Population: Fujian: Fuzhou: Household Registration data was reported at 7,339.969 Person th in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 7,292.177 Person th for 2022. Population: Fujian: Fuzhou: Household Registration data is updated yearly, averaging 6,421.116 Person th from Dec 1996 (Median) to 2023, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7,339.969 Person th in 2023 and a record low of 5,699.500 Person th in 1996. Population: Fujian: Fuzhou: Household Registration data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Fuzhou Municipal Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GE: Population: Prefecture Level City.

Population: Census: Fujian: Fuzhou data was reported at 8,291.268 Person th in 12-01-2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 7,115.370 Person th for 12-01-2010. Population: Census: Fujian: Fuzhou data is updated decadal, averaging 7,115.370 Person th from Dec 2000 (Median) to 12-01-2020, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8,291.268 Person th in 12-01-2020 and a record low of 6,386.015 Person th in 12-01-2000. Population: Census: Fujian: Fuzhou data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Fuzhou Municipal Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GE: Population: Prefecture Level City: By Census.

Historical dataset of population level and growth rate for the Fuzhou, Jiangxi, China metro area from 1950 to 2025.

Population: Fujian: Fuzhou: Usual Residence data was reported at 8,469.000 Person th in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 8,448.000 Person th for 2022. Population: Fujian: Fuzhou: Usual Residence data is updated yearly, averaging 7,600.000 Person th from Dec 2003 (Median) to 2023, with 21 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8,469.000 Person th in 2023 and a record low of 6,560.000 Person th in 2003. Population: Fujian: Fuzhou: Usual Residence data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Fuzhou Municipal Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GE: Population: Prefecture Level City.

Population: Fujian: Fuzhou: Yongtai data was reported at 378.622 Person th in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 381.975 Person th for 2022. Population: Fujian: Fuzhou: Yongtai data is updated yearly, averaging 375.111 Person th from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2023, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 385.700 Person th in 2019 and a record low of 352.400 Person th in 2006. Population: Fujian: Fuzhou: Yongtai data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GJ: Population: County Level Region.

Population: Usual Residence: Birth Rate: Fujian: Fuzhou data was reported at 7.380 ‰ in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 8.820 ‰ for 2021. Population: Usual Residence: Birth Rate: Fujian: Fuzhou data is updated yearly, averaging 11.300 ‰ from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2022, with 9 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 12.700 ‰ in 2018 and a record low of 7.380 ‰ in 2022. Population: Usual Residence: Birth Rate: Fujian: Fuzhou data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Fuzhou Municipal Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GE: Population: Prefecture Level City: Usual Residence: Natural Growth Rate.

Population: Fujian: Fuzhou: Changle data was reported at 773.860 Person th in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 771.008 Person th for 2022. Population: Fujian: Fuzhou: Changle data is updated yearly, averaging 707.000 Person th from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2023, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 773.860 Person th in 2023 and a record low of 660.057 Person th in 2004. Population: Fujian: Fuzhou: Changle data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GJ: Population: County Level Region.

Population: Fujian: Fuzhou: Minqing data was reported at 319.239 Person th in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 320.995 Person th for 2022. Population: Fujian: Fuzhou: Minqing data is updated yearly, averaging 319.569 Person th from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2023, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 325.200 Person th in 2018 and a record low of 299.514 Person th in 2005. Population: Fujian: Fuzhou: Minqing data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GJ: Population: County Level Region.

Population: Fujian: Fuzhou: Lianjiang data was reported at 674.909 Person th in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 675.745 Person th for 2022. Population: Fujian: Fuzhou: Lianjiang data is updated yearly, averaging 659.600 Person th from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2023, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 678.300 Person th in 2020 and a record low of 611.002 Person th in 2005. Population: Fujian: Fuzhou: Lianjiang data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GJ: Population: County Level Region.

Population: Household Registration: Death Rate: Fujian: Fuzhou data was reported at 4.340 ‰ in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 3.390 ‰ for 2022. Population: Household Registration: Death Rate: Fujian: Fuzhou data is updated yearly, averaging 4.720 ‰ from Dec 2010 (Median) to 2023, with 14 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 12.010 ‰ in 2017 and a record low of 3.390 ‰ in 2022. Population: Household Registration: Death Rate: Fujian: Fuzhou data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Fuzhou Municipal Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GE: Population: Prefecture Level City: Household Registration: Natural Growth Rate.

Population: Fujian: Fuzhou: Luoyuan data was reported at 268.932 Person th in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 269.213 Person th for 2022. Population: Fujian: Fuzhou: Luoyuan data is updated yearly, averaging 262.950 Person th from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2023, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 269.700 Person th in 2020 and a record low of 252.887 Person th in 2004. Population: Fujian: Fuzhou: Luoyuan data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GJ: Population: County Level Region.

Population: Fujian: Fuzhou: Minhou data was reported at 733.345 Person th in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 728.614 Person th for 2022. Population: Fujian: Fuzhou: Minhou data is updated yearly, averaging 661.750 Person th from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2023, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 733.345 Person th in 2023 and a record low of 609.862 Person th in 2004. Population: Fujian: Fuzhou: Minhou data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GJ: Population: County Level Region.

Population: Outflow: Fujian: Fuzhou data was reported at 134.328 Person th in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 155.451 Person th for 2021. Population: Outflow: Fujian: Fuzhou data is updated yearly, averaging 134.328 Person th from Dec 2010 (Median) to 2022, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 156.521 Person th in 2018 and a record low of 113.289 Person th in 2014. Population: Outflow: Fujian: Fuzhou data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Fuzhou Municipal Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GE: Population: Prefecture Level City: Non-natural Change.

Population: Rural: Fujian: Fuzhou: Minqing data was reported at 152.800 Person th in 2012. This records a decrease from the previous number of 162.400 Person th for 2011. Population: Rural: Fujian: Fuzhou: Minqing data is updated yearly, averaging 173.000 Person th from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2012, with 9 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 254.000 Person th in 2004 and a record low of 152.800 Person th in 2012. Population: Rural: Fujian: Fuzhou: Minqing data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GJ: Population: Rural: County Level Region.

Climate change may have diverse and complex impacts on species interactions, destabilizing food webs and ecosystem services. The effects of warming on the top-down biological control of crop pests have been considerably less studied than bottom-up effects through crop physiological changes. We studied the effect of a 2 °C warming in the laboratory and in wheat fields on the predation and metabolism of Harmonia axyridis on wheat aphids using molecular gut content analysis. We also measured the effects of warming on the predation rate and functional response of H. axyridis on each aphid species in the laboratory, as well as on DNA degradation rate. Field densities of Sitobion avenae and Rhopalosiphum padi, the two most abundant wheat aphid species, were increased by 2 and 2.5 times, respectively, under experimental warming, but densities of H. axyridis were not. Field predation rate of H. axyridis on these two aphids was found to be about 25% lower under elevated temperature. This could have been due to faster prey digestion, since degradation of the preferred aphid species, Sitobion avenae, was 1.5 times faster under elevated temperature. However, the functional response of H. axyridis larvae on these two species was 1.5 times higher under warming over the range of prey densities tested (50 to 250 over 24 h). The total predation rate of H. axyridis larvae on a mixture of S. avenae, R. padi and Schizaphis graminum aphid prey was also increased by 1.4 times, but consumption of R. padi aphids was increased while that of S. graminum was decreased under warming. Overall, our results show that global warming could strongly increase pest outbreaks and destabilize biological pest control, which would likely result in accrued yield losses.

Methods Experimental design Field experiments were conducted in Langfang, Hebei Province (Langfang Research Station, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; 39°30’N, 116°36’E) and in Yuanyang, Henan Province (Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences; 34°55’N, 114°15’E). The climate at both stations is continental warm temperate with a monsoon season from April to September and mean annual precipitations of 550 mm; the mean annual temperature is 12.3 °C in Langfang and 14.4 °C in Yuanyang (http://data.cma.cn/). In each station, one field (23 × 16m) was selected and grown with wheat Triticum aestivum L. variety Hengguan 35, which is adapted to dry conditions. In each field, twelve plots of 2 m × 2 m were selected and randomly assigned to control (ambient temperature; six plots) or to treatment (warming; six plots). Plots were separated by a buffer of at least 5 m of bare ground. MSR-2420 infrared heaters (Kalglo Electronics Inc., Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA; 165 cm × 15 cm) were placed above treatment plots, setting a radiation output of 2000 W and with a 4 m2 effective area (Han et al., 2019). Air temperature and relative humidity were monitored hourly 80 cm above ground using a data logger (JL-17; Hebei Qingsheng Electricity Company, Hebei, China) placed in the middle of each plot. Wheat was sown in mid-October 2014, 2015 and 2016, and harvested in early June 2015, 2016 and 2017. Two months after wheat planting, infrared heaters were set up until harvesting the wheat. Bare ground borders between plots were regularly manually weeded, and no pesticides were applied. Field population dynamics of wheat aphids and of H. axyridis

To evaluate the influence of warming on insect population dynamics, aphids and H. axyridis numbers were recorded every seven days from the beginning of March to harvest each year in the twelve experimental plots. In each plot, a ‘Z-shaped’ sampling pattern was used, along which five sampling sites were selected. At each sampling site, ten wheat tillers were randomly selected and carefully inspected, and the number of aphids (adults and nymphs) and of H. axyridis were counted on those tillers.

H. axyridis specimen collection and DNA extraction Twenty-seven and 33 larvae of H. axyridis were collected in 2018–2021 at the Yuanyang station in ambient versus elevated temperature plots, respectively, and placed individually in 50 mL centrifuge tubes sealed with gauze. Brought back in the laboratory, their guts were immediately dissected under a stereoscope, and placed individually in a DNA Preservation Solution (Phygene Biotech, Fuzhou, China) to protect DNA from degradation and contamination, then stored at -80 ℃ until DNA extraction. Later, collected guts were placed individually in 1.5 mL microcentrifuge tubes and homogenized in 500 µl of DNA extraction buffer (100 mM NaCl, 50 mM Tris–HCl, 100 mM EDTA, 5% SDS, and 20 mg.mL-1 proteinase K, pH 8.0) using a TGrinder homogenizer (OSE-Y50, Tiangen Biotech, Beijing, China) at 11,000rpm.min-1 for 2 min. The mixture was agitated at 1,000 rpm.min-1 for 30 s using a BS14-Vortex 3000 (Wiggens, Straubenhardt, Baden-Württemberg, Germany) and incubated at 56 °C for 30 min. Then, 300 µl of phenol reagent for DNA extraction (Solarbio biotech, Beijing, China) and 300 µl of chloroform were added, mixed, and centrifuged at 14,000 rpm for 10 min. This last step was repeated another time to remove all impurities and obtain pure DNA. Once the supernatant was transferred into a new 1.5 mL centrifuge tube, 600 µl of chloroform were added, mixed, and centrifuged at 14,000 rpm for 10 min. The aqueous phase was mixed with 0.13 volumes of ammonium acetate (7.5 M) and two volumes of 100% ethanol, and placed for 20 min at -80 °C. The precipitated DNA was centrifuged, dried, resuspended in 25 µl of ultrapure water, quantified using a spectrophotometer (NanoDrop 2, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Massachusetts, USA), and stored at -40 °C. The same DNA extraction procedure was used for both the field and laboratory samples. Primer design and specificity tests To analyse H. axyridis gut content and quantify the relative consumption of the three main aphid species, a molecular analysis was conducted. Three pairs of primers specific to the cytochrome C Oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences of each aphid species were designed using the online Eurofins Genomics qPCR Assay Design tool (https://eurofinsgenomics.eu/en/ecom/tools/qpcr-assay-design/), and using GenBank reference sequences for each aphid species. The screening conditions were set as follows: primer length 15-30 bp, GC content 40-80%, Tm > 55 °C, qPCR product 150-400 bp. The specificity of each primer to its target species was verified by PCR amplification of the DNA extract of each species (S. avenae, S. graminum, R. padi and H. axyridis) using each pair of primer (from each aphid species) in separate PCRs. For each PCR, 1 µL of DNA extract was mixed into 12.5 μL of 2×F8 PCR MasterMix (Aidlab, Beijing), 0.5 µL COI-F (10µM), 0.5 µL COI-R (10µM), and ddH2O up to 25 µL. The PCR steps were as such: initial denaturation at 94℃ for 2 min; 30 cycles at 94℃ for 10 s, 57℃ for 10 s, 72℃ for 10 s; and final extension at 72℃ for 5 min. Each PCR was carried out in a DNA engine gradient thermal cycler (Bio-Rad, USA). Sterile water was also included as a negative control in the PCR, for which no CT value was detected after amplification. The COI amplified products were purified using the DNA gel extraction kit (Aidlab, Beijing, China), then inserted and cloned into pTOPO-T vectors (Aibosen biology, Beijing, China) and propagated into DH5α competent cells, resulting in the production of pTOPO- S. avenae, pTOPO- S. graminum and pTOPO- R. padi plasmids. The plasmids were then purified with a High purity plasmid extraction kit (Aidlab, Beijing, China), and run on 1% agarose gels to check fragment purity and amplification success. Positive clones were sequenced in both forward and reverse orientations to verify that the fragment sequences were correct, using the Dnaman (2004) software. The cloned plasmids were then used to generate the standard calibration curves. The three wheat aphid species – S. avenae, R. padi and S. graminum – together account for more than 99% of all aphid individuals found in the field. In addition, the remaining extremely rare species, including Metopolophium dirrhodum (Walker) belong to other aphid genus, and we found that the three primer pairs for each aphid species were very specific to their target species. Therefore, we did not test the specificity of these three primer pairs towards other, locally extremely rare aphid species. Molecular gut content quantification from field individuals of H. axyridis

To quantify the relative consumption of H. axyridis on the three main aphid species based on molecular gut content (COI copy numbers), standard calibration curves were produced using the three recombinant plasmids pTOPO- R. padi, pTOPO- S. avenae and pTOPO- S. graminum. Each plasmid was first diluted in sterile Millipore water resulting in a stock preparation containing 1010 copies per μL, aliquoted and stored at -80 °C, respectively. From this stock, serial 10-fold dilutions containing from 109 to 100 copies of plasmids per μL were prepared for each plasmid. Then, 1 µL of each dilution was mixed into 10 μL of SYBR qPCR Mix (Aibosen, Beijing, China), 0.6 μL of each of the three primers, 7.8 μL ultra-pure H2O, and 0.01 μL ROX Reference Dye (Aidlab, Beijing, China). A negative control was also prepared by adding 1 µL of ultra-pure water instead of plasmid dilution. qPCR amplifications were then performed for each sample using an Applied Biosystems 7500 (ThermoFisher, Massachusetts, USA). The qPCR steps were as such: pre-denaturation at 95°C for 2min; 40 cycles at 95°C for 15 s, 57°C for 20 s, 72°C for 40 s. After each reaction, a melting curve analysis was performed to verify amplicon purity. Primers’ amplification efficiency was calculated based on standard curves’ slopes. The copy number of plasmids per µL in each sample was calculated as

The health of city inhabitants is considerably impacted by the urban park green spaces (UPGS). Existing studies lack an assessment of the UPGS equity from different perspectives and are limited to poor accuracy. This study reviews the definition and determination methods of UPGS, as well as UPGS accessibility and spatial equity related studies. Then, a spatial equity evaluation system is established from the dimensions of equity in providing UPGS services and equity in supply and demand matching. This study extrapolates from micro to macro analysis using network big data and census data to pinpoint the population down to the building level in the main urban area of Fuzhou City, China. The network analysis method, improved Gaussian floating catchment area method, Gini coefficient, and Lorenz curve measurement help to evaluate UPGS service euquity, explore the similarities and differences of UPGS fairness under different travel modes. It also helps to understand the service relationship between UPGS service and population demand under objective space, and to pinpoint the weak supply area using the locational entropy method. The results show that: (1) The overall accessibility and per capita accessibility show similar spatial distribution patterns under different travel modes, which are "high around and low in the middle" and "centered on the Minjiang River and dispersed to the north and south, respectively" in study area. (2) The supply of UPGS services in Fuzhou is relatively adequate and at a relatively equity level, while varies in the allocation of UPGS services among sub-districts. The spatial equity of different traveling modes varies widely. (3) The sub-districts on the periphery of the study area should be subject to increased UPGS and improvements to the road network and public infrastructure. Sub-district with high population density and old neighborhoods should implement micro-renewal and build community parks. Our study presents a new idea for spatial equity research.

Population: Household Registration: Female: Fujian: Fuzhou data was reported at 3,618.041 Person th in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 3,590.635 Person th for 2022. Population: Household Registration: Female: Fujian: Fuzhou data is updated yearly, averaging 3,165.525 Person th from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2023, with 24 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3,618.041 Person th in 2023 and a record low of 2,835.224 Person th in 2000. Population: Household Registration: Female: Fujian: Fuzhou data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Fuzhou Municipal Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GE: Population: Prefecture Level City: Household Registration: By Sex.

Population: Non-natural Change: Fujian: Fuzhou data was reported at 26.508 Person th in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 51.167 Person th for 2021. Population: Non-natural Change: Fujian: Fuzhou data is updated yearly, averaging 14.971 Person th from Dec 2010 (Median) to 2022, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 51.167 Person th in 2021 and a record low of -13.858 Person th in 2010. Population: Non-natural Change: Fujian: Fuzhou data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Fuzhou Municipal Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GE: Population: Prefecture Level City: Non-natural Change.

Population: Rural: Fujian: Fuzhou: Minhou data was reported at 347.400 Person th in 2012. This records a decrease from the previous number of 367.300 Person th for 2011. Population: Rural: Fujian: Fuzhou: Minhou data is updated yearly, averaging 401.000 Person th from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2012, with 9 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 569.000 Person th in 2004 and a record low of 347.400 Person th in 2012. Population: Rural: Fujian: Fuzhou: Minhou data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GJ: Population: Rural: County Level Region.

Population: Household Registration: Natural Growth Rate: Fujian: Fuzhou data was reported at 2.920 ‰ in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3.990 ‰ for 2022. Population: Household Registration: Natural Growth Rate: Fujian: Fuzhou data is updated yearly, averaging 7.800 ‰ from Dec 2010 (Median) to 2023, with 14 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14.590 ‰ in 2010 and a record low of 2.920 ‰ in 2023. Population: Household Registration: Natural Growth Rate: Fujian: Fuzhou data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Fuzhou Municipal Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GE: Population: Prefecture Level City: Household Registration: Natural Growth Rate.