The global fuel energy price index stood at 157.89 index points in September 2025, up from 100 in the base year 2016. Figures decreased that month due to a fall in natural gas prices. The fuel energy index includes prices for crude oil, natural gas, coal, and propane. Supply constraints across multiple commodities The global natural gas price index surged nearly 11-fold, and the global coal price index rose almost seven-fold from summer 2020 to summer 2022. This notable escalation was largely attributed to the Russia-Ukraine war, exerting increased pressure on the global supply chain. Tariffs bring economic uncertainty With the global economy having adjusted to the effects of the Russia-Ukraine war, new uncertainty has emerged due to tariffs imposed by the Trump administration. If these tariffs are fully implemented, global trade could be significantly disrupted, mainly the bilateral trade between the world’s two largest economies. In 2025, import tariffs between China and the United States exceeded 130 percent on both sides, while their tariffs on imports from the rest of the world were around 10 percent. U.S. tariffs on Chinese imported goods reached a high of 134.7 percent in April of that year, while China imposed a 147.6 percent tariff on U.S. goods. Early estimates indicate that the impact of Trump’s proposed tariffs on the U.S. economy could amount to 0.4 percent of GDP, mainly driven by the reduced trade with Mexico, Canada and China.

The average monthly price for natural gas in the United States amounted to *** nominal U.S. dollars per million British thermal units (Btu) in October 2025. By contrast, natural gas prices in Europe were about three times higher than those in the U.S. Prices in Europe tend to be notably higher than those in the U.S. as the latter benefits from being a major hydrocarbon producer. Europe's import reliance European prices for natural gas rose most notable throughout the second half of 2021 and much of 2022, peaking at over ** U.S. dollars per million Btu in August 2022. The sharp rise was due to supply chain issues and economic strain following the COVID-19 pandemic, which was further exacerbated by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in early 2022. As a result of the war, many countries began looking for alternative sources, and Russian pipeline gas imports to the European Union declined as a result. Meanwhile, LNG was a great beneficiary, with LNG demand in Europe rising by more than ** percent between 2021 and 2024. How domestic natural gas production shapes prices As intimated, the United States’ position among the leaders of worldwide natural gas production is one of the main reasons for why prices for this commodity are so low across the country. In 2024, the U.S. produced more than ************ cubic meters of natural gas, which allays domestic demand and allows for far lower purchasing prices.

Natural gas rose to 4.94 USD/MMBtu on December 3, 2025, up 2.04% from the previous day. Over the past month, Natural gas's price has risen 13.71%, and is up 62.29% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Natural gas - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

Gasoline fell to 1.86 USD/Gal on December 2, 2025, down 0.53% from the previous day. Over the past month, Gasoline's price has fallen 2.79%, and is down 4.95% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Gasoline - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

The global natural gas price index stood at 174.31 index points in September 2025. Natural gas prices decreased that month as cooling demand fell due to colder weather than expected. The global price index takes into account indices from Europe, Japan, and the United States – some of the largest natural gas trading markets. The U.S. is the leading natural gas exporter in the world. Means of trading natural gas Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is the most common form of trading natural gas. Although piped gas is often the preferred choice for transportation between neighboring producing and consuming countries, seaborne trade as LNG has grown in market volume. This is in part thanks to high consumption in pipeline-inaccessible areas such as Japan, Korea, and China, as well as the recent increase in LNG trade by European countries. Major natural gas price benchmarks The natural gas prices often used as global benchmarks are Europe’s Dutch TTF traded on the Intercontinental Exchange, Indonesian LNG in Japan, and the U.S. Henry Hub traded on the New York Mercantile Exchange. 2022 was an especially volatile year for natural gas prices, as supply was severely constrained following sanctions on Russian imports. Other reasons for recent spikes in gas prices are related to issues at refineries, changes in demand, and problems along seaborne supply routes.

About the ProjectKAPSARC is analyzing the shifting dynamics of the global gas markets. Global gas markets have turned upside down during the past five years: North America has emerged as a large potential future LNG exporter while gas demand growth has been slowing down as natural gas gets squeezed between coal and renewables. While the coming years will witness the fastest LNG export capacity expansion ever seen, many questions are raised on the next generation of LNG supply, the impact of low oil and gas prices on supply and demand patterns and how pricing and contractual structure may be affected by both the arrival of U.S. LNG on global gas markets and the desire of Asian buyers for cheaper gas.Key PointsIn the past year, global gas prices have dropped significantly, albeit at unequal paces depending on the region. All else being equal, economists would suggest that this should have generated a positive demand response. However, “all else” was not equal. Prices of other commodities also declined while economic growth forecasts were downgraded. Prices at benchmark points such as the U.K. National Balancing Point (NBP), U.S. Henry Hub (HH) and Japan/Korea Marker (JKM) slumped due to lower oil prices, liquefied natural gas (LNG) oversupply and unseasonal weather. Yet, the prices of natural gas in local currencies have increased in a number of developing countries in Africa, the Middle East, Latin America, former Soviet Union (FSU) and Asia. North America experienced demand growth while gas in Europe and Asia faced rising competition from cheaper coal, renewables and, in some instances, nuclear. Gains to European demand were mostly weather related while increases in Africa and Latin America were not significant. For LNG, Europe became the market of last resort as Asian consumption declined. Moreover, an anticipated surge in LNG supply, brought on by several new projects, may lead to a confrontation with Russian or other pipeline gas suppliers to Europe. At the same time, Asian buyers are seeking concessions on pricing and flexibility in their long-term contracts. Looking ahead, natural gas has to prove itself a credible and affordable alternative to coal, notably in Asia, if the world is to reach its climate change targets. The future of the gas industry will also depend on oil prices, evolution of Chinese energy demand and impact of COP21 on national energy policies. Current low prices mean there is likely to be a pause in final investment decisions (FIDs) on LNG projects in the coming years.

The average price for regular gasoline in the United States stood at **** U.S. dollars per gallon on October 27, 2025. This compared to a diesel price of **** U.S. dollars per gallon. Prices for gasoline and diesel remained stable that week. Real price surge of 2022 and 2023 still below 2011 to 2014 prices When looking at the real price of gasoline over time, U.S. drivers had to pay notably more in the years between 2011 and 2014. The surge in prices noted throughout 2022 and partly for 2023, which followed supply constraints, was still lower in terms of real U.S. dollars. U.S. on the lower-end spectrum of worldwide motor fuel prices The U.S. has some of the lowest conventional motor fuel prices in the world. Although fuel prices are usually higher in high-income countries, the U.S. profits from its position as the world’s largest crude oil producer and can keep retail prices for oil products comparatively low. For example, among high-income countries, prices for automotive premium gasoline (RON 95) were only lower in Russia and Saudi Arabia - countries where crude oil and oil product exports are in part restricted by sanctions, thus keeping domestic supply high.

Graph and download economic data for US Regular All Formulations Gas Price (GASREGW) from 1990-08-20 to 2025-12-01 about gas, commodities, and USA.

Monthly average retail prices for gasoline and fuel oil for Canada, selected provincial cities, Whitehorse and Yellowknife. Prices are presented for the current month and previous four months. Includes fuel type and the price in cents per litre.

UK Gas fell to 72.60 GBp/thm on December 2, 2025, down 1.67% from the previous day. Over the past month, UK Gas's price has fallen 11.75%, and is down 40.33% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. UK Natural Gas - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

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The floating liquefied natural gas market share is expected to increase by USD 4.68 billion from 2020 to 2025, and the market’s growth momentum will accelerate at a CAGR of 6.12%.

This floating liquefied natural gas market research report provides valuable insights on the post COVID-19 impact on the market, which will help companies evaluate their business approaches. Furthermore, this report extensively covers floating liquefied natural gas market segmentations by processing capacity (large-scale capacity and small-scale capacity) and geography (North America, Europe, APAC, South America, and MEA). The floating liquefied natural gas market report also offers information on several market vendors, including Black & Veatch Holding Co., Eni Spa , Excelerate Energy LP, EXMAR NV, Golar LNG Ltd., Lloyds Energy DMCC, Petroliam Nasional Berhad , Royal Dutch Shell Plc, Samsung Heavy Industries Co. Ltd., and TechnipFMC Plc among others.

What will the Floating Liquefied Natural Gas Market Size be During the Forecast Period?

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Floating Liquefied Natural Gas Market: Key Drivers, Trends, and Challenges

Based on our research output, there has been a negative impact on the market growth during and post COVID-19 era. The rising global oil and gas consumption is notably driving the floating liquefied natural gas market growth, although factors such as fluctuations in oil and gas prices may impede the market growth. Our research analysts have studied the historical data and deduced the key market drivers and the COVID-19 pandemic impact on the floating liquefied natural gas industry. The holistic analysis of the drivers will help in deducing end goals and refining marketing strategies to gain a competitive edge.

Key Floating Liquefied Natural Gas Market Driver

Rising global oil and gas consumption is one of the key factors driving the growth of the global floating liquefied natural gas market. Liquid fuel consumption across the globe, especially in emerging economies such as India, China, and Brazil, is expected to grow, owing to the increasing demand for vehicles and a rise in the consumption of petrochemicals. For instance, according to the US Energy Information Administration (EIA), in 2019, the production of petroleum and other liquid fuels in Brazil averaged 3.7 million barrels per day (b/d). Similarly, natural gas consumption has also seen a rise in the last ten years. According to the US Energy Information Administration (EIA), global natural gas consumption increased significantly in 2019. Natural gas has witnessed a higher rise in consumption than oil due to the increasing adoption of natural gas as a fuel. Also, with the increased consumption of fuel from developing economies such as India and China, the demand for LNG is likely to propel during the forecast period, thereby increasing the demand for FLNG projects during the forecast period.

Key Floating Liquefied Natural Gas Market Trend

The rise in the number of deepwater and ultra-deepwater drilling projects will fuel the global floating liquefied natural gas market growth. As per the US Energy Information Administration, the oil shock resulted in the decline of crude oil prices in early 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which was one of the lowest since 2003. Also, the prices of the rigs were reduced due to the fewer number of ongoing projects in the oil and gas industry. Sensing profit through low rig rates, some companies are resuming their offshore projects. FLNG vessels provide the advantages of reduced investments and earlier cash flow compared with fixed platforms. The advantages of FLNG vessels make them ideal for offshore activities. Deepwater and ultra-deepwater projects are also far from the mainland; hence, laying an extensive oil and gas pipeline network to transfer the produced hydrocarbons to onshore facilities is too costly. Therefore, FLNG vessels are economical for deepwater and ultra-deepwater projects, as these vessels can treat, liquefy, and store the natural gas extracted from offshore fields. Operators sell the LNG directly from the vessel and generate revenues. Advances in technology allowed exploring gas reserves that were initially uneconomical. This is likely to drive the global FLNG market during the forecast period.

Key Floating Liquefied Natural Gas Market Challenge

Fluctuations in oil and gas prices are major challenges for the global floating liquefied natural gas market growth. The continued trend of low crude oil prices has put additional pressure on the oil and gas service providers. Low-profit margins for a continued period result in reduced revenues, which directly influence the financial aspect of a company. The market potential for oil and gas service businesses has declined due to the low investments in oil and gas projects. As t

TTF Gas fell to 27.92 EUR/MWh on December 3, 2025, down 0.17% from the previous day. Over the past month, TTF Gas's price has fallen 14.22%, and is down 40.94% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. EU Natural Gas - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

This dataset provides values for GASOLINE PRICES reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Crude Oil fell to 59.17 USD/Bbl on December 2, 2025, down 0.25% from the previous day. Over the past month, Crude Oil's price has fallen 3.08%, and is down 15.40% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Crude Oil - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

Gas Station Price Display Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the Global Gas Station Price Display market size was valued at $XXX million in 2024 and is projected to reach $YYY million by 2033, expanding at a CAGR of Z% during 2024–2033. One of the major factors propelling the growth of the gas station price display market globally is the increasing adoption of digital and automated signage solutions, which not only enhance operational efficiency but also improve customer experience by providing real-time, highly visible fuel pricing information. As the fuel retail sector becomes more competitive and consumer-driven, the demand for advanced, reliable, and energy-efficient price display systems is expected to surge, further supported by the ongoing digital transformation across service stations worldwide.

Regional Outlook

North America currently holds the largest share in the global gas station price display market, accounting for approximately XX% of the total market value in 2024. This dominance is primarily attributed to the region’s mature fuel retail industry, widespread adoption of advanced digital technologies, and stringent regulatory standards regarding fuel price transparency and consumer information. The United States, in particular, leads the region with a high density of petrol stations and a strong focus on customer-centric services. The presence of major market players and continuous investments in infrastructure modernization have also contributed to the robust market performance in North America. Furthermore, the region’s early embrace of LED and LCD technologies for signage, coupled with proactive policy support for digital transformation, has solidified its leadership position in the global gas station price display market.

The Asia Pacific region is anticipated to be the fastest-growing market for gas station price displays, projected to register a remarkable CAGR of YY% between 2024 and 2033. This rapid growth is driven by the expansion of fuel retail networks in emerging economies such as China, India, and Southeast Asian countries, where increasing vehicle ownership and urbanization are fueling demand for modern service stations. Significant investments in infrastructure development, coupled with government initiatives aimed at improving road safety and consumer transparency, are further accelerating the adoption of digital price display solutions in the region. Additionally, the competitive landscape in Asia Pacific is evolving rapidly, with both local and international players introducing innovative, cost-effective, and energy-efficient display systems tailored to the unique needs of diverse markets.

In contrast, emerging economies in Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa are experiencing a gradual but steady uptake of gas station price display technologies. While these regions present significant potential for growth, several challenges such as limited access to advanced technologies, budget constraints, and varying regulatory standards have somewhat slowed the pace of adoption. Nonetheless, localized demand is rising as fuel retailers in these markets increasingly recognize the benefits of digital price displays for attracting customers and complying with evolving transparency regulations. Policy reforms aimed at modernizing fuel retail infrastructure and improving service quality are expected to create new opportunities for market players, provided they can address the unique operational and economic challenges present in these regions.

Report Scope

Hungary HU: Natural Gas Price: Non-Household Consumers (NH): Total GJ: incl All Taxes & Levies data was reported at 0.078 EUR/kWh in Jun 2024. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.096 EUR/kWh for Dec 2023. Hungary HU: Natural Gas Price: Non-Household Consumers (NH): Total GJ: incl All Taxes & Levies data is updated semiannually, averaging 0.090 EUR/kWh from Dec 2021 (Median) to Jun 2024, with 6 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.174 EUR/kWh in Dec 2022 and a record low of 0.067 EUR/kWh in Dec 2021. Hungary HU: Natural Gas Price: Non-Household Consumers (NH): Total GJ: incl All Taxes & Levies data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Eurostat. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hungary – Table HU.Eurostat: Natural Gas Price: Non-Household Consumers.

On October 27, 2025, the Brent crude oil price stood at 65.14 U.S. dollars per barrel, compared to 61.31 U.S. dollars for WTI oil and 67.54 U.S. dollars for the OPEC basket. Oil prices rose slightly that week.Europe's Brent crude oil, the U.S. WTI crude oil, and OPEC's basket are three of the most important benchmarks used by traders as reference for global oil and gasoline prices. Lowest ever oil prices during coronavirus pandemic In 2020, the coronavirus pandemic resulted in crude oil prices hitting a major slump as oil demand drastically declined following lockdowns and travel restrictions. Initial outlooks and uncertainty surrounding the course of the pandemic brought about a disagreement between two of the largest oil producers, Russia and Saudi Arabia, in early March. Bilateral talks between global oil producers ended in agreement on April 13th, with promises to cut petroleum output and hopes rising that these might help stabilize the oil price in the coming weeks. However, with storage facilities and oil tankers quickly filling up, fears grew over where to store excess oil, leading to benchmark prices seeing record negative prices between April 20 and April 22, 2020. How crude oil prices are determined As with most commodities, crude oil prices are impacted by supply and demand, as well as inventories and market sentiment. However, as oil is most often traded in future contracts (where a contract is agreed upon while product delivery will follow in the next two to three months), market speculation is one of the principal determinants for oil prices. Traders make conclusions on how production output and consumer demand will likely develop over the coming months, leaving room for uncertainty. Spot prices differ from futures in so far as they reflect the current market price of a commodity.

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Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Market Size 2025-2029

The compressed natural gas (cng) market size is valued to increase by USD 32.28 billion, at a CAGR of 9% from 2024 to 2029. Increase in number of CNG-powered vehicles will drive the compressed natural gas (cng) market.

Market Insights

APAC dominated the market and accounted for a 52% growth during the 2025-2029.
By Application - LDV segment was valued at USD 32.11 billion in 2023
By Source - Non associated gas segment accounted for the largest market revenue share in 2023

Market Size & Forecast

Market Opportunities: USD 90.25 billion 
Market Future Opportunities 2024: USD 32280.00 billion
CAGR from 2024 to 2029 : 9%

Market Summary

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is an alternative fuel derived from the natural gas industry, characterized by its high energy content and environmental benefits. The global CNG market is driven by several factors, including the increasing number of CNG-powered vehicles and the expansion of CNG refueling infrastructure. The supply of natural gas, a primary feedstock for CNG, is another significant factor influencing market growth. Fluctuation in global oil and gas prices plays a crucial role in the adoption of CNG as a transportation fuel. As oil prices rise, the cost competitiveness of CNG increases, making it an attractive alternative for commercial and industrial fleets.
For instance, a logistics company may opt for CNG to power its delivery trucks to optimize its fuel costs and reduce operational expenses. Despite the numerous advantages, the CNG market faces challenges, such as limited refueling infrastructure in certain regions and the high upfront cost of CNG vehicles and infrastructure. To mitigate these challenges, governments and private entities are investing in the development of CNG infrastructure and incentives for CNG vehicle adoption. In summary, the CNG market is witnessing steady growth due to the increasing number of CNG-powered vehicles, expanding refueling infrastructure, and favorable economic conditions.
Companies across various industries, including transportation and logistics, are exploring the use of CNG to improve their operational efficiency and reduce their carbon footprint.

What will be the size of the Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Market during the forecast period?

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Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is an increasingly popular sustainable fuel option for transportation, with its market exhibiting continuous evolution. Renewable gas integration is a significant trend in the CNG sector, as companies seek to reduce their carbon footprint and comply with stringent environmental regulations. For instance, pipeline network expansion enables the integration of biomethane, a renewable gas derived from agricultural waste, into the CNG supply chain. Fuel consumption patterns indicate that CNG offers cost-effectiveness advantages over traditional diesel and gasoline. According to data from the US Department of Energy, the average price of CNG is approximately 50% lower than that of gasoline and 30% lower than diesel.
This cost savings can significantly impact budgeting and product strategy decisions for businesses operating large fleets. Moreover, advancements in fuel dispensing technologies, such as high-pressure CNG compressors and fast-fill stations, enhance operational efficiency improvements. Gas quality monitoring systems ensure consistent fuel quality, while economic feasibility studies and emission reduction targets guide infrastructure development. Safety management systems and regulatory compliance frameworks are essential components of the CNG market, as they ensure network reliability assessment and engine performance metrics meet industry standards. Additionally, hydrogen blending in CNG can improve fuel infrastructure development and energy security implications, making it a promising area for future research.
In conclusion, the CNG market's dynamic nature offers numerous opportunities for businesses to adapt and innovate, from vehicle refueling infrastructure and engine performance to fuel infrastructure development and environmental impact assessment.

Unpacking the Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Market Landscape

The compressed natural gas (CNG) market is evolving as stakeholders focus on infrastructure expansion, vehicle performance, and environmental sustainability. CNG pipeline network expansion plans and CNG infrastructure development strategies are essential for supporting increased adoption, while optimizing CNG refueling station layout and implementing safety features CNG fueling stations ensure operational efficiency and user safety. Maintenance schedules CNG vehicles, CNG vehicle engine performance metrics, and CNG vehicle fuel efficiency improvements contribute to maximizing vehicle reliability and reducing operational costs. Comparing CNG

Hong Kong had the highest prices for premium gasoline (95-RON) on August 4, 2025. That day, prices averaged 3.58 U.S. dollars per liter, which was notably more than in any other country. While oil-rich countries enjoy some of the lowest gasoline prices, drivers in big car markets such as Europe pay around two U.S. dollars per liter.

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Road Transportation Fuel Market Size 2025-2029

The road transportation fuel market size is forecast to increase by USD 308 billion at a CAGR of 6.9% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is experiencing significant growth, driven primarily by the increasing number of automobiles on roads worldwide. This trend is fueled by urbanization, rising disposable income, and improving road infrastructure in developing economies. Another key factor propelling market expansion is the adoption of bio-based and clean fuels, as governments and consumers seek to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the environmental impact of traditional fossil fuels. However, market growth faces challenges. Regulatory hurdles impact the adoption of alternative fuels, as governments and regulatory bodies implement stringent standards and certification processes. Additionally, supply chain inconsistencies temper growth potential, as the production and distribution of bio-based and clean fuels require complex logistical networks and significant investment. Simultaneously, the rising demand for fuel supplies to power these automobiles has become a critical concern. To address this challenge, alternative fuel energy solutions such as electric vehicles and renewable fuel sources are gaining popularity.
Fluctuations in global oil and gas prices further complicate market dynamics, as they can significantly impact the cost competitiveness of various fuel types. Companies seeking to capitalize on market opportunities must navigate these challenges effectively, focusing on regulatory compliance, supply chain optimization, and price competitiveness.

What will be the Size of the Road Transportation Fuel Market during the forecast period?

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The market is experiencing significant dynamics and trends, driven by advancements in fuel efficiency and emissions reduction. Battery range improvement and fuel efficiency standards are pushing automakers to innovate, leading to more fuel-efficient vehicles. Fuel consumption data analysis and fuel performance analysis are crucial for optimizing fleet operations and reducing costs. Fuel blending ratios, fuel additives research, and renewable fuel mandates are shaping the fuel mix, with hydrogen fuel production and biodiesel production gaining traction. Fuel price deregulation and fuel tax reform influence market competition, while fuel infrastructure development and fuel delivery systems ensure reliable supply. Emissions trading and fuel quality control are essential components of the regulatory landscape. These fuels include crude oil derivatives such as gasoline and diesel, as well as alternative fuels like biofuels, compressed natural gas (CNG), aviation turbine fuel (ATF), and synthetic fuels.
Fuel cost management and fleet electrification strategies are key considerations for businesses in the sector. Fuel market intelligence and fuel economy testing provide valuable insights into market trends and consumer preferences. Fuel blending technologies and renewable diesel production are also transforming the industry.

How is this Road Transportation Fuel Industry segmented?

The road transportation fuel industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

End-user

  Gasoline
  Diesel
  Biofuels
  Natural gas


Vehicle Category

  Light-duty vehicles
  Heavy-duty vehicles


Distribution Channel

  Gas stations
  EV charging stations
  Fleet fueling


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    France
    Germany
    Italy
    UK


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan
    South Korea


  Rest of World (ROW)

By End-user Insights

The gasoline segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period. In the road transportation sector, gasoline serves as the primary fuel for powering internal combustion engines in a range of vehicles, including passenger cars, two-wheelers, and light trucks. To ensure optimal performance and engine protection, gasoline must be free from knocking or premature detonation. Consequently, rigorous fuel testing is essential to maintain the required specifications. Any gasoline failing to meet these standards is returned to the refinery for reprocessing. The demand for gasoline is influenced by the number of passenger vehicles and light trucks in operation, with urbanization and rising disposable income driving their adoption. Alternative fuels, such as diesel, biofuels, hydrogen, and electricity, are gaining traction in the market due to environmental concerns and regulatory pressures. Biofuel blends, such as E10 and B20, are becoming increasingly common in the market. Sustainable aviation fuels, liquefied natural gas, and specialty fuels for off-road vehicles