1890-1905) A.04 Public debt of Frankfurt am Main (1887-1907) A.05 Proportion of expenditure for infrastructure spending on total expenditure and revenues, as well as on the direct tax burden, Frankfurt am Main (1872-1898) A.06 Share of taxes and operating surplus of the total ordinary revenues of the budget of the city of Frankfurt am Main (1904-1913) A.07 Overview of surpluses and grants from the regular budget of the city of Frankfurt am Main (1898-1913) A.08a Expenditures of Frankfurt am Main (1872-1881) A.08b Expenditures of Frankfurt am Main (1881-1897) A.08c Expenditures of the regular household of Frankfurt am Main (1898-1905) A.08d Expenditures for construction in the extraordinary budget of Frankfurt am Main (1898-1910) A.09 Ratio of urban mortgage sum of leaseholder on urban ground in Frankfurt am Main (1902-1905) A.10 Urban construction of small apartments in Frankfurt am Main (1904-1913) A.11Buildings and apartments constructed by charitable construction and housing associations (1868-1914) A.12 Proportion of newly built apartments on the total number of new apartments in Frankfurt am Main (1884-1914) A.13 Share of charitably built apartments on the total number of available and occupied apartments in Frankfurt am Main (1871-1910)

Situation at work and in life in the district Eschwege.

Topics: The questionnaire corresponds to the questionnaire used in ZA Study No. 0080.

Demography: school education; vocational training; marital status; income (classified); size of household; composition of household; head of household; household income; possession of durable economic goods; religious denomination; sex.

Interviewer rating: social class of respondent.

Plant recruitment is a multi-stage process determining population dynamics and species distributions. Still, we have limited understanding of how the successive demographic processes depend on the environmental context across species’ distributional ranges. We conducted a large-scale transplant experiment to study recruitment of Pinus cembra over six years. We quantified the effects of environmental conditions on four demographic processes and identified the most limiting across and beyond the pines’ elevational range over several years. Realized transition probabilities of the demographic processes varied substantially across the species' distributional range. Seed deposition decreased from the lower to the upper elevational range margin by 90 %, but this reduction was offset by increased seed germination and seedling survival. Dispersal limitation at the upper range margin potentially stems from unsuitable seed caching conditions for the animal seed disperser, whereas increased seed germination might result from enemy escape from fungal pathogens and favourable abiotic conditions at the upper range margin. Our multi-year experiment demonstrates that environmental context is decisive for the local relevance of particular demographic processes. We conclude that experimental studies identifying the limiting demographic processes controlling species distributions are key for projecting future range dynamics of plants.

The city of Paris in France had an estimated gross domestic product of 757.6 billion Euros in 2021, the most of any European city. Paris was followed by the spanish capital, Madrid, which had a GDP of 237.5 billion Euros, and the Irish capital, Dublin at 230 billion Euros. Milan, in the prosperous north of Italy, had a GDP of 228.4 billion Euros, 65 billion euros larger than the Italian capital Rome, and was the largest non-capital city in terms of GDP in Europe. The engine of Europe Among European countries, Germany had by far the largest economy, with a gross domestic product of over 4.18 trillion Euros. The United Kingdom or France have been Europe's second largest economy since the 1980s, depending on the year, with forecasts suggesting France will overtake the UK going into the 2020s. Germany however, has been the biggest European economy for some time, with five cities (Munich, Berlin, Hamburg, Stuttgart and Frankfurt) among the 15 largest European cities by GDP. Europe's largest cities In 2023, Moscow was the largest european city, with a population of nearly 12.7 million. Paris was the largest city in western Europe, with a population of over 11 million, while London was Europe's third-largest city at 9.6 million inhabitants.

The German manufactured homes market is experiencing robust growth, fueled by increasing demand for affordable and sustainable housing solutions. With a market size exceeding €X million in 2025 (estimated based on provided CAGR and value unit), and a projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) above 4%, the market is poised for significant expansion through 2033. Several key drivers contribute to this growth: rising urbanization leading to housing shortages, particularly in major cities like Berlin, Munich, and Hamburg; growing environmental awareness pushing for energy-efficient construction methods; and the increasing preference for faster construction times associated with modular homes. The market is segmented by home type (single-family and multi-family) and geographic location, with Berlin, Hamburg, Munich, and Frankfurt representing key urban centers driving demand. Companies like Swietelsky AG, DFH Group, and Portakabin are leading players in this competitive market, each leveraging its strengths in design, technology, and distribution networks. While challenges remain, including fluctuating material costs and potential regulatory hurdles, the overall market outlook remains positive, indicating strong potential for further growth and investment. The segmentation offers diverse investment opportunities. The multi-family segment, catering to urban rental markets, is expected to grow at a faster rate than single-family homes, driven by population density and rental demand in major cities. Regional differences in growth rates are anticipated, with Berlin and Munich potentially leading the charge due to higher population growth and housing pressure. The success of individual companies will depend on their ability to innovate with sustainable materials, adapt to evolving consumer preferences, and effectively manage supply chain challenges. The market's positive trajectory presents significant opportunities for both established players and new entrants seeking a position in the dynamic German manufactured housing sector. Recent developments include: July 2022:Bouygues' acquisition of Equans, The merger is also subject to review by the Competition and Markets Authority in the UK, which has also issued a decision on its investigation on 19 July 2022. Bouygues offered to divest Colas Rail Belgium in its entirety, including all assets, personnel, and ongoing and future contracts of both its railway contact lines and track installation businesses. As a result, Colas Rail Belgium will remain an independent competitor to Bouygues and Equans in the relevant market in Belgium., May 2022:OECON sold to Portakabin. The acquisition of OECON is a key strategic move and part of the Portakabin Group's European expansion plans. OECON will complement the current Portakabin operations in France, Belgium, and Holland and provide the necessary routes to market for the extensive range of Portakabin modular buildings within the office, healthcare, and education sectors in Germany.. Notable trends are: Rapid Urbanization in the Region is Driving the Market.

In 2023, around 27.4 percent of residents in Bremen were at risk of living in poverty. This list shows the 15 cities in Germany with the highest at-risk-of-poverty rates.

See also the surveys among selected populations conducted at the same time, archived under ZA Study Nos. 0079 and 0080.

With the heightened threat to Germany's Jewish population following the Nazi Party's ascent to power in 1933, many German Jews chose to flee or emigrate. In 1933, Germany's Jewish population was approximately 500,000 people; by the end of the war, it is estimated that 300,000 fled the country, and 165,000 were murdered in the Holocaust. In order to flee, most Jewish emigrants from Germany had to give up the majority of their wealth to the German state, whose emigration tax and seizure of property stripped Jews of their financial assets. Destination and transit For Germany's Jewish refugees, the most common destination country was the United States, and almost half of all these refugees would arrive in the U.S. over this 12 year period. As the United States had a strict quota of 27,000 German migrants per year, many refugees were forced to enter via other countries. France was the second most common destination country, receiving 100,000 refugees. However, France was also used as a transit country for German Jews wishing to travel further afield, especially after it was annexed by Germany in 1940. This was also true for several other European countries, such as the Netherlands, which had provided protection for German Jews in the mid-1930s, before rapidly becoming very unsafe following the outbreak of war in 1939. The Frank family Possibly the most famous example of this was the story of Anne Frank and her family. Anne had been born in Frankfurt, Germany in 1929, but her family moved to the Netherlands in 1934 after Hitler came to power. The family then led a relatively comfortable and successful life in Amsterdam, with her father, Otto, founding his own businesses. When the Netherlands was invaded by the Germans in 1940, the family tried to emigrate once more; Otto had been granted a single Cuban visa in 1942, but the family was forced to go into hiding as the restrictions tightened. For the next two years, with the help of non-Jewish friends, they lived in secret in the upper floor of Otto's business premises with several other Jewish refugees, in a small space concealed behind a bookcase. In August 1944, through unknown means, the group was betrayed and then arrested by Dutch authorities, and the Frank family was sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau thereafter. Anne's mother, Edith, died of starvation in Auschwitz within five months of her capture, while Anne and her sister, Margot, died one month later after being transferred to the Bergen-Belsen camp in Germany. Otto was the sole survivor of the group. Otto's secretary, Miep Gies, had saved Anne's diary the day after the group was arrested, which she then gave to Otto; he then devoted much of the remainder of his life to the publication and promotion of his daughter's diary, which has now become one of the most famous and widely-read books in recent history. Additionally, the hiding space is now open to the public, and has become one of the Netherlands' most popular tourist museums.

The extent of gene flow during the range expansion of non-native species influences the amount of genetic diversity retained in expanding populations. Here, we analyse the population genetic structure of the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in north-eastern and central Europe. This invasive species is of management concern because it is highly susceptible to fox rabies and an important secondary host of the virus. We hypothesized that the large number of introduced animals and the species’ dispersal capabilities led to high population connectivity and maintenance of genetic diversity throughout the invaded range. We genotyped 332 tissue samples from seven European countries using 16 microsatellite loci. Different algorithms identified three genetic clusters corresponding to Finland, Denmark and a large ‘central’ population that reached from introduction areas in western Russia to northern Germany. Cluster assignments provided evidence of long-distance dispersal. The results of an Approximate Bayesian Computation analysis supported a scenario of equal effective population sizes among different pre-defined populations in the large central cluster. Our results are in line with strong gene flow and secondary admixture between neighbouring demes leading to reduced genetic structuring, probably a result of its fairly rapid population expansion after introduction. The results presented here are remarkable in the sense that we identified a homogenous genetic cluster inhabiting an area stretching over more than 1500km. They are also relevant for disease management, as in the event of a significant rabies outbreak, there is a great risk of a rapid virus spread among raccoon dog populations.

Theatre and concert promoters can look back on a turbulent past five years. At the beginning of the five-year period, players in the industry benefited from the positive overall economic situation, which prompted consumers to spend more money on leisure and culture. Both demand and prices for cultural events rose continuously. From March 2020, the coronavirus pandemic led to a ban on events until the end of the year, resulting in a slump in sales. Only a slight recovery was also observed in 2021, as smaller events were able to take place with a reduced number of spectators, but larger events remained prohibited throughout the year. On average, the industry's turnover has therefore fallen by 1.9% per year since 2019. In 2024, however, industry turnover is expected to increase by 0.9% year-on-year to EUR 2.5 billion as consumer spending on leisure, culture and entertainment rises.The average net household income has a decisive influence on sales development, as consumers tend to increase their spending on cultural events when they have a higher income. In addition, the time available to the population for theatre and concert visits is also highly relevant for industry sales. If the volume of work is high, there is less incentive to spend the remaining free time on going to a concert or theatre. Instead, people are more likely to switch to leisure activities that take up less time. While net household income is likely to continue to rise, the volume of work is expected to stagnate. Both factors are likely to have a positive impact on sales development in 2024.The industry is expected to continue to recover from the long-term consequences of the pandemic over the next five years. IBISWorld expects industry turnover to increase slightly by an average of 0.5% per year to €2.6 billion in 2029. However, the number of companies operating in the market is likely to remain almost stagnant until 2029, indicating increasing consolidation in the market.