This dataset was generated by parsing PDFs released by the US Treasury for foreign exchange. An edited version (quarterly-edited.csv) includes fixes for typos in the Treasury data.

Usage caveats from the documentation:

"Exceptions to using the reporting rates as shown in the report are: * collections and refunds to be valued at specified rates set by international agreements, * conversions of one foreign currency into another, * foreign currencies sold for dollars, and * other types of transactions affecting dollar appropriations. (See Volume I Treasury Financial Manual 2-3200 for further details.)

Since the exchange rates in this report are not current rates of exchange, they should not be used to value transactions affecting dollar appropriations."

Additional caveats:

This unified dataset should be used only for reference or ballpark estimation, and not for anything like automated valuation. The reason is because there's still a lot of messiness involving countries and changing units- when in doubt or if required, please do additional research to confirm the historical rates are indeed as stated.

Future plans:

• Clean this up so that it can indeed be used in an automated system for converting currencies
• Fill in the missing entries
• Standardize country names and currency names

Documentation

Source

Snapshot img

Foreign Exchange Market Size 2025-2029

The foreign exchange market size is forecast to increase by USD 582 billion, at a CAGR of 10.6% between 2024 and 2029.

The Foreign Exchange Market is segmented by type (reporting dealers, financial institutions, non-financial customers), trade finance instruments (currency swaps, outright forward and FX swaps, FX options), trading platforms (electronic trading, over-the-counter (OTC), mobile trading), and geography (North America: US, Canada; Europe: Germany, Switzerland, UK; Middle East and Africa: UAE; APAC: China, India, Japan; South America: Brazil; Rest of World). This segmentation reflects the market's global dynamics, driven by institutional trading, increasing digital adoption through electronic trading and mobile trading, and regional economic activities, with APAC markets like India and China showing significant growth alongside traditional hubs like the US and UK.
The market is experiencing significant shifts driven by the escalating trends of urbanization and digitalization. These forces are creating 24x7 trading opportunities, enabling greater accessibility and convenience for market participants. However, the market's dynamics are not without challenges. The uncertainty of future exchange rates poses a formidable obstacle for businesses and investors alike, necessitating robust risk management strategies. As urbanization continues to expand and digital technologies reshape the trading landscape, market players must adapt to remain competitive. One significant trend is the increasing use of money transfer agencies, venture capital investments, and mutual funds in foreign exchange transactions. Companies seeking to capitalize on these opportunities must navigate the challenges effectively, ensuring they stay abreast of exchange rate fluctuations and implement agile strategies to mitigate risk.
The ability to adapt and respond to these market shifts will be crucial for success in the evolving market.

What will be the Size of the Foreign Exchange Market during the forecast period?

Explore in-depth regional segment analysis with market size data - historical 2019-2023 and forecasts 2025-2029 - in the full report.
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In the dynamic and intricate realm of the market, entities such as algorithmic trading, order book, order management systems, and liquidity risk intertwine, shaping the ever-evolving market landscape. The market's continuous unfolding is characterized by the integration of various components, including sentiment analysis, Fibonacci retracement, mobile trading, and good-for-the-day orders. Market activities are influenced by factors like political stability, monetary policy, and market liquidity, which in turn impact economic growth and trade settlement. Technical analysis, with its focus on chart patterns and moving averages, plays a crucial role in informing trading decisions. The market's complexity is further amplified by the presence of entities like credit risk, counterparty risk, and operational risk.

Central bank intervention, order execution, clearing and settlement, and trade confirmation are essential components of the market's infrastructure, ensuring a seamless exchange of currencies. Geopolitical risk, currency correlation, and inflation rates contribute to currency volatility, necessitating hedging strategies and risk management. Market risk, interest rate differentials, and commodity currencies influence trading strategies, while cross-border payments and brokerage services facilitate international trade. The ongoing evolution of the market is marked by the emergence of advanced trading platforms, automated trading, and real-time data feeds, enabling traders to make informed decisions in an increasingly interconnected and complex global economy.

How is this Foreign Exchange Industry segmented?

The foreign exchange industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Type

  Reporting dealers
  Financial institutions
  Non-financial customers


Trade Finance Instruments

  Currency swaps
  Outright forward and FX swaps
  FX options


Trading Platforms

  Electronic Trading
  Over-the-Counter (OTC)
  Mobile Trading


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    Germany
    Switzerland
    UK


  Middle East and Africa

    UAE


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan


  South America

    Brazil


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Type Insights

The reporting dealers segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

The market is a dynamic and complex ecosystem where various entities interplay to manage currency risks and facilitate international trade. Reporting dealers, as key participants,

A graphic that displays the dollar performance against other currencies reveals that economic developments had mixed results on currency exchanges. The third quarter of 2023 marked a period of disinflation in the euro area, while China's projected growth was projected to go up. The United States economy was said to have a relatively strong performance in Q3 2023, although growing capital market interest rate and the resumption of student loan repayments might dampen this growth at the end of 2023. A relatively weak Japanese yen Q3 2023 saw pressure from investors towards Japanese authorities on how they would respond to the situation surrounding the Japanese yen. The USD/JPY rate was close to ***, whereas analysts suspected it should be around ** given the country's purchase power parity. The main reason for this disparity is said to be the differences in central bank interest rates between the United States, the euro area, and Japan. Any future aggressive changes from, especially the U.S. Fed might lower those differences. Financial markets responded somewhat disappoint when Japan did not announce major plans to tackle the situation. Potential rent decreases in 2024 Central bank rates peak in 2023, although it is expected that some of these will decline in early 2024. That said, analysts expect overall policies will remain restrictive. For example, the Bank of England's interest rate remained unchanged at **** percent in Q3 2023. It is believed the United Kingdom's central bank will ease its interest rate in 2024 but less than either the U.S. Fed or the European Central Bank. This should be a positive development for the pound compared to either the euro or the dollar.

Argentina Forex: Futures: NDF: United States Dollar: 1 Month data was reported at 96.480 USD/ARS in May 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 95.350 USD/ARS for Apr 2021. Argentina Forex: Futures: NDF: United States Dollar: 1 Month data is updated monthly, averaging 4.370 USD/ARS from Jul 2002 (Median) to May 2021, with 227 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 96.480 USD/ARS in May 2021 and a record low of 2.820 USD/ARS in Jul 2003. Argentina Forex: Futures: NDF: United States Dollar: 1 Month data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of Argentina. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Argentina – Table AR.M012: Foreign Exchange Rates.

The EUR/USD exchange rate fell to 1.1735 on July 24, 2025, down 0.33% from the previous session. Over the past month, the Euro US Dollar Exchange Rate - EUR/USD has strengthened 0.44%, and is up by 8.14% over the last 12 months. Euro US Dollar Exchange Rate - EUR/USD - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

Argentina Forex: Futures: ROFEX: United States Dollar: 1 Month: Traded Volume: All Maturities data was reported at 37,547.000 ARS mn in May 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 39,300.000 ARS mn for Apr 2021. Argentina Forex: Futures: ROFEX: United States Dollar: 1 Month: Traded Volume: All Maturities data is updated monthly, averaging 1,009.000 ARS mn from Dec 2002 (Median) to May 2021, with 220 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 75,816.000 ARS mn in Jun 2019 and a record low of 12.000 ARS mn in Dec 2002. Argentina Forex: Futures: ROFEX: United States Dollar: 1 Month: Traded Volume: All Maturities data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of Argentina. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Argentina – Table AR.M012: Foreign Exchange Rates.

Japan Exports Nowcast: YoY: Contribution: Foreign Exchange Rates: U.S. Dollar Index: Futures: Open Interest data was reported at 4.086 % in 12 May 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 4.628 % for 05 May 2025. Japan Exports Nowcast: YoY: Contribution: Foreign Exchange Rates: U.S. Dollar Index: Futures: Open Interest data is updated weekly, averaging 0.101 % from Mar 2020 (Median) to 12 May 2025, with 271 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 22.114 % in 15 May 2023 and a record low of 0.000 % in 18 Dec 2023. Japan Exports Nowcast: YoY: Contribution: Foreign Exchange Rates: U.S. Dollar Index: Futures: Open Interest data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.CEIC.NC: CEIC Nowcast: Exports.

This statistic presents the leading foreign exchange futures and options contracts traded worldwide in 2018, by volume. The U.S. Dollar/Russian Ruble Futures contract traded on the Moscow Stock Exchange led the ranking in 2018, with volume amounting to approximately 559.49 million.

The euro-to-dollar exchange rate fluctuated significantly in 2022, reaching its lowest recorded value since 2008 during that time. Figures were different later in the year, however, with a rate of 1.17 USD recorded at the end of July 22, 2025. The average (standardized) measure is based on the calculation of many observations throughout the period in question. It is therefore different from an annual measure at a point, which reflects concrete values as of end of the year.EstablishmentThe euro, which was established in 1992, introduced in non-physical form in 1999 and finally rolled out in 2002, is used by 19 of the 27 member states of the European Union. This group of countries is otherwise known as the eurozone or euro area. By 2018, the total value of euro currency in circulation was almost 1.2 trillion euros, or over 3.4 thousand euros per capita.Euro to USDBetween 2001 and 2008, the average annual exchange rate of the euro to the U.S. dollar noted a steep increase. In 2008, the euro to U.S. dollar annual average exchange rate was equal to 1.47, which meant that one euro could buy 1.47 U.S. dollars. By 2019, this value had decreased overall, to a value of 1.12 which meant that one euro could buy 1.12 U.S. dollars. Similar dynamics in the euro to U.S. dollar exchange rate were also reflected in the monthly exchange rate recently.

The Global Currency Historical Prices Dataset provides a comprehensive collection of historical data for multiple currencies from around the world. This dataset includes daily open, high, low, and closing prices for each currency. The dataset is updated regularly to include the latest available data.

The dataset includes historical data for a variety of currencies, such as the US dollar, the Euro, the Japanese yen, the British pound, the Canadian dollar, the Swiss franc, the Australian dollar, and many others. This dataset covers a broad range of currencies and includes data from various countries, making it a valuable resource for anyone interested in analyzing global currency trends and patterns.

The data is provided in a user-friendly format, making it easy to download and use. The dataset includes data on currency prices for each day, as well as additional data such as currency exchange rates and volume data. The data is presented in a CSV format, making it compatible with most data analysis and machine learning tools.

This dataset is ideal for researchers, financial analysts, traders, and anyone interested in studying the historical trends and patterns of global currency prices. It can be used for a variety of purposes, such as developing trading strategies, backtesting models, and creating machine learning models for predicting future currency prices.

Overall, the Global Currencies Historical Prices Dataset is a valuable resource for anyone looking to analyze the historical trends and patterns of global currency prices. It provides comprehensive data on multiple currencies from various countries, making it an excellent tool for financial analysis and research.

Provide daily reference exchange rates for foreign currencies (Taiwan Futures Exchange).

Context

I've searched on kaggle for a good list of historical currency pairs price rates data but i can't find something that contains variety list of pairs together so i've created one.

Content

The data contains Forex EURUSD, AUDUSD, USDCAD, USDCHF, USDJPY currency rates in 15-minute slices (High Low Open Close) from year of 2000 to 2020.

The dates are in the yyyy.mm.dd hh:mm:ss format, GMT.

Acknowledgements

The data is created by this mql5 script https://github.com/MAmin233/MQL_Scripts/blob/master/export.mq5 that runned on a forex broker (if you have an improvement idea please share with me)

Inspiration

Just would like to see if it is possible to make a model that can analyse the prices and show us best buy/sell positions or predicting some good features about the future of prices ( not exactly the price )

Foreign Exchange Market Outlook

The foreign exchange market, or forex market, is projected to experience robust growth over the coming years, with the market size anticipated to increase from approximately USD 2.4 trillion in 2023 to an estimated USD 3.5 trillion by 2032, reflecting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.2%. This growth is driven by a combination of factors, including the increasing global trade activities, the rise of digital trading platforms, and the greater participation of retail investors. Furthermore, advancements in technology, particularly in electronic trading platforms, have democratized forex trading, making it more accessible to individual investors and contributing significantly to the market expansion.

One of the primary growth factors for the foreign exchange market is the surge in international trade. As globalization continues to advance, businesses and governments are engaging in cross-border transactions more than ever before, necessitating currency exchanges. The need for hedging against foreign exchange risk is a crucial driver for forex demand, as businesses seek to mitigate the risks associated with currency fluctuations. Additionally, emerging markets are becoming increasingly significant players in global trade, leading to a greater volume of foreign exchange transactions. The increasing economic interdependence among nations has thus considerably bolstered the forex market.

The proliferation of digital trading platforms has also played a pivotal role in the forex market's growth. Innovations in financial technology have revolutionized trading environments, making them more efficient and user-friendly. The rise of electronic trading platforms has allowed for seamless transactions and real-time exchange rate monitoring, attracting a larger number of individual investors to the market. This technological enhancement has not only increased market liquidity but has also improved transaction speed and accuracy, thereby increasing the overall appeal of forex trading to a broader audience, including retail investors who were previously sidelined in such markets.

Geopolitical developments and macroeconomic policies have substantial impacts on the foreign exchange market. Government regulations, monetary policies, and international economic agreements can lead to significant currency fluctuations, thus affecting forex trading volumes. Central banks around the world, with their monetary policies, directly influence currency values, impacting the forex market. Political events such as elections, trade wars, and global health crises like the COVID-19 pandemic have demonstrated their potential to create volatility in currency markets, driving up trading volumes as investors seek to capitalize on or hedge against these fluctuations.

The regional outlook for the foreign exchange market highlights varying levels of growth across different geographies. North America leads the market, driven by the presence of major financial institutions and a high level of trading activity. Europe also holds a significant share due to its well-established financial markets and the presence of the Euro, a major global currency. The Asia Pacific region is poised for substantial growth, spurred by the economic rise of countries like China and India, which are increasingly engaging in international trade. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa, although smaller in market size, are expected to witness steady growth as they continue to integrate into the global economy and develop their financial infrastructures.

Type Analysis

The foreign exchange market is categorized by types such as spot, forward, swap, and options, each serving distinct purposes and client needs. Spot transactions, which involve the immediate exchange of currencies at current market rates, constitute a significant portion of forex trading due to their simplicity and liquidity. The ease with which spot trades can be executed provides a straightforward means for participants to engage in the forex market, catering predominantly to retail traders and smaller transactions. The immediacy of spot trading makes it particularly attractive for those seeking to capitalize on short-term currency fluctuations and provides a foundational understanding for many entering the forex market.

Forward contracts represent another critical segment. These are agreements to exchange currencies at a future date at a predetermined rate, providing a hedge against future currency risk. Forward contracts are particularly valuable for corporations and financial institutions that engage in international

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The DXY exchange rate rose to 97.3823 on July 24, 2025, up 0.17% from the previous session. Over the past month, the United States Dollar has weakened 0.30%, and is down by 6.67% over the last 12 months. United States Dollar - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

The USD/BRL exchange rate rose to 5.5285 on July 24, 2025, up 0.13% from the previous session. Over the past month, the Brazilian Real has strengthened 0.64%, and is up by 2.06% over the last 12 months. Brazilian Real - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of monetary policy on financial asset prices in Poland. Following Gürkaynak et al. (2005) I test how many factors adequately explain the variability of short-term interest rates around MPC meetings, finding that there are two such factors. The first one has a structural interpretation as a “current interest rate change” factor, and the second one as a “future interest rate changes” factor, with the latter related to MPC communication. Regression analysis shows that, controlling for foreign interest rates and global risk aversion, both MPC actions and communication matter for government bond yields, and that communication is more important for stock prices. Furthermore, the foreign exchange rate used to depreciate (appreciate) after MPC statements signalling tighter (easier) future monetary policy. However, the effect disappeared at the end of the sample. For most of the sample the exchange rate would appreciate (depreciate) or would not change in a statistically significant manner after an increase (a decrease) of the current interest rate. The results indicate that not only changes of the current interest rate but also MPC communication matters for financial asset prices in Poland. It has important implications for the conduct of monetary policy, especially in a low inflation and low interest rate environment.