In February 2025, electricity prices in the United Kingdom amounted to 143.37 British pounds per megawatt-hour, an increase on the previous month. A record high was reached in August 2022 when day-ahead baseload contracts averaged 363.7 British pounds per megawatt-hour.
Electricity price stabilization in Europe Electricity prices increased in 2024 compared to the previous year, when prices stabilized after the energy supply shortage. Price spikes were driven by the growing wholesale prices of natural gas and coal worldwide, which are among the main sources of power in the region.

… and in the United Kingdom? The United Kingdom was one of the countries with the highest electricity prices worldwide during the energy crisis. Since then, prices have been stabilizing, almost to pre-energy crisis levels. The use of nuclear, wind, and bioenergy for electricity generation has been increasing recently. The fuel types are an alternative to fossil fuels and are part of the country's power generation plans going into the future.

Wholesale electricity prices in the United Kingdom hit a record-high in 2022, reaching 21.7 British pence per kilowatt-hour that year. Projections indicate that prices are bound to decrease steadily in the next few years, falling under five pence per kilowatt-hour by 2030.

Germany's electricity prices have experienced an increase in the latter half of 2024 and the beginning of 2025, reaching an average of 140.42 euros per megawatt-hour in February 2025. This marks a notable decrease from the record high of over 469 euros per megawatt-hour in August 2022, yet remains above pre-pandemic levels. The ongoing volatility in energy prices continues to impact German households and businesses, reflecting broader trends across Europe's energy landscape. Electricity price recovery German electricity prices began recovering back to pre-energy crisis levels in 2024, a period driven by a complex interplay of factors, including increased heating demand, reduced wind power generation, and water scarcity affecting hydropower production. The rise in natural gas and coal prices, exacerbated by the economic recovery post-COVID-19 and the Ukraine conflict, further contributed to the spike. Despite Germany's progress in renewable energy sources, with over 50 percent of gross electricity generated from renewable sources in 2023, the country still relies heavily on fossil fuels. Coal and natural gas accounted for approximately 40 percent of the energy mix, making Germany vulnerable to fluctuations in global fuel prices. Impact on consumers and future outlook The volatility in electricity prices has directly impacted German consumers. As of April 1, 2024, households with basic supplier contracts were paying around 46 cents per kilowatt-hour, making it the most expensive option compared to other providers or special contracts. The breakdown of household electricity prices in 2023 showed that supply and margin, along with energy procurement, constituted the largest controllable components, amounting to 40.6 and 11.6 euro cents per kilowatt-hour, respectively. While prices have decreased since the 2022 peak, they remain higher than pre-crisis levels, underscoring the ongoing challenges in Germany's energy sector as it continues its transition towards renewable sources.

This table shows the average prices paid for natural gas and electricity. The total prices represent the sum of energy supply prices and network prices.

The total price is the price paid by an end-user, for instance a household or an industrial company consuming energy in their production process. Natural gas used for non-energy purposes or for electricity generation is excluded from the data.

The price cap set by the Dutch government for 2023 has now been incorporated into the prices.

Data available from: 1st semester of 2009

Status of the figures: The figures in this table are provisional for the two most recent semesters, and the annual figures follow the status of the second semester of the relevant reporting year. The remaining figures are final.

Changes as of September 30: Figures for the first half of 2024 have been added.

When will new figures be published? New provisional figures will be published three months after the semesters end, at the end of September and at the end of March.

Germany Electricity decreased 21.39 EUR/MWh or 18.48% since the beginning of 2025, according to the latest spot benchmarks offered by sellers to buyers priced in megawatt hour (MWh). This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Germany Electricity Price.

Wholesale electricity prices in the European Union (EU) increased in 2024 after recovering from the global energy crisis in 2023. This was the result of a myriad of factors, including increased demand in the “post-pandemic” economic recovery, a rise in natural gas and coal prices, and a decline in renewable power generation due to low wind speeds and drought. Nuclear power's critical role In 2023, nuclear and wind were among the leading sources of electricity generation in the EU, accounting for more than one-third of the output. Nuclear energy continues to play a crucial role in the European Union's electricity mix, generating approximately 619 terawatt-hours in 2023, which accounted for about 20 percent of the region's power production. However, the future of nuclear power in Europe is uncertain, with some countries like Germany phasing out their nuclear plants while others maintain their reliance on this energy source. The varied approaches to nuclear power across EU member states contribute to the differences in electricity prices and supply stability throughout the region.

Renewable energy's growing impact As Europe strives to decarbonize its energy sector, renewable sources are gaining prominence. Wind power in Europe, in particular, has seen significant growth, with installed capacity in Europe reaching 257.1 gigawatt hours in 2023. This expansion of renewable energy infrastructure is gradually reshaping the electricity market, potentially leading to more stable prices in the long term. However, the intermittent nature of some renewable sources, such as wind and solar, can still contribute to price fluctuations, especially during periods of low output.

Daily data showing the System Price of electricity, and rolling seven-day average, in Great Britain. These are official statistics in development. Source: Elexon.

UK Gas decreased 26.27 GBp/Thm or 20.95% since the beginning of 2025, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. UK Natural Gas - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on March of 2025.

Natural gas prices are the highest in the residential sector. In 2023, U.S. households paid an all time high average of 15.2 U.S. dollars per 1,000 cubic feet. Commercial natural gas costs were second-highest, while prices in the electric power sector were the lowest, at around four U.S. dollars on average. Prices for the industrial and electric power customers tend to be close to the wholesale electricity price. All sectors saw a year-on-year increase in natural gas prices in 2022 due to the decline in U.S. natural gas production in the first quarter of 2022, which resulted in high withdrawals of natural gas from storage and an increase in average natural gas prices. The growing natural gas market In recent years, the average natural gas prices for all sectors have been increasing in the United States. In 2022, the residential sector witnessed an increase in natural gas prices higher than 2008, while natural gas prices for other sectors were still lower despite increases in average natural gas prices for those sectors. Meanwhile, consumption of natural gas has increased more than any other fuel type following the 2008 Recession. Petroleum consumption has been more variable, and use of coal has significantly decreased. The price of coal and crude oil had already been increasing since the early 2000s, and was further exacerbated by the financial crisis. Around the same time, the cost of natural gas dropped significantly, making it a more viable economic alternative compared to other fossil fuels. This decrease was in part the result of drastically increased production of shale gas as a result of hydraulic fracturing and other techniques.

UK Electricity decreased 15.90 GBP/MWh or 15.52% since the beginning of 2025, according to the latest spot benchmarks offered by sellers to buyers priced in megawatt hour (MWh). This dataset includes a chart with historical data for the United Kingdom Electricity Price.

The electricity delivery process has experienced a major shift in recent years, driven by a push to reduce emissions. Governments across Europe are actively moving away from conventional sources of electricity generation, leading to a decline in the continent's dependency on fossil fuels. In 2022, nearly 40% of electricity generated in the EU came from renewable sources, compared with 25% in 2012. The rise of renewables has spurred an influx of renewable generators and necessitated increased investment in electricity networks. This has lifted revenue for transmission and distribution network operators. Revenue is forecast to rise at a compound annual rate of 7.1% over the five years through 2024, reaching €3.2 billion. Falling wholesale prices and a reduction in overall electricity consumption spurred a drop in revenue during the pandemic. Excess demand for natural gas as economies loosened pandemic-related restrictions spurred a strong rebound in wholesale electricity prices in 2021, translating to a jump in revenue. Wholesale prices recorded a renewed spike following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, spurring a surge in revenue generated by electricity producers and suppliers. Renewable generators were able to rake in extra profits from electricity sold to wholesale markets at inflated prices, counterbalancing a significant rise in costs for fossil fuel generators and electricity suppliers. Revenue is forecast to decline by 8.6% in 2024 as wholesale prices continue to decline from record highs and electricity consumption remains subdued. Revenue is forecast to increase at a compound annual rate of 0.5% over the five years through 2029 to €3.2 billion. The revised Renewable Energy Directive of the EU has set a goal for 69% of electricity to be generated from renewables by 2030. Electricity generators will continue expanding their renewables capacity, while investment in upgrading the electricity network to accommodate the rapid shift to renewables will boost income for transmission and distribution network operators. Rising renewable electricity generation will place downward pressure on wholesale prices, while a long-term decline in electricity consumption in advanced economies will weigh on revenue.

The average wholesale electricity price in Spain amounted to 119.03 euros per megawatt-hour in February 2025, an increase compared to the previous month. The electricity price was lower compared to the same period in the previous year. Non-household and household electricity prices in Spain Average annual electricity prices in Spain have not yet fallen back to between 40 and 65 euros per megawatt-hour, the average electricity price before the impact of the energy supply shortage in 2021. Household electricity prices in Spain average 99.6 euro cents per kilowatt-hour in 2023. Similarly, non-household electricity prices have not yet fully recovered to pre-energy supply shortage levels, averaging 12.17 euro cents per kilowatt-hour in 2024. Spanish electricity market The Spanish electricity market consists of two sectors: a regulated sector and a liberalized sector. Both sectors are dominated by two utility companies, Endesa and Iberdrola. The companies possessed a combined market share of 75 percent within the regulated market in the year 2023, whereas their combined share of the liberalized market amounted to 64 percent that same year.

Nepal Wholesale Price Index: Fuel & Power: Electricity data was reported at 100.000 2017-2018=100 in Oct 2018. This stayed constant from the previous number of 100.000 2017-2018=100 for Sep 2018. Nepal Wholesale Price Index: Fuel & Power: Electricity data is updated monthly, averaging 100.000 2017-2018=100 from Aug 2018 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 100.000 2017-2018=100 in Oct 2018 and a record low of 100.000 2017-2018=100 in Oct 2018. Nepal Wholesale Price Index: Fuel & Power: Electricity data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Nepal Rastra Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Nepal – Table NP.I0030: Wholesale Price Index: 2017-2018=100.

In October 2024, the average wholesale electricity price in Belgium stood at 78.13 euros per megawatt-hour. Electricity prices recorded a steep increase in 2022, reaching a high of over 448 euros per megawatt-hour in August that year. In 2023, natural gas accounted for almost 21 percent of the country's electricity production.

India WPI: Fuel & Power: Electricity data was reported at 172.300 2004-2005=100 in Mar 2017. This stayed constant from the previous number of 172.300 2004-2005=100 for Feb 2017. India WPI: Fuel & Power: Electricity data is updated monthly, averaging 112.500 2004-2005=100 from Apr 2004 (Median) to Mar 2017, with 156 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 177.200 2004-2005=100 in Dec 2015 and a record low of 99.600 2004-2005=100 in Dec 2004. India WPI: Fuel & Power: Electricity data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Commerce and Industry. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table IN.II057: Wholesale Price Index: 2004-05=100. Rebased from 2004-05=100 to 2011-12=100 Replacement series ID: 387158367

Portugal - Producer prices in industry: Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply was 108.40 points in February of 2025, according to the EUROSTAT. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Portugal - Producer prices in industry: Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply - last updated from the EUROSTAT on March of 2025. Historically, Portugal - Producer prices in industry: Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply reached a record high of 121.30 points in March of 2022 and a record low of 54.50 points in March of 2005.

This is the cumulative sum of expenditures for each accounting string (EECAF & PNGCAF) by fiscal year and accounting period. The accumulation starts in the first accounting period for each fiscal year and ends on the last accounting period for the fiscal year.

Data sources are publicly available via Open Expenditures at https://openexpenditures.mesaaz.gov/#!/year/All%20Years/explore/0/activity_name/EECAF+Elec+Energ+Cost+Adj+Factor+(EECAF)/0/department_name

and

https://openexpenditures.mesaaz.gov/#!/year/All%20Years/explore/0/activity_name/PNGCAF+Purch+Natur+Gas+Cost+Adjust+Factor/0/department_name

Data reporting may have a 14 day lag.

The average wholesale electricity price in Ireland amounted to 123.59 euros per megawatt-hour in October 2024. During the period in consideration, figures reached a record high in March 2022, at over 293 euros per megawatt-hour. This was an increase of more than 302 percent compared to the same month a year prior.

Energy Prices In the Euro Area decreased to 150.70 points in February from 151.16 points in January of 2025. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Euro Area Energy Prices.