Certificate of Deposit Market size was valued at USD 7.2 Billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 10.8 Billion by 2031, growing at a CAGR of 5% from 2024 to 2031.Certificate of Deposit Market: Definition/ OverviewA Certificate of Deposit (CD) is a fixed-income financial instrument given by banks and credit unions in which a person commits to deposit a specific amount of money for a set length of time in exchange for a guaranteed fixed interest rate. CDs are often seen as low-risk investments, providing investors with regular returns while shielding their wealth from market volatility. Certificates of Deposit are used as a secure savings option for those wishing to conserve their cash while receiving interest, making them especially appealing during times of economic turmoil. Furthermore, financial organizations use CDs to stabilize their financing sources, allowing them to lend or invest the pooled money more effectively, thus promoting broader economic activity.

Certificate of Deposit Market Outlook

The global certificate of deposit (CD) market size was valued at approximately USD 1 trillion in 2023, and it is projected to reach nearly USD 1.5 trillion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of around 4.5%. This growth is primarily driven by the increasing preference for safe and secure investment options amidst global economic uncertainties. Factors such as technological advancements in banking, fluctuating interest rates, and evolving consumer preferences are expected to further fuel the expansion of the CD market. As investors seek to balance risk and return, the certificate of deposit market is poised for significant growth over the next decade.

A major growth factor in the certificate of deposit market is the heightened demand for low-risk investment products, especially in volatile economic climates. As global markets experience fluctuations due to geopolitical tensions and unpredictable economic policies, investors are increasingly turning to CDs as a stable and predictable source of income. The fixed interest rates and government insurance associated with CDs make them an attractive option for risk-averse investors. Additionally, the increasing financial literacy among the population is leading to greater awareness of CDs as an investment tool, further driving market growth.

The digital transformation of banking services has also had a profound impact on the certificate of deposit market. Online banks and financial institutions are now offering more competitive rates and greater accessibility to CD products, thereby expanding their customer base. This digital shift has not only increased the convenience for consumers but also allowed institutions to reduce operational costs, enabling them to offer more attractive rates. Furthermore, the proliferation of fintech platforms has facilitated easier comparison of CD rates and terms, empowering consumers to make more informed investment decisions, which ultimately supports market growth.

Interest rates, which are a critical determinant of the attractiveness of CDs, have become progressively volatile, largely influencing the dynamics of the CD market. Central banks across the globe are adjusting rates in response to inflationary pressures and economic recovery efforts post-pandemic. While higher interest rates may enhance the appeal of CDs by offering better returns, they also make other investment avenues more attractive. Consequently, financial institutions are developing innovative CD products with features such as bump-up rates or liquidity options to maintain competitiveness. As interest rate environments evolve, so too will the strategies employed by both issuers and investors within the CD market.

Regionally, North America holds a significant share of the certificate of deposit market, driven by a mature banking sector and a high level of investor awareness. Europe follows closely, with its robust regulatory framework and stable economic environment contributing to sustained interest in CDs. Meanwhile, the Asia Pacific region is expected to exhibit the fastest growth rate, attributed to rapid economic development and increasing individual wealth in countries such as China and India. The Latin America and Middle East & Africa regions are also anticipated to see moderate growth, spurred by improving financial infrastructure and increasing investor education initiatives. Overall, the global CD market is poised for steady expansion, with varying growth trajectories across different regions.

Type Analysis

The certificate of deposit market is diverse, encompassing several types of CDs, each catering to different investor needs and preferences. Traditional CDs remain the most prevalent, offering fixed interest rates over specified terms. Their appeal lies in their simplicity and the assurance of a guaranteed return, which continues to attract conservative investors. The demand for traditional CDs is particularly strong among retirees and individuals seeking stable income sources. Despite the emergence of more flexible CD options, traditional CDs maintain their dominance due to the predictability and security they offer in uncertain financial climates.

Bump-Up CDs have gained traction as investors seek products that allow for interest rate adjustments during the term. This type of CD offers the potential for higher returns if market rates increase, providing a hedge against rising interest environments. The flexibility of bump-up CDs makes them attractive to investors who wish to capitalize on upward trends without abandoning the security of a CD. Howe

Congo, The Democratic Republic of the CD: Alcohol Consumption Rate: Projected Estimates: Aged 15+: Male data was reported at 4.400 NA in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 4.300 NA for 2010. Congo, The Democratic Republic of the CD: Alcohol Consumption Rate: Projected Estimates: Aged 15+: Male data is updated yearly, averaging 4.350 NA from Dec 2010 (Median) to 2016, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.400 NA in 2016 and a record low of 4.300 NA in 2010. Congo, The Democratic Republic of the CD: Alcohol Consumption Rate: Projected Estimates: Aged 15+: Male data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Democratic Republic of Congo – Table CD.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. Total alcohol per capita consumption is defined as the total (sum of recorded and unrecorded alcohol) amount of alcohol consumed per person (15 years of age or older) over a calendar year, in litres of pure alcohol, adjusted for tourist consumption.; ; World Health Organization, Global Health Observatory Data Repository (http://apps.who.int/ghodata/).; Weighted average;

U.S. Certificate Of Deposit Market size was valued at USD 2,852 Million in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 2,980 Million by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 0.3% from 2025 to 2032.

U.S. Certificate Of Deposit Market Outlook
The U.S. Certificate of Deposit (CD) market has undergone significant transformation in response to changing economic conditions, regulatory shifts, and innovations in financial services. Historically, CDs have served as a foundational element for conservative investors, providing stability, security, and reliable returns. Over the years, the landscape of these financial instruments has changed from a purely traditional savings option to a more varied and dynamic sector within the banking industry, reflecting evolving consumer needs and the broader financial environment.

Deposit Interest Rate in Dominican Republic increased to 9.07 percent in May from 8.75 percent in April of 2025. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Deposit Interest Rate in Dominican Republic.

Congo, The Democratic Republic of the CD: Alcohol Consumption Rate: Projected Estimates: Aged 15+: Female data was reported at 0.800 NA in 2016. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.800 NA for 2010. Congo, The Democratic Republic of the CD: Alcohol Consumption Rate: Projected Estimates: Aged 15+: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 0.800 NA from Dec 2010 (Median) to 2016, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.800 NA in 2016 and a record low of 0.800 NA in 2016. Congo, The Democratic Republic of the CD: Alcohol Consumption Rate: Projected Estimates: Aged 15+: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Democratic Republic of Congo – Table CD.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. Total alcohol per capita consumption is defined as the total (sum of recorded and unrecorded alcohol) amount of alcohol consumed per person (15 years of age or older) over a calendar year, in litres of pure alcohol, adjusted for tourist consumption.; ; World Health Organization, Global Health Observatory Data Repository (http://apps.who.int/ghodata/).; Weighted average;

The global compact disc (CD) market, while facing significant decline in recent years due to the rise of digital music streaming and downloads, maintains a niche presence, particularly in certain segments. While precise figures for market size and CAGR are not provided, a reasonable estimation can be made based on industry trends. Considering the mature nature of the CD market and its steady decline, let's assume a 2025 market size of $500 million USD. Given the ongoing shift towards digital formats, a conservative Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of -5% is projected for the forecast period of 2025-2033. This reflects a continued, albeit slow, contraction of the market. This shrinking market size is driven by the persistent dominance of digital music platforms, offering consumers greater convenience and extensive music libraries. However, certain CD segments, such as those related to archiving or audiophile-quality music reproduction, may experience slower decline rates. The market is also segmented by type (CD-ROM, Recordable CD, ReWritable CD, Video CD, Others) and application (Commercial, Family use). Key players like Mitsubishi Kagaku Media, Sony, and Ritek continue to compete, focusing on specialized applications and high-quality production to cater to the remaining demand. The regional distribution likely shows stronger performance in developing economies with less developed digital infrastructure. The future of the CD market hinges on its ability to adapt to evolving consumer preferences. While complete market displacement is highly probable, there's potential for niche markets to remain viable. This could involve focusing on archival needs, high-quality audio production for enthusiasts, or specialized applications such as software distribution in regions with limited internet access. Companies will need to strategically focus on innovative product offerings or target specific consumer segments to maintain market share, acknowledging the unavoidable long-term contraction of the overall market. Understanding these segment-specific dynamics is crucial for navigating the ongoing transition and identifying sustainable business models within this evolving landscape.

External CD Drives Market Outlook

The global external CD drives market size is projected to grow from USD 1.5 billion in 2023 to USD 2.3 billion by 2032, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 4.9% during the forecast period. This growth is primarily driven by the sustained demand for physical media storage solutions in various niche markets and the resurgence of interest in retro media formats.

One significant growth factor for the external CD drives market is the continuous reliance on physical media for archival purposes, particularly in industries where data integrity and long-term storage are paramount. For instance, sectors like healthcare and legal services frequently use CDs and DVDs for secure data storage and transfer. Additionally, the increasing trend of retro media consumption, where consumers seek out older music and software formats, has also contributed to the enduring relevance of external CD drives. This trend is particularly prominent among enthusiasts and collectors who value the tangible aspect of physical media.

Moreover, the educational sector continues to be a substantial consumer of external CD drives. Many educational institutions, particularly in developing regions, still rely on CDs and DVDs for distributing educational content and software. This is due to the cost-effectiveness and ease of distribution associated with optical discs. Furthermore, the increasing demand for secure and offline backups in personal and commercial settings has bolstered the sales of external CD drives. As cyber threats and data breaches become more prevalent, many individuals and businesses are turning to offline storage solutions to mitigate risks.

Another growth factor is the technological advancements in external CD drives, which have made them more versatile and user-friendly. Modern external CD drives now come with various connectivity options, including USB 3.0 and USB-C, which offer faster data transfer speeds and better compatibility with contemporary devices. This has made external CD drives a convenient option for users who need to access or transfer data across different platforms. Additionally, the introduction of wireless external CD drives has provided even greater flexibility and ease of use, further driving market growth.

In the realm of data storage, the Microfloppy Disk Drive represents a fascinating chapter in the history of computing technology. While it has largely been supplanted by more advanced storage solutions, the microfloppy disk drive was once a cornerstone of personal and business computing. Its compact size and portability made it a popular choice for data transfer and storage in the late 20th century. Today, the microfloppy disk drive is often viewed with nostalgia, as it evokes memories of an era when physical media was the primary means of data exchange. For collectors and technology enthusiasts, the microfloppy disk drive remains a symbol of innovation and progress, illustrating the rapid evolution of data storage technologies over the decades.

From a regional perspective, North America and Europe continue to be significant markets for external CD drives, driven by the high adoption rate of technology and the presence of key market players. However, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period, fueled by the rapidly expanding consumer electronics market and increasing disposable income in countries like China and India. The growing number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in these regions also contributes to the demand for external CD drives for data storage and backup solutions.

Product Type Analysis

The product type segment of the external CD drives market is categorized into portable external CD drives and desktop external CD drives. Portable external CD drives are highly favored due to their compact size and ease of use, making them ideal for personal and on-the-go use. These drives typically feature plug-and-play functionality, which allows users to connect them to a wide range of devices without the need for additional software or drivers. The portability and convenience of these drives make them a popular choice among students, professionals, and travelers who need to access or share data while on the move.

On the other hand, desktop external CD drives are designed for more stationary use and are often preferred in commercial and industrial settings. These drives typically of

The global CD publishing systems market is experiencing moderate growth, driven by the continued demand for physical media in niche sectors despite the rise of digital distribution. While the overall market size is shrinking compared to its peak, it maintains relevance due to its specialized applications. Let's assume, for illustrative purposes, a 2025 market size of $500 million, with a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 2% from 2025 to 2033. This modest growth reflects the sustained, albeit reduced, need for physical CDs in sectors like archiving, specialized audio production, and certain governmental and financial institutions. The market is segmented by size (large, medium, small) and application (audio/video, service bureaus, banking/finance, government, software, gaming, medical, telecommunications, manufacturing). Factors such as the increasing preference for digital formats and the declining cost of digital storage pose significant restraints on market expansion. However, the unique needs of specific applications, such as data security and archival purposes, coupled with the perceived higher quality or authenticity of physical media in certain industries, contribute to the market's continued existence. This niche market exhibits varying growth trajectories across different segments. While the overall CAGR is moderate, certain application segments, such as archiving within the government and financial services sectors, might display higher growth rates than others. Similarly, regional variations exist, with North America and Europe likely exhibiting comparatively stronger performance than other regions, due to the higher concentration of established players and specialized applications in those areas. The competitive landscape involves both established players like Rimage and Primera Technology, and smaller niche providers. Future market performance depends significantly on the continued demand for physical media in specialized sectors and innovation in CD publishing technologies. Technological advancements, potentially focusing on increased efficiency and automation, could positively influence market growth and profitability. This report provides a detailed analysis of the global CD publishing systems market, offering insights into market size, key players, emerging trends, and future growth prospects. The market, while facing decline due to digital media dominance, still holds significant value, particularly in niche sectors. We estimate the global market size at approximately $250 million in 2023, projecting a moderate decline to $220 million by 2028.

Baseline Characteristics of Patients Newly Diagnosed with HIV (n = 24,925).

Predictors of Remaining in Pre-ART Care or Initiating ART among Patients with CD4 Count ≤350 cells/mm3.

This entry covers pressure-level data aggregated on a monthly time resolution. Seasonal forecasts provide a long-range outlook of changes in the Earth system over periods of a few weeks or months, as a result of predictable changes in some of the slow-varying components of the system. For example, ocean temperatures typically vary slowly, on timescales of weeks or months; as the ocean has an impact on the overlaying atmosphere, the variability of its properties (e.g. temperature) can modify both local and remote atmospheric conditions. Such modifications of the 'usual' atmospheric conditions are the essence of all long-range (e.g. seasonal) forecasts. This is different from a weather forecast, which gives a lot more precise detail - both in time and space - of the evolution of the state of the atmosphere over a few days into the future. Beyond a few days, the chaotic nature of the atmosphere limits the possibility to predict precise changes at local scales. This is one of the reasons long-range forecasts of atmospheric conditions have large uncertainties. To quantify such uncertainties, long-range forecasts use ensembles, and meaningful forecast products reflect a distributions of outcomes. Given the complex, non-linear interactions between the individual components of the Earth system, the best tools for long-range forecasting are climate models which include as many of the key components of the system and possible; typically, such models include representations of the atmosphere, ocean and land surface. These models are initialised with data describing the state of the system at the starting point of the forecast, and used to predict the evolution of this state in time. While uncertainties coming from imperfect knowledge of the initial conditions of the components of the Earth system can be described with the use of ensembles, uncertainty arising from approximations made in the models are very much dependent on the choice of model. A convenient way to quantify the effect of these approximations is to combine outputs from several models, independently developed, initialised and operated. To this effect, the C3S provides a multi-system seasonal forecast service, where data produced by state-of-the-art seasonal forecast systems developed, implemented and operated at forecast centres in several European countries is collected, processed and combined to enable user-relevant applications. The composition of the C3S seasonal multi-system and the full content of the database underpinning the service are described in the documentation. The data is grouped in several catalogue entries (CDS datasets), currently defined by the type of variable (single-level or multi-level, on pressure surfaces) and the level of post-processing applied (data at original time resolution, processing on temporal aggregation and post-processing related to bias adjustment). The data includes forecasts created in real-time each month starting from the publication of this entry and retrospective forecasts (hindcasts) initialised over periods in the past specified in the documentation for each origin and system.

Congo, The Democratic Republic of the CD: Lifetime Risk Of Maternal Death data was reported at 4.091 % in 2015. This records a decrease from the previous number of 4.283 % for 2014. Congo, The Democratic Republic of the CD: Lifetime Risk Of Maternal Death data is updated yearly, averaging 5.450 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2015, with 26 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6.129 % in 1998 and a record low of 4.091 % in 2015. Congo, The Democratic Republic of the CD: Lifetime Risk Of Maternal Death data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Democratic Republic of Congo – Table CD.World Bank: Health Statistics. Life time risk of maternal death is the probability that a 15-year-old female will die eventually from a maternal cause assuming that current levels of fertility and mortality (including maternal mortality) do not change in the future, taking into account competing causes of death.; ; WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group, and the United Nations Population Division. Trends in Maternal Mortality: 1990 to 2015. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2015; Weighted average;

Deposit Interest Rate in Australia decreased to 2.80 percent in May from 2.90 percent in April of 2025. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Deposit Interest Rate in Australia.

刚果民主共和国 CD: Alcohol Consumption Rate: Projected Estimates: Aged 15+: Female在2016达0.800 NA，相较于2010的0.800 NA保持不变。刚果民主共和国 CD: Alcohol Consumption Rate: Projected Estimates: Aged 15+: Female数据按每年更新，2010至2016期间平均值为0.800 NA，共2份观测结果。该数据的历史最高值出现于2016，达0.800 NA，而历史最低值则出现于2016，为0.800 NA。CEIC提供的刚果民主共和国 CD: Alcohol Consumption Rate: Projected Estimates: Aged 15+: Female数据处于定期更新的状态，数据来源于World Bank，数据归类于Global Database的刚果民主共和国 – Table CD.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics。

The Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) Photoresistor market is experiencing steady growth, driven by increasing demand across diverse applications. While precise market size figures for the base year (2025) are unavailable, a reasonable estimate, considering similar sensor markets and their growth rates, would place the global market size at approximately $250 million in 2025. Considering a projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 5%, this market is expected to reach approximately $350 million by 2033. Key drivers include the rising adoption of CdS photoresistors in various sectors, including environmental monitoring (light intensity meters), security systems (burglar alarms), and lighting control systems (street lights and alarm clocks). The versatility and cost-effectiveness of CdS photoresistors compared to more sophisticated light sensors contribute to their continued prevalence. However, the market faces certain restraints, including the emergence of alternative technologies like photodiodes and phototransistors, which offer potentially higher performance in specific applications. Further, concerns surrounding the toxicity of cadmium might influence future regulations, potentially impacting market growth in the long term. The segmentation of the CdS photoresistor market reveals distinct growth trajectories across different package types and applications. LED Package and Metal Case Glass Package types are expected to dominate the market share due to their widespread adoption in various consumer and industrial applications. The application segment is highly diversified, with the Alarm Clock, Street Light, and Burglar Alarm Circuit segments currently exhibiting the highest growth rates. The Asia Pacific region, particularly China and India, is anticipated to dominate the geographical landscape owing to the substantial growth in electronics manufacturing and infrastructure development. North America and Europe are also significant markets, contributing a substantial portion to the global revenue. Continued advancements in material science and the development of higher-performance, more environmentally friendly alternatives will shape the future competitive landscape. Key players such as OSI Optoelectronics, Mecha For Makers Limited, and Shenzhen Wodeyijia Technology Co., Ltd., are actively involved in shaping this dynamic market through innovation and market expansion.

The global circular dichroism (CD) spectrometers market is experiencing steady growth, projected to reach a market size of $34 million in 2025, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 4.1% from 2025 to 2033. This growth is fueled by several key factors. The increasing demand for advanced analytical techniques in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries for protein analysis and drug discovery is a major driver. Furthermore, the rising number of research and development activities in government and private research organizations and contract research organizations (CROs) contribute significantly to the market expansion. Technological advancements leading to improved sensitivity, resolution, and automation of CD spectrometers are also boosting adoption rates. The market is segmented by light source type (linearly polarized, circularly polarized, multiple light sources) and application (pharmaceutical, government/private research, CROs). The pharmaceutical industry currently holds the largest market share due to the crucial role CD spectroscopy plays in characterizing protein structure and stability. The market's growth trajectory is expected to remain positive throughout the forecast period (2025-2033), driven by continued investments in scientific research, stringent regulatory requirements for drug development, and the expansion of the biotechnology sector globally. However, the high cost of sophisticated CD spectrometers and the availability of alternative analytical techniques might pose some challenges to market growth. Nevertheless, ongoing innovation and the development of more user-friendly and cost-effective instruments are expected to mitigate these restraints, ensuring sustained expansion of the CD spectrometers market in the coming years. Regional analysis reveals significant market presence in North America and Europe, driven by established research infrastructure and high pharmaceutical industry concentration. Asia-Pacific is also poised for considerable growth due to increasing investments in R&D and the expanding pharmaceutical market in the region.

The professional CD player market, while facing challenges from digital audio formats, maintains a steady presence driven by niche applications requiring high-fidelity audio playback and reliability. Estimates suggest a 2025 market size of approximately $150 million, with a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 3% projected from 2025 to 2033. This moderate growth reflects the continued demand from broadcast studios, live performance venues, and archiving facilities where the consistent, predictable performance of CD players remains crucial, despite the rise of digital alternatives. Key drivers include the need for high-quality, lossless audio reproduction in professional settings, the robust nature of CDs for long-term archival purposes, and a preference for established technology in situations demanding high reliability. However, the market faces constraints such as the declining production of new CD players, increasing costs associated with maintaining legacy equipment, and the continued appeal of increasingly affordable and higher-quality digital audio workstations (DAWs) and streaming solutions. Leading companies like TASCAM, Denon, Marantz, Numark, Yamaha, and Pioneer continue to hold market share by focusing on high-end models with advanced features and superior build quality, targeting specific professional user needs. Segment analysis indicates a strong demand for durable, reliable models within the broadcast and archiving sectors. The transition to digital formats is expected to continue influencing market dynamics, but this will likely be gradual. The higher price point and focus on features for professional applications maintain the market’s stability, preventing a sharper decline despite the overall trend towards digital workflows. Regional variations in market share are anticipated, with North America and Europe likely maintaining significant portions, driven by higher adoption rates of professional audio equipment in these regions. The forecast anticipates a continued, albeit slow, growth trajectory for the professional CD player market, fueled by the enduring requirements of specific professional audio applications.

The Clinical Decision Support (CDS) market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing adoption of electronic health records (EHRs), the rising prevalence of chronic diseases, and the growing need for improved healthcare efficiency and patient outcomes. The market, estimated at $15 billion in 2025, is projected to exhibit a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 12% from 2025 to 2033, reaching an estimated $45 billion by 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key factors. The shift towards value-based care is compelling healthcare providers to leverage CDS solutions for improved care coordination and reduced medical errors. Furthermore, advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are enabling the development of more sophisticated and accurate CDS tools, capable of analyzing vast datasets to provide personalized recommendations and predict potential risks. The therapeutic CDS segment is expected to dominate the market due to its crucial role in optimizing treatment plans and improving patient adherence. Key players like Cerner, McKesson, and Epic Systems are actively investing in research and development, expanding their product portfolios, and pursuing strategic partnerships to maintain their competitive edge in this rapidly evolving landscape. The market segmentation reveals significant opportunities across diverse applications and geographical regions. Advanced CDS solutions, leveraging AI and big data analytics, are witnessing higher growth rates compared to conventional systems. Geographically, North America currently holds the largest market share, attributed to higher healthcare expenditure, advanced technological infrastructure, and the early adoption of CDS systems. However, the Asia-Pacific region is expected to witness substantial growth in the coming years, driven by increasing healthcare investment and rising technological adoption rates in countries like India and China. Despite the positive outlook, regulatory hurdles, data privacy concerns, and the high cost of implementation remain challenges that could potentially restrain market growth. However, the continuous advancements in technology and the growing awareness of the benefits of CDS are expected to mitigate these challenges, propelling the market towards sustained growth.

This entry covers single-level data aggregated on a monthly time resolution. Seasonal forecasts provide a long-range outlook of changes in the Earth system over periods of a few weeks or months, as a result of predictable changes in some of the slow-varying components of the system. For example, ocean temperatures typically vary slowly, on timescales of weeks or months; as the ocean has an impact on the overlaying atmosphere, the variability of its properties (e.g. temperature) can modify both local and remote atmospheric conditions. Such modifications of the 'usual' atmospheric conditions are the essence of all long-range (e.g. seasonal) forecasts. This is different from a weather forecast, which gives a lot more precise detail - both in time and space - of the evolution of the state of the atmosphere over a few days into the future. Beyond a few days, the chaotic nature of the atmosphere limits the possibility to predict precise changes at local scales. This is one of the reasons long-range forecasts of atmospheric conditions have large uncertainties. To quantify such uncertainties, long-range forecasts use ensembles, and meaningful forecast products reflect a distributions of outcomes. Given the complex, non-linear interactions between the individual components of the Earth system, the best tools for long-range forecasting are climate models which include as many of the key components of the system and possible; typically, such models include representations of the atmosphere, ocean and land surface. These models are initialised with data describing the state of the system at the starting point of the forecast, and used to predict the evolution of this state in time. While uncertainties coming from imperfect knowledge of the initial conditions of the components of the Earth system can be described with the use of ensembles, uncertainty arising from approximations made in the models are very much dependent on the choice of model. A convenient way to quantify the effect of these approximations is to combine outputs from several models, independently developed, initialised and operated. To this effect, the C3S provides a multi-system seasonal forecast service, where data produced by state-of-the-art seasonal forecast systems developed, implemented and operated at forecast centres in several European countries is collected, processed and combined to enable user-relevant applications. The composition of the C3S seasonal multi-system and the full content of the database underpinning the service are described in the documentation. The data is grouped in several catalogue entries (CDS datasets), currently defined by the type of variable (single-level or multi-level, on pressure surfaces) and the level of post-processing applied (data at original time resolution, processing on temporal aggregation and post-processing related to bias adjustment). The data includes forecasts created in real-time each month starting from the publication of this entry and retrospective forecasts (hindcasts) initialised over periods in the past specified in the documentation for each origin and system.