A dataset containing 847934334 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: All data. The dataset includes 847934334 records from 17878 constituent datasets: Please see http://www.gbif.org/occurrence/download/0003034-170925132151566 for full list of all constituents.

The GBIF Backbone Taxonomy is a single, synthetic management classification with the goal of covering all names GBIF is dealing with. It's the taxonomic backbone that allows GBIF to integrate name based information from different resources, no matter if these are occurrence datasets, species pages, names from nomenclators or external sources like EOL, Genbank or IUCN. This backbone allows taxonomic search, browse and reporting operations across all those resources in a consistent way and to provide means to crosswalk names from one source to another.

It is updated regulary through an automated process in which the Catalogue of Life acts as a starting point also providing the complete higher classification above families. Additional scientific names only found in other authoritative nomenclatural and taxonomic datasets are then merged into the tree, thus extending the original catalogue and broadening the backbones name coverage. The GBIF Backbone taxonomy also includes identifiers for Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) drawn from the barcoding resources iBOL and UNITE.

International Barcode of Life project (iBOL), Barcode Index Numbers (BINs). BINs are connected to a taxon name and its classification by taking into account all names applied to the BIN and picking names with at least 80% consensus. If there is no consensus of name at the species level, the selection process is repeated moving up the major Linnaean ranks until consensus is achieved.

UNITE - Unified system for the DNA based fungal species, Species Hypotheses (SHs). SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification based on the determination of the RefS (reference sequence) if present or the RepS (representative sequence). In the latter case, if there is no match in the UNITE taxonomy, the lowest rank with 100% consensus within the SH will be used.

The GBIF Backbone Taxonomy is available for download at https://hosted-datasets.gbif.org/datasets/backbone/ in different formats together with an archive of all previous versions.

The following 105 sources have been used to assemble the GBIF backbone with number of names given in brackets:

• Catalogue of Life Checklist - 4766428 names
• International Barcode of Life project (iBOL) Barcode Index Numbers (BINs) - 635951 names
• UNITE - Unified system for the DNA based fungal species linked to the classification - 611208 names
• The Paleobiology Database - 212054 names
• World Register of Marine Species - 188857 names
• The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera - 183894 names
• The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP) - 131891 names
• GBIF Backbone Taxonomy - 114350 names
• TAXREF - 109374 names
• The Leipzig catalogue of vascular plants - 75380 names
• ZooBank - 73549 names
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) - 68377 names
• Plazi.org taxonomic treatments database - 61346 names
• Genome Taxonomy Database r207 - 60545 names
• International Plant Names Index - 52329 names
• Fauna Europaea - 45077 names
• The National Checklist of Taiwan (Catalogue of Life in Taiwan, TaiCoL) - 36193 names
• Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas - 35892 names
• The Plant List with literature - 32692 names
• United Kingdom Species Inventory (UKSI) - 29643 names
• Artsnavnebasen - 29208 names
• The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species - 21221 names
• Afromoths, online database of Afrotropical moth species (Lepidoptera) - 13961 names
• Brazilian Flora 2020 project - Projeto Flora do Brasil 2020 - 13829 names
• Prokaryotic Nomenclature Up-to-Date (PNU) - 10079 names
• Checklist Dutch Species Register - Nederlands Soortenregister - 8814 names
• ICTV Master Species List (MSL) - 7852 names
• Cockroach Species File - 6020 names
• GRIN Taxonomy - 5882 names
• Taxon list of fungi and fungal-like organisms from Germany compiled by the DGfM - 4570 names
• Catalogue of Afrotropical Bees - 3623 names
• Catalogue of Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera) of North America - 3327 names
• Checklist of Beetles (Coleoptera) of Canada and Alaska. Second Edition. - 3312 names
• Systema Dipterorum - 2850 names
• Catalogue of the Pterophoroidea of the World - 2807 names
• The Clements Checklist - 2675 names
• Taxon list of Hymenoptera from Germany compiled in the context of the GBOL project - 2496 names
• IOC World Bird List, v13.2 - 2366 names
• Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology - 2310 names
• National checklist of all species occurring in Denmark - 1922 names
• Myriatrix - 1876 names
• Database of Vascular Plants of Canada (VASCAN) - 1822 names
• Taxon list of vascular plants from Bavaria, Germany compiled in the context of the BFL project - 1771 names
• Orthoptera Species File - 1742 names
• A list of the terrestrial fungi, flora and fauna of Madeira and Selvagens archipelagos - 1602 names
• Aphid Species File - 1565 names
• World Spider Catalog - 1561 names
• Taxon list of Jurassic Pisces of the Tethys Palaeo-Environment compiled at the SNSB-JME - 1270 names
• Backbone Family Classification Patch - 1143 names
• GBIF Algae Classification - 1100 names
• International Cichorieae Network (ICN): Cichorieae Portal - 975 names
• Psocodea Species File - 803 names
• New Zealand Marine Macroalgae Species Checklist - 787 names
• Annotated checklist of endemic species from the Western Balkans - 754 names
• Taxon list of animals with German names (worldwide) compiled at the SMNS - 503 names
• Catalogue of the Alucitoidea of the World - 472 names
• Lygaeoidea Species File - 462 names
• Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia - 422 names
• GBIF Backbone Patch - 317 names
• Phasmida Species File - 259 names
• Cortinariaceae fetched from the Index Fungorum API - 234 names
• Coreoidea Species File - 233 names
• GTDB supplement - 139 names
• Mantodea Species File - 119 names
• Endemic species in Taiwan - 93 names
• Taxon list of Araneae from Germany compiled in the context of the GBOL project - 88 names
• Species of Hominidae - 78 names
• Taxon list of Sternorrhyncha from Germany compiled in the context of the GBOL project - 77 names
• Taxon list of mosses from Germany compiled in the context of the GBOL project - 75 names
• Mammal Species of the World - 73 names
• Plecoptera Species File - 71 names
• Species Fungorum Plus - 64 names
• Catalogue of the type specimens of Cosmopterigidae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea) from research collections of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences - 47 names
• Species named after famous people - 41 names
• Dermaptera Species File - 36 names
• Taxon list of Trichoptera from Germany compiled in the context of the GBOL project - 34 names
• True Fruit Flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) of the Afrotropical Region - 33 names
• Range and Regularities in the Distribution of Earthworms of the Earthworms of the USSR Fauna. Perel, 1979 - 32 names
• Taxon list of Diplura from Germany compiled in the context of the GBOL project - 30 names
• Lista de referencia de especies de aves de Colombia - 2022 - 24 names
• Taxon list of Auchenorrhyncha from Germany compiled in the context of the GBOL project - 20 names
• Catalogue of the type specimens of Polycestinae (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) from research collections of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences - 19 names
• Taxon list of Thysanoptera from Germany compiled in the context of the GBOL project - 19 names
• Lista de especies de vertebrados registrados en jurisdicción del Departamento del Huila - 18 names
• Taxon list of Microcoryphia (Archaeognatha) from Germany compiled in the context of the GBOL project - 15 names
• Catalogue of the type specimens of Bufonidae and Megophryidae (Amphibia: Anura) from research collections of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences - 12 names
• Grylloblattodea Species File - 11 names
• Coleorrhyncha Species File - 9 names
• Taxon list of liverworts from Germany compiled in the context of the GBOL project - 9 names
• Embioptera Species File - 7 names
• Taxon list of Pisces and Cyclostoma from Germany compiled in the context of the GBOL project - 6 names
• Taxon list of Pteridophyta from Germany compiled in the context of the GBOL project - 6 names
• Taxon list of Siphonaptera from Germany compiled in the context of the GBOL project - 5 names
• The Earthworms of the Fauna of Russia. Perel, 1997 - 5 names
• Taxon list of Zygentoma from Germany compiled in the context of the GBOL project - 4 names
• Asiloid Flies: new taxa of Diptera: Apioceridae, Asilidae, and Mydidae - 3 names
• Taxon list of Protura from Germany compiled in the context of the GBOL project - 3 names
• Taxon list of hornworts from Germany compiled in the context of the GBOL project - 2 names
• Chrysididae Species File - 1 names
• Taxon list of Dermaptera from Germany compiled in the context of the GBOL project - 1 names
• Taxon list of Diplopoda from Germany in the context of the GBOL project - 1 names
• Taxon list of Orthoptera (Grashoppers) from Germany compiled at the SNSB - 1 names
• Taxon list of Pscoptera from Germany compiled in the context of the GBOL project - 1 names
• Taxon list of Pseudoscorpiones from Germany compiled in the context of the GBOL project - 1 names
• Taxon list of Raphidioptera from Germany compiled in the context of the GBOL project - 1 names

A dataset containing 13713635 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "Country is Mexico", "Year 1991-2021" ] } The dataset includes 13713635 records from 2082 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0280617-200613084148143/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.

A dataset containing 13842143 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "Country" : [ "is Mexico" ] } The dataset includes 13842143 records from 2170 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0008022-180508205500799/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.

The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) indexes thousands of biodiversity datasets from Natural History Collections, citizen science initiatives (e.g., iNaturalist, eBird), and other sources. As part of the index process, GBIF associates at least two identifiers with indexed records: a record id (aka gbifID) and a dataset id (aka dataset key). These ids are central to do lookup, reference data, and package interpreted data products.

This publication contains an exhaustive list of GBIF IDs and ids associated by their data providers as derived from:

GBIF.org (01 March 2023) GBIF Occurrence Download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.pk3trq

The resource (size: ~260GB) provided by GBIF had content id hash://sha256/c8bac8acb28c8524c53589b3a40e322dbbbdadf5689fef2e20266fbf6ddf6b97 and was used to generate the resource included in this publication using

preston cat 'zip:hash://sha256/c8bac8acb28c8524c53589b3a40e322dbbbdadf5689fef2e20266fbf6ddf6b97!/0015281-230224095556074.csv'
| cut -f 1,2,3,37,38,39
| gzip\

gbifid.tsv.gz

with the content id of gbifid.tsv.gz (size: ~35GB) being hash://sha256/a339e32e10edaad585f61f2ded06cbb23e0618c65a6360db18d7d729054940a8 .

the first 10 lines of gbifid.tsv.gz as extracted via

preston cat --remote https://zenodo.org/record/7789866/files,https://linker.bio hash://sha256/a339e32e10edaad585f61f2ded06cbb23e0618c65a6360db18d7d729054940a8
| gunzip
| head

are:

gbifID datasetKey occurrenceID institutionCode collectionCode catalogNumber 2997162320 c71c8000-9fc7-422c-804a-ce6abe751771 3399442 CEPEC CEPEC CEPEC00109669 2997162309 c71c8000-9fc7-422c-804a-ce6abe751771 2733085 CEPEC CEPEC CEPEC00000818 2997162317 c71c8000-9fc7-422c-804a-ce6abe751771 2733086 CEPEC CEPEC CEPEC00000888 2997162313 c71c8000-9fc7-422c-804a-ce6abe751771 3399443 CEPEC CEPEC CEPEC00109744 2997162306 c71c8000-9fc7-422c-804a-ce6abe751771 2733087 CEPEC CEPEC CEPEC00000889 2997162316 c71c8000-9fc7-422c-804a-ce6abe751771 3399440 CEPEC CEPEC CEPEC00109605 2997162324 c71c8000-9fc7-422c-804a-ce6abe751771 2733088 CEPEC CEPEC CEPEC00000890 2997162308 c71c8000-9fc7-422c-804a-ce6abe751771 3399441 CEPEC CEPEC CEPEC00109615 2997162303 c71c8000-9fc7-422c-804a-ce6abe751771 2733089 CEPEC CEPEC CEPEC00000891

Note that at time of writing, the html resource associated with the occurrence id 2997162320, and data set key c71c8000-9fc7-422c-804a-ce6abe751771 (extracted from of the first data row example above) are available via:

https://gbif.org/occurrence/2997162320

and

https://gbif.org/dataset/c71c8000-9fc7-422c-804a-ce6abe751771

respectively.

This resource was initially created to help integrate with Bionomia (https://bionomia.net) to help associate people identifiers provided by bionomia to their original records via their GBIF ids. Bionomia re-uses GBIF records ids as a way to define links between records and the people (e.g., curators, collectors, identifiers) that worked on them.

In other words, this resource provides a versioned translation table from the GBIF data universe (as defined by GBIF record ids, and dataset keys) to the data collections that exist (and evolve) independent of it.

Note that the resource identified by hash://sha256/c8bac8acb28c8524c53589b3a40e322dbbbdadf5689fef2e20266fbf6ddf6b97 was not included in this publication it was too big (260GB) to fit. You may be able to retrieve the resource from its original location at https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/request/0015281-230224095556074.zip .

This is a filtered dataset from GBIF including all Apidae observations identified to the species level in the North American range. Data was downloaded using rgbif::occ_download and accessed from R via rgbif (https://github.com/ropensci/rgbif) on 2024-11-10. The original unfiltered GBIF occurrences can be download at https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.5k8kue, and https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/request/0005473-241107131044228.zip. The data is filtered to have coordinates in North America, no geospatial issues, no duplicates across species and coordinates, no coordinate uncertainty greater than 1 kilometer, and no occurrences lying within 1km of a college or university. This dataset is incomplete as it does not include ALL observations that occur in North American countries as observations lacking a continent field of "north_america" in GBIF are not included. The data was uploaded to Zenodo after filtering with the following DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14062444.

A dataset containing 448106297 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "TaxonKey" : [ "is Tracheophyta" ] } The dataset includes 448106297 records from 14250 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0133961-240321170329656/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.

A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { } The dataset includes 0 records from 19278 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0026024-180131172636756/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.

A dataset containing 797279757 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: All data. The dataset includes 797279757 records from 17347 constituent datasets: Please see http://www.gbif.org/occurrence/download/0000865-170822121629195 for full list of all constituents.

A dataset listing the 3315785 species recorded in GBIF matching the query: { } The dataset's 3315785 records were derived from 38237 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0014547-210819072339941/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.zfkuqk Creation Date: 16:36:02 25 July 2025 Records included: 35835 records from 116 published datasets Compressed data size: 3.3 MB Download format: simple tab-separated values (TSV)

A dataset containing 976783221 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: All data. The dataset includes 976783221 records from 19279 constituent datasets: Please see https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/download/0001762-180412121330197 for full list of all constituents.

This data publication contains a versioned archive of records used to extract mammalian trait data for the NSF funded Ranges Project. These data document the origin of the derived mammalian trait data, a core product of the Ranges project.

These records were compiled using the download service of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF, https://gbif.org, [1]) as shown in the table below. Then, the resulting Darwin Core Archives associated with these compiled GBIF records were archived using Preston [2,3], a biodiversity data tracking tool.

The Ranges Project

Ranges is an NSF-funded project that seeks to digitize traits from over one million mammal specimens from 19 natural history museums, with a focus on western North America.

The project will allow researchers to build better baselines for biodiversity and improve predictions of how mammals respond to changing environments to address major digitization challenges, expand the utility of specimens and use them to create new scientific knowledge.

GBIF Download Data Records

A dataset containing 2304867032 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "HasCoordinate is true", "HasGeospatialIssue is false", "OccurrenceStatus is Present", "Year 1981-2022" ] } The dataset includes 2304867032 records from 54943 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0034154-240321170329656/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.

GBIF Data Backbone File -- Smithsonian Gap Analysis Tool; Data download of the GBIF database (https://www.gbif.org/) formatted for use in the Smithsonian Gap Analysis tool

This is a filtered dataset from GBIF including all Papilionidae observations identified to the species level in the North American range. Data was downloaded using rgbif::occ_download and accessed from R via rgbif (https://github.com/ropensci/rgbif) on 2024-11-10. The original unfiltered GBIF occurrences can be download at https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.94su9e, and https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/request/0005495-241107131044228.zip. The data is filtered to have coordinates in North America, no geospatial issues, no duplicates across species and coordinates, no coordinate uncertainty greater than 1 kilometer, and no occurrences lying within 1km of a college or university. This dataset is incomplete as it does not include ALL observations that occur in North American countries as observations lacking a continent field of "north_america" in GBIF are not included. The data was uploaded to Zenodo after filtering with the following DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14062603.

This is a filtered dataset from GBIF including all Noctuidae observations identified to the species level in the North American range. Data was downloaded using rgbif::occ_download and accessed from R via rgbif (https://github.com/ropensci/rgbif) on 2024-11-10. The original unfiltered GBIF occurrences can be download at https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.venjgg, and https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/request/0005491-241107131044228.zip. The data is filtered to have coordinates in North America, no geospatial issues, no duplicates across species and coordinates, no coordinate uncertainty greater than 1 kilometer, and no occurrences lying within 1km of a college or university. This dataset is incomplete as it does not include ALL observations that occur in North American countries as observations lacking a continent field of "north_america" in GBIF are not included. The data was uploaded to Zenodo after filtering with the following DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14062536.

The summer and winter point count routes (“punktrutterna”) are two of several schemes within the Swedish Bird Survey (see below), run by the Department of Biology at Lund University. The point count routes were initiated in 1975 as a standardized method for detecting and reporting changes in the abundance of birds and their distributions in Sweden over time. The point count routes can be surveyed in summer and/or winter.The surveys are initiated and carried out by volunteer ornithologists who use standardized methods to count birds along routes of their own choice.Nearly 3200 point count routes have been surveyed at least once up to and including the year 2024, and approximately 1250 of these have been surveyed during the summer. The dataset presented here is for the summer point count routes.In this dataset, some information is placed in the table ExtendedMeasurementOrFacts (eMoF), which is part of the Source Archive available to download directly from the dataset’s page here on gbif.org. The Source Archive contains the data exactly as uploaded to gbif (verbatim). Should you choose to download the dataset as GBIF Annotated Archive instead, the data has been interpreted and quality controlled by gbif, but, the data in the eMoF will not be included as the eMoF extension is not yet supported by gbif.

A dataset containing 11802847 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "Country is Mexico", "HasCoordinate is true", "HasGeospatialIssue is false" ] } The dataset includes 11802847 records from 1710 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0004164-181108115102211/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.

A dataset containing 24845916 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "or" : [ "PublishingCountry is Colombia", { "and" : [ "Country is Colombia", { "not" : { "Issue" : [ "is Country coordinate mismatch" ] } } ] } ] } The dataset includes 24845916 records from 4348 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0146907-230530130749713/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.