In February 2025, crude oil accounted for a 58 percent share of the retail cost of gasoline in the United States. Crude oil costs are the greatest determining factor for petroleum product prices such as gasoline. This is also reflected in the U.S. diesel price breakdown, with crude oil making up 49 percent of the retail price that same month. U.S. gasoline cost breakdown The end price that consumers pay for gasoline in the U.S. is made up of several different components. The weighting of these different costs in the end price of gasoline is also very dynamic depending on the market. In April 2020, just 25 percent of the cost of one U.S. gallon of gasoline was from the cost of crude oil, as a result of the 2020 oil crisis. Other cost components are those associated with refining, distribution and marketing, and taxes. Residents in California pay the highest gasoline taxes out of all U.S. states, at 68.1 cents per gallon as of January 2024. U.S. gasoline prices Since 1980, U.S. gasoline prices have fluctuated greatly, usually reflecting the volatile nature of crude oil prices. The U.S. has some of the lowest unleaded premium prices in the world. When looking at the real U.S. gasoline price to end users, figures amounted to 1.24 real U.S. dollars per gallon in 2023. This ‘real’ U.S. dollars figure refers to the purchasing power of one U.S. dollar relative to the period of time between 1982 and 1984.

Graph and download economic data for Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Gasoline (All Types) in U.S. City Average (CUUR0000SETB01) from Mar 1935 to Jul 2025 about gas, urban, consumer, CPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

One gallon of motor gasoline cost end users in the United States around 1.14 real U.S. dollars in 2024, down from 1.24 real U.S. dollars in the previous year. Figures in 2022 were impacted by that year's surge in crude oil prices, following supply restraints related to the Russia-Ukraine war. According to the source, real dollars have been adjusted for inflation. They reflect the purchasing power of a U.S. dollar relative to the period from 1982 to 1984.

United States CSI: Expected Gasoline Prices: Next Yr: Median data was reported at 9.600 % in May 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.500 % for Apr 2018. United States CSI: Expected Gasoline Prices: Next Yr: Median data is updated monthly, averaging 4.600 % from Apr 1982 (Median) to May 2018, with 246 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 49.600 % in Jun 2008 and a record low of -0.400 % in Feb 1986. United States CSI: Expected Gasoline Prices: Next Yr: Median data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by University of Michigan. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.H034: Consumer Sentiment Index: Vehicle Buying Conditions. The question was: Now thinking only about the next twelve months, do you think that the price of gasoline will go up during the next twelve months, will gasoline prices go down, or will they stay about the same as they are now? About how many cents per gallon do you think gasoline prices will (increase/decrease) during the next twelve months compared to now?

Graph and download economic data for Producer Price Index by Commodity: Machinery and Equipment: Diesel, Semidiesel, and Dual-Fuel Engines for Automobiles, Trucks, and Buses (WPU11940811) from Dec 1982 to Jul 2025 about diesel, engineering, machinery, equipment, vehicles, commodities, PPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

United States - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Fuel Oil and Other Fuels in U.S. City Average was 361.82500 Index 1982-84=100 in June of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Fuel Oil and Other Fuels in U.S. City Average reached a record high of 512.34000 in June of 2022 and a record low of 8.50000 in February of 1947. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Fuel Oil and Other Fuels in U.S. City Average - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

India Wholesale Price Index: 82p: Average: Fuel, Power, Light and Lubricants: Mineral Oils: Liquified Petroleum Gas data was reported at 402.800 1981-1982=100 in Mar 2000. This records an increase from the previous number of 374.300 1981-1982=100 for Feb 2000. India Wholesale Price Index: 82p: Average: Fuel, Power, Light and Lubricants: Mineral Oils: Liquified Petroleum Gas data is updated monthly, averaging 132.100 1981-1982=100 from Apr 1982 (Median) to Mar 2000, with 216 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 402.800 1981-1982=100 in Mar 2000 and a record low of 100.900 1981-1982=100 in Mar 1983. India Wholesale Price Index: 82p: Average: Fuel, Power, Light and Lubricants: Mineral Oils: Liquified Petroleum Gas data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Commerce and Industry. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Inflation – Table IN.IH129: Wholesale Price Index: 1981-82=100: Fuel, Power, Light and Lubricants. Rebased from 1981-82=100 to 1993-94=100. Replacement series ID: 19616401

United States - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Motor Fuel in U.S. City Average was 277.60400 Index 1982-84=100 in March of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Motor Fuel in U.S. City Average reached a record high of 432.58500 in June of 2022 and a record low of 12.40000 in December of 1940. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Motor Fuel in U.S. City Average - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on September of 2025.

Graph and download economic data for Average Price: Gasoline, Leaded Premium (Cost per Gallon/3.8 Liters) in the Midwest Census Region - Urban (APU020074713) from Jan 1978 to Aug 1982 about energy, gas, retail, price, and USA.

United States CPI W: Housing: Fuel & Utility: Fuel: Fuel Oil & Oth: Fuel Oil data was reported at 300.874 1982-1984=100 in Jun 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 294.868 1982-1984=100 for May 2018. United States CPI W: Housing: Fuel & Utility: Fuel: Fuel Oil & Oth: Fuel Oil data is updated monthly, averaging 70.150 1982-1984=100 from Mar 1935 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 920 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 453.301 1982-1984=100 in Jul 2008 and a record low of 5.200 1982-1984=100 in Oct 1935. United States CPI W: Housing: Fuel & Utility: Fuel: Fuel Oil & Oth: Fuel Oil data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bureau of Labor Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.I012: Consumer Price Index: Urban Wage and Clerical Workers.

United States - Producer Price Index by Commodity: Fuels and Related Products and Power: No. 2 Diesel Fuel was 313.10800 Index 1982=100 in July of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Producer Price Index by Commodity: Fuels and Related Products and Power: No. 2 Diesel Fuel reached a record high of 652.66000 in June of 2022 and a record low of 37.40000 in July of 1986. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Producer Price Index by Commodity: Fuels and Related Products and Power: No. 2 Diesel Fuel - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on September of 2025.

Diesel fuel prices of Spain sank by 27.10% from 1.55 US dollars per liter in 2014 to 1.13 US dollars per liter in 2016. Since the 19.05% jump in 2012, diesel fuel prices plummeted by 35.43% in 2016. Fuel prices refer to the pump prices of the most widely sold grade of diesel fuel. Prices have been converted from the local currency to U.S. dollars.

United States - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Fuel Oil in U.S. City Average was 354.59100 Index 1982-84=100 in January of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Fuel Oil in U.S. City Average reached a record high of 495.85500 in July of 2022 and a record low of 66.10000 in July of 1986. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Fuel Oil in U.S. City Average - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on September of 2025.

The oil and natural gas price index is calculated using price data from both resources, weighted according to their share of energy consumption in the United States. The year 1982 is used as the base year for this index. Data sources include the International Monetary Fund and the Energy Information Administration.

United States CPI U: Housing: Fuel & Utility: Fuel: GE: Utility Natural Gas data was reported at 172.167 1982-1984=100 in Jun 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 173.420 1982-1984=100 for May 2018. United States CPI U: Housing: Fuel & Utility: Fuel: GE: Utility Natural Gas data is updated monthly, averaging 66.000 1982-1984=100 from Mar 1935 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 914 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 291.713 1982-1984=100 in Jul 2008 and a record low of 12.000 1982-1984=100 in Nov 1946. United States CPI U: Housing: Fuel & Utility: Fuel: GE: Utility Natural Gas data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bureau of Labor Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.I002: Consumer Price Index: Urban.

United States - Producer Price Index by Commodity: Fuels and Related Products and Power: Jet Fuel was 201.20000 Index 1982=100 in December of 2018, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Producer Price Index by Commodity: Fuels and Related Products and Power: Jet Fuel reached a record high of 387.00000 in July of 2008 and a record low of 36.50000 in December of 1998. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Producer Price Index by Commodity: Fuels and Related Products and Power: Jet Fuel - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on September of 2025.

Graph and download economic data for Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Fuel Oil and Other Fuels in U.S. City Average (CUUR0000SEHE) from Mar 1935 to Jun 2025 about fuels, oil, urban, consumer, CPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

South Urban - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Motor Fuel in South was 258.47000 Index 1982-84=100 in July of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, South Urban - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Motor Fuel in South reached a record high of 409.81500 in June of 2022 and a record low of 49.80000 in March of 1978. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for South Urban - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Motor Fuel in South - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on September of 2025.

Data Build Appendix for “The Response of Consumer Spending to Changes in Gasoline Prices" By Michael Gelman, Yuriy Gorodnichenko, Shachar Kariv, Dmitri Koustas, Matthew D. Shapiro, Dan Silverman, and Steven Tadelis Overview We provide replication code to generate 4 figures and 6 tables in the paper. The raw (unaggregated) transactions data from the App cannot be disclosed or shared, so are not included in this repository. The deposited data includes aggregated data for replication purposes (see below). Raw data from the CEX are not included for practical purposes. The replicator should expect the CEX build to run for about 2 hours. Statement about Rights • I certify that the author(s) of the manuscript have legitimate access to and permission to use the data used in this manuscript. Summary of Availability • Some data cannot be made publicly available. Details on each Data Source Anonymous App Data This research is carried out in cooperation with a financial aggregation and bill-paying computer and smartphone application (the “app”). The raw (unaggregated) transactions data from the App cannot be disclosed or shared, so are not included in this repository. Consumer Expenditure Survey Our paper uses both the CEX Interview Survey and the CEX Diary Survey. In the directory “replication_files/Zsupplementary_data,” we provide our final builds of the CEX data from which our readers can replicate results reported in the paper. Our final build of the diary survey data is named, “diarybuild.dta” and our final build of the interview survey data is named, “CGKS_Expenditures_updated.dta.” We do not provide the raw files due to their size, however interested users can replicate our final build after downloading the raw files. We obtained the raw files from the following sources: 1980-1981 Interview Survey *.txt files from NBER http://data.nber.org/ces/1980-1981/ 1980-1981 Diary Survey (ICPSR 8235): https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR08235.v2 1982-1989 *.txt files from ICPSR: 1982-1983 Diary Survey (ICPSR 8599): https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR08599.v1 1982-1983 Interview Survey (ICPSR 8598): https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR08598.v1 1984 Diary Survey (ICPSR 8628): https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR08628.v1 1984 Interview Survey (ICPSR 8671): https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR08671.v2 1985 Diary Survey (ICPSR 8905): https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR08905.v1 1985 Interview Survey (ICPSR 8904): https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR08904.v2 1986 Diary Survey (ICPSR 9114): https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR09114.v1 1986 Interview Survey (ICPSR 9113): https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR09113.v2 1987 Diary Survey (ICPSR 9333): https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR09333.v1 1987 Interview Survey (ICPSR 9332): https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR09332.v2 1988 Diary Survey (ICPSR 9570): https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR09570.v1 1988 Interview Survey (ICPSR 9451): https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR09451.v2 1989 Diary Survey (ICPSR 9714): https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR09714.v1 1989 Interview Survey (ICPSR 9712): https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR09712.v1 1990-1995 *.txt files from NBER http://data.nber.org/ces/ 1996-2014 *.dta files from NBER http://data.nber.org/ces/ 2015 *.dta files from BLS https://www.bls.gov/cex/pumd_data.htm#stata For the NBER files, we store the data locally with the exact file structure at http://data.nber.org/ces/. For the ICPSR files, we download all files and preserve the original file names. We organize files in folders with the following file structure: CEX_[YEAR]/Diary and CEX_[YEAR]/Interview, for Diary and Interview data, respectively. Our build of the raw CEX Interview Survey follows Coibion, Gorodnichenko, Kueng, and Silvia (CGKS) (2012). We update the CGKS build through 2015. The CGKS build performs the following steps: sums expenditures that occur in the same month as recommended by the BLS, drops 4th and higher observations per interview, drops household with zero food expenditures

Graph and download economic data for Average Price: Gasoline, Leaded Premium (Cost per Gallon/3.8 Liters) in the Midwest Census Region - Size Class A (APUS20074713) from Jan 1978 to Aug 1982 about energy, gas, retail, price, and USA.