100+ datasets found
  1. Forecast real GDP growth rate in the U.S. 2020-2030

    • statista.com
    Updated Nov 28, 2025
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    Statista (2025). Forecast real GDP growth rate in the U.S. 2020-2030 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/263614/gross-domestic-product-gdp-growth-rate-in-the-united-states/
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    Dataset updated
    Nov 28, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    Real gross domestic product (GDP) in the United States is expected to grow by just over two percent in 2025. Beyond that, growth is projected to ease, slipping from roughly 2.8 percent in 2024 to around 1.8 percent by 2030. The softer outlook points to an economy that is still expanding, but at a more subdued pace. Is U.S. debt sustainable? The U.S. economy continues to grapple with growing levels of public debt. The national debt is anticipated to reach approximately 122.5 percent of GDP in 2025, reflecting ongoing fiscal pressures. The U.S. is not alone in it high debt-to-GDP ratio. Other developed economies, including Japan, Singapore, and Italy, currently maintain even higher public debt burdens. Such levels could constrain future economic growth and narrow the range of policy options available to governments. Consumer sentiment in flux The University of Michigan’s Consumer Sentiment Index, a key gauge of confidence in the economy. In November 2025, it stood at 51, its lowest level since June 2022. Based on monthly surveys of households, it tracks consumers views on personal finances, buying conditions, and the broader economic climate.

  2. Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in the United States 2030

    • statista.com
    + more versions
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    Statista, Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in the United States 2030 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/263601/gross-domestic-product-gdp-per-capita-in-the-united-states/
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    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    The statistic shows the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in the United States from 1987 to 2024, with projections up until 2030. In 2024, the gross domestic product per capita in the United States amounted to around 85,812.18 U.S. dollars. Thus, the United States is one of the countries with the largest GDP per capita worldwide. See the U.S. GDP growth rate here and the US GDP for further information. For comparison, per capita GDP in China had reached about 5,553 U.S. dollars in 2011. Gross domestic product of the United States The gross domestic product (GDP) of a country is an economic key figure, as it represents the market value of goods and services produced in a country within one year. The United States’ GDP) is increasing consistently, and it is expected to continue growing. On a global scale, the U.S. share of GDP adjusted for Purchasing Power Parity has been in the range of 20 percent over the last few years, give or take a few percentage points. The United States has the largest GDP worldwide, with a significant lead over China, Japan and Germany. Gross domestic product per capita is annual GDP divided by the average population from the same year, which allows for a GDP calculation per inhabitant of a country. Thus, a country with a high GDP, like the United States, can still have a low GDP per capita. Consequently, if compared to other countries, the United States does not rank among the top ten on this list .

  3. T

    United States GDP Growth Rate

    • tradingeconomics.com
    • zh.tradingeconomics.com
    • +13more
    csv, excel, json, xml
    Updated Sep 25, 2025
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    TRADING ECONOMICS (2025). United States GDP Growth Rate [Dataset]. https://tradingeconomics.com/united-states/gdp-growth
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    json, excel, csv, xmlAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Sep 25, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    TRADING ECONOMICS
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Jun 30, 1947 - Jun 30, 2025
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the United States expanded 3.80 percent in the second quarter of 2025 over the previous quarter. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States GDP Growth Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

  4. GDP forecast in the U.S. 2024-2035

    • statista.com
    Updated Nov 27, 2025
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    Statista (2025). GDP forecast in the U.S. 2024-2035 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/216985/forecast-of-us-gross-domestic-product/
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    Dataset updated
    Nov 27, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Time period covered
    2024
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    The United States gross domestic product (GDP) was forecast to reach over 30.1 trillion U.S. dollars in 2025. Furthermore, by 2035, it is expected to surpass 43.9 trillion U.S. dollars. GDP refers to the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period.

  5. United States Economic Indicators Forecast Dataset

    • focus-economics.com
    html
    Updated Oct 29, 2025
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    FocusEconomics (2025). United States Economic Indicators Forecast Dataset [Dataset]. https://www.focus-economics.com/countries/united-states/
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    htmlAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Oct 29, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    FocusEconomics
    License

    https://www.focus-economics.com/terms-and-conditions/https://www.focus-economics.com/terms-and-conditions/

    Time period covered
    2020 - 2024
    Area covered
    United States
    Variables measured
    forecast, united_states_gdp_usd_bn, united_states_gdp_per_capita_usd, united_states_population_million, united_states_wages_ann_var_percentage, united_states_merchandise_exports_usd_bn, united_states_merchandise_imports_usd_bn, united_states_exchange_rate_usd_per_eur_aop, united_states_exchange_rate_usd_per_eur_eop, united_states_exports_gs_ann_var_percentage, and 30 more
    Description

    Monthly and long-term United States economic indicators data: historical series and analyst forecasts curated by FocusEconomics.

  6. T

    United States Economic Optimism Index

    • tradingeconomics.com
    • ru.tradingeconomics.com
    • +13more
    csv, excel, json, xml
    Updated Nov 4, 2025
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    TRADING ECONOMICS (2025). United States Economic Optimism Index [Dataset]. https://tradingeconomics.com/united-states/economic-optimism-index
    Explore at:
    csv, json, xml, excelAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Nov 4, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    TRADING ECONOMICS
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Feb 28, 2001 - Dec 31, 2025
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    Economic Optimism Index in the United States increased to 47.90 points in December from 43.90 points in November of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States IBD/TIPP Economic Optimism Index - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

  7. GDP growth forecast: European Union, U.S., U.K. and Germany 2010-2025

    • statista.com
    Updated Nov 28, 2025
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    Statista (2025). GDP growth forecast: European Union, U.S., U.K. and Germany 2010-2025 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/369222/gdp-growth-forecast-western-europe-vs-major-economies/
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    Dataset updated
    Nov 28, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    Europe, United States
    Description

    Across the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and the European Union, gross domestic products (GDP) decreased in 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, by 2021, growth rates were positive in all four areas again. The United Kingdom, Germany, and the European Union all experiencing slow economic growth in 2023 amid high inflation, with Germany even seeing an economic recession. GDP and its components GDP refers to the total market value of all goods and services that are produced within a country per year. It is composed of government spending, consumption, business investments and net exports. It is an important indicator to measure the economic strength of a country. Economists rely on a variety of factors when predicting the future performance of the GDP. Inflation rate is one of the economic indicators providing insight into the future behavior of households, which make up a significant proportion of GDP. Projections are based on the past performance of such information. Future considerations Some factors can be more easily predicted than others. For example, projections of the annual inflation rate of the United States are easy to come by. However, the intensity and impact of something like Brexit is difficult to predict. Moreover, the occurrence and impact of events such as the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia's war in Ukraine is difficult to foresee. Hence, actual GDP growth may be higher or lower than the original estimates.

  8. Global GDP Trends 1980-2028

    • kaggle.com
    zip
    Updated Jan 6, 2024
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    Monisha Das (2024). Global GDP Trends 1980-2028 [Dataset]. https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/monishadas26/imfs-gdp-dataset
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    zip(46878 bytes)Available download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jan 6, 2024
    Authors
    Monisha Das
    Description

    ** IMF's GDP Data 📈: 1980-2028 Global Trends Explore the economic trajectories of countries worldwide with the "IMF's GDP Data: 1980-2028 Global Trends" dataset. Providing a comprehensive overview of GDP per capita, this dataset measures the average economic output per person in current U.S. dollars. With actual data from 1980 to 2023 and predictions extending to 2028, it's an invaluable asset for understanding past progress and anticipating future growth.

  9. U

    United States Consumer Confidence Score: Future Local Economy: Negative...

    • ceicdata.com
    Updated Nov 27, 2021
    + more versions
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    CEICdata.com (2021). United States Consumer Confidence Score: Future Local Economy: Negative Response [Dataset]. https://www.ceicdata.com/en/united-states/consumer-confidence-survey/consumer-confidence-score-future-local-economy-negative-response
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    Dataset updated
    Nov 27, 2021
    Dataset provided by
    CEICdata.com
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Feb 1, 2022 - Jan 1, 2023
    Area covered
    United States
    Variables measured
    Consumer Survey
    Description

    United States Consumer Confidence Score: Future Local Economy: Negative Response data was reported at 27.986 Score in Jan 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 28.656 Score for Dec 2022. United States Consumer Confidence Score: Future Local Economy: Negative Response data is updated monthly, averaging 16.000 Score from Jan 2002 to Jan 2023, with 253 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 44.000 Score in Feb 2010 and a record low of 8.000 Score in Jan 2004. United States Consumer Confidence Score: Future Local Economy: Negative Response data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ipsos Group S.A.. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.IPSOS: Consumer Confidence Survey. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

  10. Yield Curve and Predicted GDP Growth

    • clevelandfed.org
    csv
    Updated Oct 5, 2025
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    Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland (2025). Yield Curve and Predicted GDP Growth [Dataset]. https://www.clevelandfed.org/indicators-and-data/yield-curve-and-predicted-gdp-growth
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    csvAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Oct 5, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Federal Reserve Bank of Clevelandhttps://www.clevelandfed.org/
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Description

    We use the yield curve to predict future GDP growth and recession probabilities. The spread between short- and long-term rates typically correlates with economic growth. Predications are calculated using a model developed by the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland. Released monthly.

  11. T

    United States GDP Annual Growth Rate

    • tradingeconomics.com
    • pt.tradingeconomics.com
    • +13more
    csv, excel, json, xml
    Updated Jun 15, 2025
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    TRADING ECONOMICS (2025). United States GDP Annual Growth Rate [Dataset]. https://tradingeconomics.com/united-states/gdp-growth-annual
    Explore at:
    excel, csv, xml, jsonAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jun 15, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    TRADING ECONOMICS
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Mar 31, 1948 - Jun 30, 2025
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the United States expanded 2.10 percent in the second quarter of 2025 over the same quarter of the previous year. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States GDP Annual Growth Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

  12. F

    Consumer Opinion Surveys: Consumer Prices: Future Tendency for United States...

    • fred.stlouisfed.org
    json
    Updated Nov 17, 2025
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    (2025). Consumer Opinion Surveys: Consumer Prices: Future Tendency for United States [Dataset]. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CSINFT02USQ460S
    Explore at:
    jsonAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Nov 17, 2025
    License

    https://fred.stlouisfed.org/legal/#copyright-citation-requiredhttps://fred.stlouisfed.org/legal/#copyright-citation-required

    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    Graph and download economic data for Consumer Opinion Surveys: Consumer Prices: Future Tendency for United States (CSINFT02USQ460S) from Q1 1978 to Q3 2025 about consumer sentiment, consumer prices, consumer, inflation, and USA.

  13. T

    United States GDP

    • tradingeconomics.com
    • fa.tradingeconomics.com
    • +13more
    csv, excel, json, xml
    Updated Jun 15, 2025
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    TRADING ECONOMICS (2025). United States GDP [Dataset]. https://tradingeconomics.com/united-states/gdp
    Explore at:
    xml, excel, json, csvAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jun 15, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    TRADING ECONOMICS
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Dec 31, 1960 - Dec 31, 2024
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the United States was worth 29184.89 billion US dollars in 2024, according to official data from the World Bank. The GDP value of the United States represents 27.49 percent of the world economy. This dataset provides - United States GDP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

  14. F

    Gross Domestic Product

    • fred.stlouisfed.org
    • trends.sourcemedium.com
    json
    Updated Sep 25, 2025
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    (2025). Gross Domestic Product [Dataset]. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GDP
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    jsonAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Sep 25, 2025
    License

    https://fred.stlouisfed.org/legal/#copyright-public-domainhttps://fred.stlouisfed.org/legal/#copyright-public-domain

    Description

    View economic output, reported as the nominal value of all new goods and services produced by labor and property located in the U.S.

  15. F

    Business Tendency Surveys: Employment: Economic Activity: Manufacturing:...

    • fred.stlouisfed.org
    json
    Updated Dec 16, 2024
    + more versions
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    (2024). Business Tendency Surveys: Employment: Economic Activity: Manufacturing: Future Tendency for United States [Dataset]. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/USABSEMFT02STSAM
    Explore at:
    jsonAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Dec 16, 2024
    License

    https://fred.stlouisfed.org/legal/#copyright-citation-requiredhttps://fred.stlouisfed.org/legal/#copyright-citation-required

    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    Graph and download economic data for Business Tendency Surveys: Employment: Economic Activity: Manufacturing: Future Tendency for United States (USABSEMFT02STSAM) from Jan 1956 to Nov 2024 about business, manufacturing, employment, indexes, and USA.

  16. U.S. Economic Indicators (1974-2024)

    • kaggle.com
    zip
    Updated Aug 5, 2024
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    Alfredo (2024). U.S. Economic Indicators (1974-2024) [Dataset]. https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/alfredkondoro/u-s-economic-indicators-1974-2024/versions/1
    Explore at:
    zip(6684 bytes)Available download formats
    Dataset updated
    Aug 5, 2024
    Authors
    Alfredo
    License

    MIT Licensehttps://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
    License information was derived automatically

    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    Dataset Overview:

    This dataset offers a comprehensive time series analysis of three vital economic indicators in the United States: Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Unemployment Rate, and Consumer Price Index (CPI). Spanning from January 1974 to January 2024, this dataset provides valuable insights into the U.S. economy over the past five decades, capturing periods of growth, recession, and inflation.

    Contents:

    • GDP Data (gdp_data.csv): Quarterly data on the Gross Domestic Product, measured in billions of dollars, highlighting economic performance and trends over the years.
    • Unemployment Data (unemployment_data.csv): Monthly data on the unemployment rate, showing fluctuations in labor market conditions and workforce participation over time.
    • CPI Data (cpi_data.csv): Monthly data on the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), capturing changes in the price level of consumer goods and services and reflecting inflationary trends.

    Usage and Applications:

    • Economic History Analysis: Examine long-term trends and cycles in U.S. economic performance, including periods of recession and expansion.
    • Predictive Modeling: Develop models to forecast future economic conditions based on historical data patterns.
    • Policy Impact Studies: Analyze the effects of fiscal and monetary policies on GDP, unemployment, and inflation over time.

    Data Sources:

    The dataset is sourced from the Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED) database, maintained by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. FRED is a comprehensive resource for economic data, widely used by researchers, analysts, and policymakers.

    How to Use the Dataset:

    • Exploration: Utilize tools like Pandas and Matplotlib in Python to explore and visualize the dataset.
    • Time Series Analysis: Apply techniques such as ARIMA, exponential smoothing, and seasonal decomposition to analyze trends and seasonality.
    • Comparative Studies: Compare economic performance across different decades and investigate interactions between GDP, unemployment, and CPI.

    Note: This dataset is intended for educational and research purposes. Users are encouraged to cite the original data source (FRED) when using this dataset in publications or presentations.

  17. T

    Consumer opinion surveys: Economic Situation: Future tendency: National...

    • tradingeconomics.com
    csv, excel, json, xml
    Updated May 17, 2025
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    TRADING ECONOMICS (2025). Consumer opinion surveys: Economic Situation: Future tendency: National indicator for the United States [Dataset]. https://tradingeconomics.com/united-states/consumer-opinion-surveys-economic-situation-future-tendency-national-indicator-for-the-united-states-fed-data.html
    Explore at:
    xml, json, excel, csvAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    May 17, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    TRADING ECONOMICS
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Jan 1, 1976 - Dec 31, 2025
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    Consumer opinion surveys: Economic Situation: Future tendency: National indicator for the United States was -45.00% in October of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Consumer opinion surveys: Economic Situation: Future tendency: National indicator for the United States reached a record high of 49.00 in May of 1983 and a record low of -47.00 in September of 2025. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Consumer opinion surveys: Economic Situation: Future tendency: National indicator for the United States - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on November of 2025.

  18. U

    United States Consumer Confidence Score: Future Local Economy

    • ceicdata.com
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    CEICdata.com, United States Consumer Confidence Score: Future Local Economy [Dataset]. https://www.ceicdata.com/en/united-states/consumer-confidence-survey/consumer-confidence-score-future-local-economy
    Explore at:
    Dataset provided by
    CEICdata.com
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Feb 1, 2022 - Jan 1, 2023
    Area covered
    United States
    Variables measured
    Consumer Survey
    Description

    United States Consumer Confidence Score: Future Local Economy data was reported at -3.000 Score in Jan 2023. This stayed constant from the previous number of -3.000 Score for Dec 2022. United States Consumer Confidence Score: Future Local Economy data is updated monthly, averaging 12.100 Score from Jan 2002 (Median) to Jan 2023, with 253 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 29.900 Score in Mar 2002 and a record low of -14.600 Score in Jul 2008. United States Consumer Confidence Score: Future Local Economy data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ipsos Group S.A.. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.IPSOS: Consumer Confidence Survey.

  19. T

    United States Inflation Rate

    • tradingeconomics.com
    • fa.tradingeconomics.com
    • +13more
    csv, excel, json, xml
    Updated Oct 24, 2025
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    TRADING ECONOMICS (2025). United States Inflation Rate [Dataset]. https://tradingeconomics.com/united-states/inflation-cpi
    Explore at:
    json, excel, xml, csvAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Oct 24, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    TRADING ECONOMICS
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Dec 31, 1914 - Sep 30, 2025
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    Inflation Rate in the United States increased to 3 percent in September from 2.90 percent in August of 2025. This dataset provides - United States Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

  20. Annual GDP and real GDP for the United States 1929-2022

    • statista.com
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    Statista, Annual GDP and real GDP for the United States 1929-2022 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1031678/gdp-and-real-gdp-united-states-1930-2019/
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    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    On October 29, 1929, the U.S. experienced the most devastating stock market crash in it's history. The Wall Street Crash of 1929 set in motion the Great Depression, which lasted for twelve years and affected virtually all industrialized countries. In the United States, GDP fell to it's lowest recorded level of just 57 billion U.S dollars in 1933, before rising again shortly before the Second World War. After the war, GDP fluctuated, but it increased gradually until the Great Recession in 2008. Real GDP Real GDP allows us to compare GDP over time, by adjusting all figures for inflation. In this case, all numbers have been adjusted to the value of the US dollar in FY2012. While GDP rose every year between 1946 and 2008, when this is adjusted for inflation it can see that the real GDP dropped at least once in every decade except the 1960s and 2010s. The Great Recession Apart from the Great Depression, and immediately after WWII, there have been two times where both GDP and real GDP dropped together. The first was during the Great Recession, which lasted from December 2007 until June 2009 in the US, although its impact was felt for years after this. After the collapse of the financial sector in the US, the government famously bailed out some of the country's largest banking and lending institutions. Since recovery began in late 2009, US GDP has grown year-on-year, and reached 21.4 trillion dollars in 2019. The coronavirus pandemic and the associated lockdowns then saw GDP fall again, for the first time in a decade. As economic recovery from the pandemic has been compounded by supply chain issues, inflation, and rising global geopolitical instability, it remains to be seen what the future holds for the U.S. economy.

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Statista (2025). Forecast real GDP growth rate in the U.S. 2020-2030 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/263614/gross-domestic-product-gdp-growth-rate-in-the-united-states/
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Forecast real GDP growth rate in the U.S. 2020-2030

Explore at:
12 scholarly articles cite this dataset (View in Google Scholar)
Dataset updated
Nov 28, 2025
Dataset authored and provided by
Statistahttp://statista.com/
Area covered
United States
Description

Real gross domestic product (GDP) in the United States is expected to grow by just over two percent in 2025. Beyond that, growth is projected to ease, slipping from roughly 2.8 percent in 2024 to around 1.8 percent by 2030. The softer outlook points to an economy that is still expanding, but at a more subdued pace. Is U.S. debt sustainable? The U.S. economy continues to grapple with growing levels of public debt. The national debt is anticipated to reach approximately 122.5 percent of GDP in 2025, reflecting ongoing fiscal pressures. The U.S. is not alone in it high debt-to-GDP ratio. Other developed economies, including Japan, Singapore, and Italy, currently maintain even higher public debt burdens. Such levels could constrain future economic growth and narrow the range of policy options available to governments. Consumer sentiment in flux The University of Michigan’s Consumer Sentiment Index, a key gauge of confidence in the economy. In November 2025, it stood at 51, its lowest level since June 2022. Based on monthly surveys of households, it tracks consumers views on personal finances, buying conditions, and the broader economic climate.

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