The Federal Reserve's balance sheet has undergone significant changes since 2007, reflecting its response to major economic crises. From a modest *** trillion U.S. dollars at the end of 2007, it ballooned to approximately **** trillion U.S. dollars by May 2025. This dramatic expansion, particularly during the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic - both of which resulted in negative annual GDP growth in the U.S. - showcases the Fed's crucial role in stabilizing the economy through expansionary monetary policies. Impact on inflation and interest rates The Fed's expansionary measures, while aimed at stimulating economic growth, have had notable effects on inflation and interest rates. Following the quantitative easing in 2020, inflation in the United States reached * percent in 2022, the highest since 1991. However, by *************, inflation had declined to *** percent. Concurrently, the Federal Reserve implemented a series of interest rate hikes, with the rate peaking at **** percent in ***********, before the first rate cut since ************** occurred in **************. Financial implications for the Federal Reserve The expansion of the Fed's balance sheet and subsequent interest rate hikes have had significant financial implications. In 2023, the Fed reported a negative net income of ***** billion U.S. dollars, a stark contrast to the ***** billion U.S. dollars profit in 2022. This unprecedented shift was primarily due to rapidly rising interest rates, which caused the Fed's interest expenses to soar to over *** billion U.S. dollars in 2023. Despite this, the Fed's net interest income on securities acquired through open market operations reached a record high of ****** billion U.S. dollars in the same year.

Graph and download economic data for Other Financial Business; Loans from Federal Reserve Funding, Credit and Liquidity Facility Special Purpose Vehicles; Asset, Transactions (BOGZ1FU503069075A) from 1946 to 2024 about funds, finance companies, liquidity, companies, finance, transactions, credits, financial, vehicles, assets, loans, and USA.

Abstract (en): A primary purpose of the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 was to prevent banking panics by establishing the Federal Reserve System to function as a lender of last resort. Other types of financial crisis require a similar response, however, and the Federal Reserve has repeatedly used its capacity to generate liquidity to insulate the economy from crises in financial markets. The Fed's response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, is the most recent example of this. This paper reviews the Fed's responses to crises and potential crises in financial markets: the stock market crash of 1987, the Russian default, and the September 11th attacks. Files submitted are the data file 0403cnd.xls and the program file 0403cnp.prg. These data are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the investigator(s) if further information is desired.

This dataset is about books and is filtered where the book is Banks and poltics during the Progressive Era : the origins of the Federal Reserve System, 1897-1913, featuring 7 columns including author, BNB id, book, book publisher, and ISBN. The preview is ordered by publication date (descending).

Graph and download economic data for Other Financial Business; Loans from Federal Reserve Funding, Credit and Liquidity Facility Special Purpose Vehicles; Asset, Revaluation (BOGZ1FR503069075Q) from Q4 1946 to Q4 2024 about revaluation, funds, finance companies, liquidity, companies, finance, credits, financial, vehicles, assets, loans, and USA.

The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Act) authorizes the Board to regulate securities credit extended by brokers, dealers, banks, and other lenders. The FR T-4, FR U-1, and FR G-3 are recordkeeping requirements for brokers and dealers, banks, and other lenders, respectively. The FR G-3 and FR U-1 document the purpose of loans secured by margin stock. For purposes of these forms, margin stock is defined as (1) stocks that are registered on a national securities exchange or any over-the-counter security designated for trading in the National Market System, (2) debt securities (bonds) that are convertible into such stocks, and (3) shares of most mutual funds. The FR T-4 documents the purpose of credit being extended when that credit is not to purchase, carry, or trade in securities and the credit is in excess of that otherwise permitted under Regulation T , Credit by Brokers and Dealers. Lenders that are not brokers, dealers, and banks making loans secured by margin stock must register and deregister with the Federal Reserve using the FR G-1 and FR G-2, respectively, and must file an annual report (FR G-4) while registered. The Federal Reserve uses the data collected by the FR G-1, FR G-2, and FR G-4 to identify lenders subject to the Board’s Regulation U (Credit by Banks or Persons other than Brokers or Dealers for the Purpose of Purchasing or Carrying Margin Stocks) to verify their compliance with the regulation, and to monitor margin credit.

In this paper we model and explain US macroeconomic outcomes subject to the discipline that monetary policy is set optimally. Exploiting the restrictions that come from optimal policymaking, we estimate the parameters in the Federal Reserve's policy objective function together with the parameters in its optimization constraints. For the period following Volcker's appointment as chairman, we estimate the implicit inflation target to be around 1.4% and show that policymakers assigned a significant weight to interest rate smoothing. We show that the estimated optimal policy provides a good description of US data for the 1980s and 1990s.

The FR K-1 comprises a set of applications and notifications that govern the formation of Edge or agreement corporations and the international and foreign activities of U.S. banking organizations. This set of applications and notifications is in the form of eleven attachments (labeled attachment A through K) and collect information on projected financial data, purpose, location, activities, and management. Member banks, bank holding companies, Edge and agreement corporations, and certain foreign banking organizations file the FR K-1.

New Privately Owned Housing Starts in the United States by Purpose of Construction, Built for Rent Two or More Units was 83.00000 Thous. of Units in January of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, New Privately Owned Housing Starts in the United States by Purpose of Construction, Built for Rent Two or More Units reached a record high of 148.00000 in April of 1986 and a record low of 16.00000 in October of 2009. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for New Privately Owned Housing Starts in the United States by Purpose of Construction, Built for Rent Two or More Units - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on June of 2025.

Figures for ‘RBA foreign exchange transactions’, ‘Change in reserve assets due to valuation’ and ‘Total change in reserve assets’ refer to period totals. All other figures are end period values.

‘RBA foreign exchange transactions’, sales (-) and purchases (+), are reported according to the date on which settlement takes place (‘value date’).

‘Market’ transactions are foreign exchange transactions against the Australian dollar (excluding foreign exchange swaps) undertaken by the RBA with authorised foreign exchange dealers in Australia or banks overseas.

‘Australian Government’ transactions are the RBA’s foreign exchange transactions with the Australian Government.

‘Other outright’ transactions include the RBA’s outright transactions with other central banks, international financial institutions which are not intended to affect the exchange rate, clients other than the Australian Government, and interest received on holdings of foreign assets.

‘Swap deliveries’ are RBA foreign exchange swap transactions that settled during the period, excluding swaps conducted with the Federal Reserve as part of the USD Swap Facility. For the period January 1995 until February 1996 ‘Other outright’ includes ‘Swap deliveries’.

‘Official reserve assets’ comprise holdings of ‘Foreign exchange’, ‘Gold’ and ‘Other’ reserve assets, which comprise Special Drawing Rights, Reserve position in the IMF and the net value of swap transactions conducted with the Federal Reserve as part of the USD Swap Facility.

‘Outstanding forward foreign exchange commitments’ mainly reflect market values of the second leg of RBA swap transactions outstanding and, from time to time, outstanding RBA outright forward transactions. Prior to July 2002 contract values are reported.

The sum of ‘Gold’ and ‘Foreign exchange’ may differ from figures reported in the weekly Statement of Liabilities and Assets and the RBA’s Annual Report. From 1 July 1996, foreign currency securities sold under repurchase agreements are retained for accounting purposes as foreign currency investments in the RBA’s balance sheet, in accordance with standard accounting treatment. For the purpose of reporting foreign exchange reserves in this table, however, securities sold under repurchase agreements are excluded. In addition, from 20 December 2006, foreign exchange sales (-) and purchases (+) are reported for accounting purposes according to the date on which they are contracted (‘trade date’). For the purpose of reporting foreign exchange reserves in this table, however, foreign exchange transactions are reported according to the date on which settlement takes place (‘value date’).

This dataset is about book series. It has 1 row and is filtered where the books is The monetary policy of the Federal Reserve : a history. It features 10 columns including number of authors, number of books, earliest publication date, and latest publication date.

NREL: Loan Purpose: Other data was reported at 19.440 USD bn in Jun 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 18.890 USD bn for Mar 2018. NREL: Loan Purpose: Other data is updated quarterly, averaging 14.595 USD bn from Mar 1977 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 166 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 44.610 USD bn in Dec 1994 and a record low of 4.350 USD bn in Sep 1986. NREL: Loan Purpose: Other data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.KA021: Agriculture Financing: Non-Real Estate Loans to Farmers.

United States - Import Price Index (Harmonized System): Electrical Machines and Apparatus, Having Individual Functions; Parts Thereof was 105.40000 Index Dec 2014=100 in December of 2021, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Import Price Index (Harmonized System): Electrical Machines and Apparatus, Having Individual Functions; Parts Thereof reached a record high of 106.50000 in March of 2020 and a record low of 98.60000 in August of 2015. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Import Price Index (Harmonized System): Electrical Machines and Apparatus, Having Individual Functions; Parts Thereof - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on June of 2025.

Graph and download economic data for New Privately Owned Housing Starts in the United States by Purpose of Construction, Built for Sale Total One-Family Units (HOUSTPFST1FQ) from Q1 1974 to Q1 2025 about housing starts, privately owned, 1-unit structures, family, construction, new, sales, housing, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for New Privately Owned Housing Starts by Purpose of Construction, Built for Sale Fee Simple One-Family Units in the Northeast Census Region (HOUSTPFS1FNEQ) from Q1 1985 to Q4 2024 about Northeast Census Region, housing starts, privately owned, 1-unit structures, family, construction, new, sales, housing, and USA.

All Employees: Durable Goods: Other General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing in California was 15.70000 Thous. of Persons in January of 2024, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, All Employees: Durable Goods: Other General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing in California reached a record high of 31.90000 in January of 1990 and a record low of 15.10000 in January of 2020. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for All Employees: Durable Goods: Other General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing in California - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on May of 2025.

New Privately Owned Housing Starts by Purpose of Construction, Built for Sale Fee Simple One-Family Units in the South Census Region was 116.00000 Thous. of Units in October of 2021, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, New Privately Owned Housing Starts by Purpose of Construction, Built for Sale Fee Simple One-Family Units in the South Census Region reached a record high of 184.00000 in April of 2005 and a record low of 31.00000 in October of 2008. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for New Privately Owned Housing Starts by Purpose of Construction, Built for Sale Fee Simple One-Family Units in the South Census Region - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on April of 2025.

Graph and download economic data for Producer Price Index by Commodity: Machinery and Equipment: Specific-Purpose Industrial Controls (WPU117507993) from Jun 2011 to Apr 2025 about machinery, equipment, commodities, PPI, industry, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for 28) How Has the Provision of Differential Terms by Your Institution to Most Favored (as a Function of Breadth, Duration, and Extent of Relationship) Insurance Companies Changed over the Past Three Months?| Answer Type: Increased Somewhat (CTQ28ISNR) from Q4 2011 to Q4 2024 about duration, change, companies, insurance, 3-month, and USA.

In April 2025, global inflation rates and central bank interest rates showed significant variation across major economies. Most economies initiated interest rate cuts from mid-2024 due to declining inflationary pressures. The U.S., UK, and EU central banks followed a consistent pattern of regular rate reductions throughout late 2024. In early 2025, Russia maintained the highest interest rate at 21 percent, while Japan retained the lowest at 0.5 percent. Varied inflation rates across major economies The inflation landscape varies considerably among major economies. China had the lowest inflation rate at -0.1 percent in April 2025. In contrast, Russia maintained a high inflation rate of 10.2 percent. These figures align with broader trends observed in early 2025, where China had the lowest inflation rate among major developed and emerging economies, while Russia's rate remained the highest. Central bank responses and economic indicators Central banks globally implemented aggressive rate hikes throughout 2022-23 to combat inflation. The European Central Bank exemplified this trend, raising rates from 0 percent in January 2022 to 4.5 percent by September 2023. A coordinated shift among major central banks began in mid-2024, with the ECB, Bank of England, and Federal Reserve initiating rate cuts, with forecasts suggesting further cuts through 2025 and 2026.