This statistic shows the future reaction of tourism companies in Germany regarding shortage in skilled labour in 2014. 40 percent of tourism companies stated they would react by introducing more apprenticeships.

Here we provide the climate change data from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) used in an assessment of future water security of two Brazilian basins: Guariroba River basin and Jaguari River basin responsible for supplying water to Campo Grande city and the São Paulo Metropolitan Region, respectively. The basins' hydrological response was simulated using the SWAT+ model considering three climate change scenarios from a CMIP6 multimodel ensemble: SSP2-4.5 (medium forcing), SSP3-7.0 (high forcing), and SSP5-8.5 (high forcing). The ensemble was constructed using seven General Circulation/Earth System models (variant ID r1i1p1f1 and further processed for bias correction using quantile delta mapping.

The manuscript of "Water security in an uncertain future: contrasting realities from an availability-demand perspective" has been published in Water Resources Management, please find it here.

By the year 2032, a shortage of 46,000 to 121,900 physicians is expected in the United States, including a shortage of approximately 25,000 to 65,000 surgical specialists. This statistic shows the predicted shortage of physicians and specialists in the U.S. by 2032.

While power shortages during and after a natural disaster cause severe impacts on response and recovery activities, related modeling and data collection efforts have been limited. In particular, no methodology exists to analyze long-term power shortages such as those that occurred during the Great East Japan Earthquake. To visualize a risk of supply shortage during a disaster and assist the coherent recovery of supply and demand systems, this study proposes an integrated damage and recovery estimation framework including the power generator, trunk distribution systems (over 154 kV), and power demand system. This framework is unique because it thoroughly investigates the vulnerability and resilience characteristics of power systems as well as businesses as primary power consumers observed in past disasters in Japan. These characteristics are essentially modeled by statistical functions, and a simple power supply–demand matching algorism is implemented using these functions. As a result, the proposed framework reproduces the original power supply and demand status from the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake in a relatively consistent manner. Using stochastic components of the statistical functions, the average supply margin is estimated to be 4.1%, but the worst-case scenario is a 5.6% shortfall relative to peak demand. Thus, by applying the framework, the study improves knowledge on potential risk by examining a particular past disaster; the findings are expected to enhance risk perception and supply and demand preparedness after a future large-scale earthquake and tsunami disaster.

According to a survey conducted in January 2025, it seemed that the majority of French respondents were not confident about the future of the economic situation in France. On the other hand, only 19 percent of those surveyed were confident.

Hershey Co. aims to bypass cocoa shortages by seeking a CFTC exemption to secure over 90,000 metric tons, amid rising prices and limited exchange stockpiles.

This dataset represents a water shortage vulnerability analysis performed by DWR using modified PLSS sections pulled from the Well Completion Report PLSS Section Summaries. The attribute table includes water shortage vulnerability indicators and scores from an analysis done by CA Department of Water Resources, joined to modified PLSS sections. Several relevant summary statistics from the Well Completion Reports are included in this table as well. This data is from the 2022 analysis. From the draft Drought and Water Shortage Vulnerability Scoring document: “Water Code Division 6 Part 2.55 Section 8 Chapter 10 (Assembly Bill 1668) effectively requires California Department of Water Resources (DWR), in consultation with other agencies and an advisory group, to identify small water suppliers and “rural communities” that are at risk of drought and water shortage. Following legislation passed in 2021 and signed by Governor Gavin Newsom, the Water Code Division 6, Section 10609.50 through 10609.80 (Senate Bill 552 of 2021) effectively requires the California Department of Water Resources to update the scoring and tool periodically in partnership with the State Water Board and other state agencies. This document describes the indicators, datasets, and methods used to construct this deliverable. This is a statewide effort to systematically and holistically consider water shortage vulnerability statewide of rural communities, focusing on domestic wells and state small water systems serving between 4 and 14 connections. The indicators and scoring methodology will be revised as better data become available and stake-holders evaluate the performance of the indicators, datasets used, and aggregation and ranking method used to aggregate and rank vulnerability scores. Additionally, the scoring system should be adaptive, meaning that our understanding of what contributes to risk and vulnerability of drought and water shortage may evolve. This understanding may especially be informed by experiences gained while navigating responses to future droughts.” A spatial analysis was performed on the 2020 Census Block Groups, modified PLSS sections, and small water system service areas using a variety of input datasets related to drought vulnerability and water shortage risk and vulnerability. These indicator values were subsequently rescaled and summed for a final vulnerability score for the sections and small water system service areas. The 2020 Census Block Groups were joined with ACS data to represent the social vulnerability of communities, which is relevant to drought risk tolerance and resources. These three feature datasets contain the units of analysis (modified PLSS sections, block groups, small water systems service areas) with the model indicators for vulnerability in the attribute table. Model indicators are calculated for each unit of analysis according to the Vulnerability Scoring documents provided by Julia Ekstrom (Division of Regional Assistance). All three feature classes are DWR analysis zones that are based off existing GIS datasets. The spatial data for the sections feature class is extracted from the Well Completion Reports PLSS sections to be aligned with the work and analysis that SGMA is doing. These are not true PLSS sections, but a version of the projected section lines in areas where there are gaps in PLSS. The spatial data for the Census block group feature class is downloaded from the Census. ACS (American Communities Survey) data is joined by block group, and statistics calculated by DWR have been added to the attribute table. The spatial data for the small water systems feature class was extracted from the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) SABL dataset, using a definition query to filter for active water systems with 3000 connections or less. None of these datasets are intended to be the authoritative datasets for representing PLSS sections, Census block groups, or water service areas. The spatial data of these feature classes is used as units of analysis for the spatial analysis performed by DWR. These datasets are intended to be authoritative datasets of the scoring tools required from DWR according to Senate Bill 552. Please refer to the Drought and Water Shortage Vulnerability Scoring: California's Domestic Wells and State Smalls Systems documentation for more information on indicators and scoring. These estimated indicator scores may sometimes be calculated in several different ways, or may have been calculated from data that has since be updated. Counts of domestic wells may be calculated in different ways. In order to align with DWR SGMO's (State Groundwater Management Office) California Groundwater Live dashboards, domestic wells were calculated using the same query. This includes all domestic wells in the Well Completion Reports dataset that are completed after 12/31/1976, and have a 'RecordType' of 'WellCompletion/New/Production or Monitoring/NA'. Please refer to the Well Completion Reports metadata for more information. The associated data are considered DWR enterprise GIS data, which meet all appropriate requirements of the DWR Spatial Data Standards, specifically the DWR Spatial Data Standard version 3.4, dated September 14, 2022. DWR makes no warranties or guarantees — either expressed or implied— as to the completeness, accuracy, or correctness of the data. DWR neither accepts nor assumes liability arising from or for any incorrect, incomplete, or misleading subject data. Comments, problems, improvements, updates, or suggestions should be forwarded to gis@water.ca.gov.

The coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak in 2020 led to 66 percent of Romanian respondents questioning the future of the European Union. Only one third of respondents did not reflect on the pandemic's impact on the EU in 2020.

The Eurobarometer series is a unique cross-national and cross-temporal survey program conducted on behalf of the European Commission. These surveys regularly monitor public opinion in the European Union (EU) member countries and consist of standard modules and special topic modules. The standard modules address attitudes towards European unification, institutions and policies, measurements for general socio-political orientations, as well as respondent and household demographics. The special topic modules address such topics as agriculture, education, natural environment and resources, public health, public safety and crime, and science and technology. This round of Eurobarometer surveys includes the standard modules and covers the following special topics: (1) the financial and economic crisis, (2) the future of the European Union, (3) globalization, and (4) European citizenship. Questions pertain to household financial situation, opinions on performance of the EU economy, reformation of the financial system, national currency and the Euro, public debt, the EU exiting present crisis and preparing for the next decade, and attitudes towards globalization. Other questions address country identification, opinions of European citizenship, the EU achievements for citizens, representation and democracy, the European Citizens' Initiative, and participation of citizens in society. Demographic and other background information collected includes age, gender, nationality, origin of birth (personal and parental), marital status, age when stopped full-time education, occupation, left-right political self-placement, household composition, ownership of a fixed or mobile telephone, difficulties in paying bills, level in society, and Internet use. In addition, country-specific data includes type and size of locality, region of residence, and language of interview (select countries).

The future of money : from financial crisis to public resource is a book. It was written by Mary Mellor and published by Pluto in 2010.

Alberta Enterprise and Advanced Education completed a comprehensive research study of the labour supply in select occupations in the United States (U.S.), including a number of professions related to the construction sector. The objective of the study is to provide labour market intelligence that will inform Alberta employers as they seek to address current and future labour shortages. This recruiting guide identifies the top recommended locations for targeted recruitment of workers in the selected engineering occupations.

Abstract

This research was conducted in Turkey in June-July 2010 as part of the third round of The Financial Crisis Survey. Data from 364 establishments from private nonagricultural formal sector was analyzed to quantify the effect of the 2008 global financial crisis on companies in Turkey.

Researchers revisited establishments interviewed in Turkey Enterprise Survey 2008. Efforts were made to contact all respondents of the baseline survey to determine which of the companies were still operating and which were not. From the information collected during telephone interviews, indicators were computed to measure the effects of the financial crisis on key elements of the private economy: sales, employment, finances, and expectations of the future.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

The primary sampling unit of the study was the establishment. An establishment is a physical location where business is carried out and where industrial operations take place or services are provided. A firm may be composed of one or more establishments. For example, a brewery may have several bottling plants and several establishments for distribution. For the purposes of this survey an establishment must make its own financial decisions and have its own financial statements separate from those of the firm. An establishment must also have its own management and control over its payroll.

Universe

The manufacturing and services sectors were the primary business sectors of interest. This corresponded to firms classified with International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) codes 15-37, 45, 50-52, 55, 60-64, and 72 (ISIC Rev.3.1). Formal (registered) companies were targeted for interviews. Services firms included construction, retail, wholesale, hotels, restaurants, transport, storage, communications, and IT. Firms with 100% government ownership were excluded.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

1152 establishments that participated in Turkey Enterprise Survey 2008 were contacted for The Financial Crisis Survey. The implementing contractor received directions that the final achieved sample should include at least 650 establishments.

Stratified random sampling was used in Turkey Enterprise Survey 2008. Three levels of stratification were implemented: industry, establishment size, and oblast (region).

For industry stratification, the universe was divided into 5 manufacturing industries, 1 services industry -retail -, and two residual sectors. Each manufacturing industry had a target of 160 interviews. The services industry and the two residual sectors had a target of 120 interviews. For the manufacturing industries sample sizes were inflated by about 33% to account for potential non-response cases when requesting sensitive financial data and also because of likely attrition in future surveys that would affect the construction of a panel.

Size stratification was defined following the standardized definition for the rollout: small (5 to 19 employees), medium (20 to 99 employees), and large (more than 99 employees). For stratification purposes, the number of employees was defined on the basis of reported permanent full-time workers. This seems to be an appropriate definition of the labor force since seasonal/casual/part-time employment is not a common practice, except in the sectors of construction and agriculture.

Regional stratification was defined in 5 regions. These regions are Marmara, Aegean, South, Central Anatolia and Black Sea-Eastern.

The Turkey sample contains panel data. The wave 1 panel "Investment Climate Private Enterprise Survey implemented in Turkey" consisted of 1325 establishments interviewed in 2005. A total of 425 establishments have been re-interviewed.

Given the stratified design, sample frames containing a complete and updated list of establishments for the selected regions were required. Great efforts were made to obtain the best source for these listings. However, the quality of the sample frames was not optimal and, therefore, some adjustments were needed to correct for the presence of ineligible units. These adjustments are reflected in the weights computation.

The source of the sample frame was twofold. Universe estimates were taken from the TOBB database which contains a full list of establishments in manufacturing sectors. TOBB refers to the Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Turkey. Universe estimates for service sectors were taken from the Statistical Institute of Statistics (SIS) with additional information based on SIC code from the Turkish Studies Institute (TSI). Comparisons were made between estimates in TOBB and SIS to establish that the two sources are comparable and hence can be used side by side.

The quality of the frame was assessed at the onset of the project. The frame proved to be useful though it showed positive rates of non-eligibility, repetition, non-existent units, etc. These problems are typical of establishment surveys, but given the impact these inaccuracies may have on the results, adjustments were needed when computing the appropriate weights for individual observations. The percentage of confirmed non-eligible units as a proportion of the total number of contacts to complete the survey was 43% (2811 out of 6458 establishments).

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Telephone Interview [cati]

Research instrument

The following survey instrument is available: - Financial Crisis Survey Questionnaire

Cleaning operations

Data entry and quality controls are implemented by the contractor and data is delivered to the World Bank in batches (typically 10%, 50% and 100%). These data deliveries are checked for logical consistency, out of range values, skip patterns, and duplicate entries. Problems are flagged by the World Bank and corrected by the implementing contractor through data checks and callbacks.

Almost 60 percent of the respondents to a survey conducted in summer 2022 in France deemed a lack of natural gas likely in the upcoming months. Meanwhile, the remaining share of the respondents judged it unlikely. Only three percent of these respondents were sure that a shortage would not occur in the future months. Natural gas is the least relevant fuel used in the primary energy production in France and a marginal source of electricity in this country, at six percent in 2021. However, it serves as an important feedstock for industries.

PRESENT (ongoing program operations) themes.

This table shows the potential cost for the Italian economy connected with the arrival of intelligent technologies, assuming that the country won't be able to meet the future skills demand. In the scenario of a skills crisis, Italy's gross domestic product (GDP) would miss out on about 173 billion dollars of growth in the period from 2018 to 2028. In terms of percentage growth, the country would miss out on a 0.6 percent increase in GDP every year.

Background: COVID-19 has already claimed a considerable number of lives worldwide. However, there are concerns with treatment recommendations given the extent of conflicting results with suggested treatments and misinformation, some of which has resulted in increased prices and shortages alongside increasing use and prices of personal protective equipment (PPE). This is a concern in countries such as India where there have been high patient co-payments and an appreciable number of families going into poverty when members become ill. However, balanced against pricing controls. Community pharmacists play a significant role in disease management in India, and this will remain. Consequently, there is a need to review prices and availability of pertinent medicines during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in India to provide future direction.Objective: Assess current utilisation and price changes as well as shortages of pertinent medicines and equipment during the early stages of the pandemic.Our Approach: Multiple approach involving a review of treatments and ongoing activities across India to reduce the spread of the virus alongside questioning pharmacies in selected cities from early March to end May 2020.Our Activities: 111 pharmacies took part, giving a response rate of 80%. Encouragingly, no change in utilisation of antimalarial medicines in 45% of pharmacies despite endorsements and for antibiotics in 57.7% of pharmacies, helped by increasing need for a prescription for dispensing. In addition, increased purchasing of PPE (over 98%). No price increases were seen for antimalarials and antibiotics in 83.8 and 91.9% of pharmacies respectively although shortages were seen for antimalarials in 70.3% of pharmacies, lower for antibiotics (9.9% of pharmacies). However, price increases were typically seen for PPE (over 90% of stores) as well as for analgesics (over 50% of pharmacies). Shortages were also seen for PPE (88.3%).Conclusion: The pandemic has impacted on utilisation and prices of pertinent medicines and PPE in India but moderated by increased scrutiny. Key stakeholder groups can play a role with enhancing evidenced-based approaches and reducing inappropriate purchasing in the future.

This dataset was created in support of a study focusing on groundwater resources in the Great Basin carbonate and alluvial aquifer system (GBCAAS). The GBCAAS is a complex aquifer system comprised of both unconsolidated and bedrock formations covering an area of approximately 110,000 square miles. The aquifer system is situated in the eastern portion of the Great Basin Province of the western United States. The eastern Great Basin is experiencing rapid population growth and has some of the highest per capita water use in the Nation. These factors, combined with the arid setting, have levied intensive demand upon current groundwater resources and, thus, predictions of future shortages. Because of the large regional extent of the aquifer system, rapid growth in the region, and the reliance upon groundwater for urban populations, agriculture, and native habitats, the GBCAAS was selected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Water Resources program as part of the National Water Census Initiative to evaluate the Nation's groundwater availability. These data represent areas within the GBCAAS study area where groundwater discharge may occur as a result of evapotranspiration. The data were compiled from previously published groundwater discharge areas in the Great Basin.

Abstract

This research was conducted in Latvia in February-March 2010 as part of the second round of The Financial Crisis Survey. Data from 221 establishments from private nonagricultural formal sector was analyzed to quantify the effect of the 2008 global financial crisis on companies in Latvia.

Researchers revisited establishments interviewed in Latvia Enterprise Survey 2009. Efforts were made to contact all respondents of the baseline survey to determine which of the companies were still operating and which were not. From the information collected during telephone interviews, indicators were computed to measure the effects of the financial crisis on key elements of the private economy: sales, employment, finances, and expectations of the future.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

The primary sampling unit of the study was the establishment. An establishment is a physical location where business is carried out and where industrial operations take place or services are provided. A firm may be composed of one or more establishments. For example, a brewery may have several bottling plants and several establishments for distribution. For the purposes of this survey an establishment must make its own financial decisions and have its own financial statements separate from those of the firm. An establishment must also have its own management and control over its payroll.

Universe

The manufacturing and services sectors were the primary business sectors of interest. This corresponded to firms classified with International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) codes 15-37, 45, 50-52, 55, 60-64, and 72 (ISIC Rev.3.1). Formal (registered) companies were targeted for interviews. Services firms included construction, retail, wholesale, hotels, restaurants, transport, storage, communications, and IT. Firms with 100% government ownership were excluded.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

271 establishments that participated in Latvia Enterprise Survey 2009 were contacted for The Financial Crisis Survey. The implementing contractor received directions that the final achieved sample should include at least 120 establishments.

For Latvia Enterprise Survey 2009, the sample was selected using stratified random sampling. Three levels of stratification were used in this country: industry, establishment size, and region.

Industry stratification was designed in the way that follows: the universe was stratified into manufacturing industries, services industries, and one residual (core) sector. Each industry had a target of 90 interviews. For the core industries sample sizes were inflated by about 2% to account for potential non-response cases when requesting sensitive financial data and also because of likely attrition in future surveys that would affect the construction of a panel.

Size stratification was defined following the standardized definition for the rollout: small (5 to 19 employees), medium (20 to 99 employees), and large (more than 99 employees). For stratification purposes, the number of employees was defined on the basis of reported permanent full-time workers. This seems to be an appropriate definition of the labor force since seasonal/casual/part-time employment is not a common practice, except in the sectors of construction and agriculture.

Regional stratification was defined in 6 regions. These regions are Riga, Pieriga, Vidzeme, Kurzeme, Zemgale, and Latgale.

Given the stratified design, sample frames containing a complete and updated list of establishments for the selected regions were required. Great efforts were made to obtain the best source for these listings. However, the quality of the sample frames was not optimal and, therefore, some adjustments were needed to correct for the presence of ineligible units. These adjustments are reflected in the weights computation.

The source of the sample frame was the January 2008 version of the Business Register of the Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia. The quality of the frame was assessed at the onset of the project. The frame proved to be useful though it showed positive rates of non-eligibility, repetition, non-existent units, etc. These problems are typical of establishment surveys, but given the impact these inaccuracies may have on the results, adjustments were needed when computing the appropriate weights for individual observations. The percentage of confirmed non-eligible units as a proportion of the total number of contacts to complete the survey was 26.32% (195 out of 741 establishments).

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Telephone Interview [cati]

Research instrument

The following survey instrument is available: - Financial Crisis Survey Questionnaire

Cleaning operations

Data entry and quality controls are implemented by the contractor and data is delivered to the World Bank in batches (typically 10%, 50% and 100%). These data deliveries are checked for logical consistency, out of range values, skip patterns, and duplicate entries. Problems are flagged by the World Bank and corrected by the implementing contractor through data checks and callbacks.

The Corona crisis (COVID-19) affects a large proportion of companies and freelancers in Germany. Against this background, the study examines the personal situation and working conditions of employees in Germany in times of corona. The analysis mainly refers to the situation in May 2020 and can only make limited statements about the further situation of the employed persons in the course of the corona pandemic. Personal situation: change in working times during the corona crisis; current work situation (local focus of one´s own work); preference for home office; preference for future home office; financial losses due to the corona crisis; concerns about the financial and economic consequences of the corona crisis in Germany; concerns about the corona crisis in personal areas (job security, current working conditions, financial situation, career opportunities, family situation, health, psychological well-being, housing situation); support from the employer in the corona crisis. 2. Economy and welfare state: political interest; assessment of the economic situation in Germany; preferred form of government (strong vs. liberal state); agreement on various statements on the weighing of values in the Corona crisis (the restrictions on public life to protect the population from Corona are not in proportion to the economic crisis caused by it, the money now being made available for economic aid will later be lacking in other important areas such as education, infrastructure or climate protection, for politicians, the health of the population is the top priority, the interests of the economy influence them less strongly with regard to the corona crisis, the worst part of the crisis is now behind us, as a result of the economic effects of the corona crisis the contrast between rich and poor in Germany will become even more pronounced, the corona crisis affects the low earners more than the middle class, the corona crisis significantly advances the digitalisation of the world of work); perception of state action in the corona crisis on the basis of pairs of opposites (e.g. bureaucratic - unbureaucratic, passive - active, etc.); responsibility of the state to provide financial support to companies in the corona crisis; responsibility of the state to provide financial support to private individuals in the corona crisis over and above basic provision; recipients of state financial aid in the corona crisis (companies, directly to needy private individuals, companies and private individuals alike); assessment of the bureaucracy involved in state financial aid (speed vs. exact examination). 3. Measures: awareness of current measures to support business and individuals in the corona crisis; assessment of current measures to support business and individuals in the corona crisis; reliance on assistance in the corona crisis; nature of assistance used in the corona crisis; barriers to use of assistance in the corona crisis; assessment of the effectiveness of the state measures to cope with the corona crisis; appropriate additional measures to mitigate the economic consequences; concerns about the consequences of the planned state measures (increasing tax burden, rising social contributions, rising inflation, stagnating pension levels, rising retirement age, reduction of other state transfers, safeguarding savings). 4. Information: active search for information on financial assistance offers by the Federal Government in the corona crisis; self-assessment of the level of information on measures to support business and private individuals in the corona crisis; request for detailed information on state assistance measures in the corona crisis (e.g. application process, sources of funding, conditions for receiving assistance, etc.) sources of information used about state aid measures in the Corona crisis; contact with institutions offering economic and financial aid during the Corona crisis (development bank/ municipal development agency, employment agency, tax office, none of them); experience with institutions offering economic and financial aid during the Corona crisis (appropriate treatment). 5. Outlook: assessment of the future economic situation in Germany; assessment of Germany´s future as a strong business location; assessment of its own future economic situation; assessment of the duration of the economic impairment caused by the Corona crisis. Demography: age; sex; education; employment; self-localization social class; net household income; current household income; household income before the crisis; occupational activity; belonging to systemically important occupations; number of persons in the household; number of children under 18 in the household; size of town; party sympathy; migration background. Additionally coded: current number; federal state; education (low, medium, high); weighting factor.

Abstract

This research was conducted in Romania in June-July 2009 as part of the first round of The Financial Crisis Survey. Data from 370 establishments from private nonagricultural formal sector was analyzed to quantify the effect of the 2008 global financial crisis on companies in Romania.

Researchers revisited establishments interviewed in Romania Enterprise Survey 2009. Efforts were made to contact all respondents of the baseline survey to determine which of the companies were still operating and which were not. From the information collected during telephone interviews, indicators were computed to measure the effects of the financial crisis on key elements of the private economy: sales, employment, finances, and expectations of the future.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

The primary sampling unit of the study was the establishment. An establishment is a physical location where business is carried out and where industrial operations take place or services are provided. A firm may be composed of one or more establishments. For example, a brewery may have several bottling plants and several establishments for distribution. For the purposes of this survey an establishment must make its own financial decisions and have its own financial statements separate from those of the firm. An establishment must also have its own management and control over its payroll.

Universe

The manufacturing and services sectors were the primary business sectors of interest. This corresponded to firms classified with International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) codes 15-37, 45, 50-52, 55, 60-64, and 72 (ISIC Rev.3.1). Formal (registered) companies were targeted for interviews. Services firms included construction, retail, wholesale, hotels, restaurants, transport, storage, communications, and IT. Firms with 100% government ownership were excluded.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

541 establishments that participated in Romania Enterprise Survey 2009 were contacted for The Financial Crisis Survey. The implementing contractor received directions that the final achieved sample should include at least 360 establishments.

For Romania Enterprise Survey 2009, the sample was selected using stratified random sampling. Three levels of stratification were used in this country: industry, establishment size, and region.

Industry stratification was designed in the way that follows: the universe was stratified into 23 manufacturing industries, 2 services industries -retail and IT-, and one residual sector. Each group of sectors had a target of 180 interviews.

Size stratification was defined following the standardized definition for the rollout: small (5 to 19 employees), medium (20 to 99 employees), and large (more than 99 employees). For stratification purposes, the number of employees was defined on the basis of reported permanent full-time workers. This seems to be an appropriate definition of the labor force since seasonal/casual/part-time employment is not a common practice, except in the sectors of construction and agriculture.

Regional stratification was defined in eight regions. These regions are Nord-Est, Sud-Est, Sud, Vest, Nord-Vest, Bucuresti, Sud-Vest, and Centru.

Given the stratified design, sample frames containing a complete and updated list of establishments for the selected regions were required. Great efforts were made to obtain the best source for these listings. However, the quality of the sample frames was not optimal and, therefore, some adjustments were needed to correct for the presence of ineligible units. These adjustments are reflected in the weights computation.

For most countries covered in 2008-2009 BEEPS, two sample frames were used. The first was supplied by the World Bank and consisted of enterprises interviewed in BEEPS 2005. The World Bank required that attempts should be made to re-interview establishments responding to the BEEPS 2005 survey where they were within the selected geographical regions and met eligibility criteria. That sample is referred to as the Panel. Some of the establishments in the Panel had less than five employees.

The second frame used in Romania was the Trade Register of Romania. The full frame was not made available. Instead an extract was selected in Romania according to instructions from the TNS statistical team in London.

The quality of the frame was assessed at the onset of the project. The frame proved to be useful though it showed positive rates of non-eligibility, repetition, non-existent units, etc. These problems are typical of establishment surveys, but given the impact these inaccuracies may have on the results, adjustments were needed when computing the appropriate weights for individual observations. The percentage of confirmed non-eligible units as a proportion of the total number of contacts to complete the survey was 37% (414 out of 1,115 establishments).

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Telephone Interview [cati]

Research instrument

The following survey instrument is available: - Financial Crisis Survey Questionnaire

Cleaning operations

Data entry and quality controls are implemented by the contractor and data is delivered to the World Bank in batches (typically 10%, 50% and 100%). These data deliveries are checked for logical consistency, out of range values, skip patterns, and duplicate entries. Problems are flagged by the World Bank and corrected by the implementing contractor through data checks and callbacks.