These NCEP FNL (Final) operational global analysis and forecast data are on 0.25-degree by 0.25-degree grids prepared operationally every six hours. This product is from the Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS), which continuously collects observational data from the Global Telecommunications System (GTS), and other sources, for many analyses. The FNLs are made with the same model which NCEP uses in the Global Forecast System (GFS), but the FNLs are prepared about an hour or so after the GFS is initialized. The FNLs are delayed so that more observational data can be used. The GFS is run earlier in support of time critical forecast needs, and uses the FNL from the previous 6 hour cycle as part of its initialization.

The analyses are available on the surface, at 26 mandatory (and other pressure) levels from 1000 millibars to 10 millibars, in the surface boundary layer and at some sigma layers, the tropopause and a few others. Parameters include surface pressure, sea level pressure, geopotential height, temperature, sea surface temperature, soil values, ice cover, relative humidity, u- and v- winds, vertical motion, vorticity and ozone.

The archive time series is continuously extended to a near-current date. It is not maintained in real-time.

The Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) is the system used by the Global Forecast System (GFS) model to place observations into a gridded model space for the purpose of starting, or initializing, weather forecasts with observed data. GDAS adds the following types of observations to a gridded, 3-D, model space: surface observations, balloon data, wind profiler data, aircraft reports, buoy observations, radar observations, and satellite observations. GDAS data are available as both input observations to GDAS and gridded output fields from GDAS. Gridded GDAS output data can be used to start the GFS model. Due to the diverse nature of the assimilated data types, input data are available in a variety of data formats, primarily Binary Universal Form for the Representation of meteorological data (BUFR) and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) binary. The GDAS output is World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Gridded Binary (GRIB).

The NCEP operational Global Data Assimilation System surface flux grids are on a T574 Gaussian global grid. Grids include analysis and forecast time steps at a 3 hourly interval from 0 to 9 hours. Model runs occur at 00, 06, 12, and 18 UTC daily. For real-time data access please use the NCEP data server [http://www.nco.ncep.noaa.gov/pmb/products/gfs/#GDAS].

The Unified Forecast System (UFS) is a community-based, coupled, comprehensive Earth Modeling System. It supports multiple applications with different forecast durations and spatial domains. The Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) Application (App) is being used as the basis for uniting the Global Workflow and Global Forecast System (GFS) model with Joint Effort for Data assimilation Integration (JEDI) capabilities.

The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) use GDAS to interpolate data from various observing systems and instruments onto a three-dimensional grid. GDAS obtains its data through several observation types: surface, balloon, wind profilers, aircraft reports, buoys, radar, and satellite. This gridded output data is then used to initialize the GFS model. GDAS can be used in standalone mode to run forward operators and variational data assimilation (DA) for evaluation/development purposes. In the GDAS App, it supports GFS/GDAS cycled forecasts in the Global Workflow. Currently, GDAS primarily uses GSI for its data assimilation and cycling, but efforts are underway to replace GSI with JEDI.

Data is from NCEP initialized analysis (2x/day). It consists of most variables interpolated to pressure surfaces from model (sigma) surfaces.

This composition appears in the As-Gd-Pd region of phase space. It's relative stability is shown in the As-Gd-Pd phase diagram (left). The relative stability of all other phases at this composition (and the combination of other stable phases, if no compound at this composition is stable) is shown in the relative stability plot (right)

The Global Forecast System (GFS) is a weather forecast model produced by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). Dozens of atmospheric and land-soil variables are available through this dataset, from temperatures, winds, and precipitation to soil moisture and atmospheric ozone concentration. The entire globe is covered by the GFS at a base horizontal resolution of 18 miles (28 kilometers) between grid points, which is used by the operational forecasters who predict weather out to 16 days in the future. Horizontal resolution drops to 44 miles (70 kilometers) between grid point for forecasts between one week and two weeks.

The NOAA Global Forecast Systems (GFS) Warm Start Initial Conditions are produced by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Center (NCEP) to run operational deterministic medium-range numerical weather predictions. The GFS is built with the GFDL Finite-Volume Cubed-Sphere Dynamical Core (FV3) and the Grid-Point Statistical Interpolation (GSI) data assimilation system. Please visit the links below in the Documentation section to find more details about the model and the data assimilation systems. The current operational GFS is run at 64 layers in the vertical extending from the surface to the upper stratosphere and on six cubic-sphere tiles at the C768 or 13-km horizontal resolution. A new version of the GFS that has 127 layers extending to the mesopause will be implemented for operation on February 3, 2021. These initial conditions are made available four times per day for running forecasts at the 00Z, 06Z, 12Z and 18Z cycles, respectively. For each cycle, the dataset contains the first guess of the atmosphere states found in the directory ./gdas.yyyymmdd/hh-6/RESTART, which are 6-hour GDAS forecast from the last cycle, and atmospheric analysis increments and surface analysis for the current cycle found in the directory ./gfs.yyyymmdd/hh, which are produced by the data assimilation systems.

Documentation

https://www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/emc/pages/numerical_forecast_systems/gfs.php

Update Frequency

4 times a day, every 6 hours starting at midnight UTC

License

Open Data. There are no restrictions on the use of this data.

Data obtained from computational DFT calculations on Tetragonal GdAs is provided. Available data include crystal structure, bandgap energy, stability, density of states, and calculation input/output files.

This dataset contains a series of land surface parameters simulated from the Noah 3.6.1 model in the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) Land Data Assimilation System (FLDAS), adapted from Land Information System (LIS7). This dataset contains 23 parameters in a 0.01 degree spatial resolution over the Central Asia region (30-100°E, 21-56°N). This daily dataset spans from October 2000 (Water Year 2001) through present.

This dataset contains a series of land surface parameters simulated from the Noah 3.6.1 model in the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) Land Data Assimilation System (FLDAS), adapted from Land Information System (LIS7). The dataset contains 28 parameters in a 0.10 degree spatial resolution and from January 2019 to present. The temporal resolution is monthly and the spatial coverage is global (60S, 180W, 90N, 180E).

The simulation was forced by a combination of the Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) data and Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station Preliminary (CHIRPS-PRELIM) 6-hourly rainfall data that has been downscaled using the NASA Land Data Toolkit, restarted from CHIRPS-FINAL of the previous month. The simulation was initialized on January 1, 2019 using soil moisture and other state fields from a FLDAS/Noah model climatology for that day of the year.

Data obtained from computational DFT calculations on Hexagonal GdAs is provided. Available data include crystal structure, bandgap energy, stability, density of states, and calculation input/output files.

This data set contains a series of land surface parameters simulated from the Noah 3.3 model in the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) Land Data Assimilation System (FLDAS). The data are in 0.10 degree resolution and range from January 2001 to present. The temporal resolution is monthly and the spatial coverage is Eastern Africa (11.8S, 22.0E, 23.0N, 51.4E). The files are in NetCDF format.

This simulation was forced by a combination of NCEP's Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) data and NOAA CPC Africa Rainfall Estimation Algorithm v2 (RFE2) data.

The simulation was initialized on 1 January 2001 using soil moisture and other state fields from a FLDAS/Noah model climatology for that day of the year.

This data set contains a series of land surface parameters simulated from the VIC model in the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) Land Data Assimilation System (FLDAS). The data are in 0.25 degree resolution and range from January 2001 to present. The temporal resolution is daily and the spatial coverage is Eastern Africa (12.00S, 21.75E, 23.25N, 51.25E). The files are in NetCDF format.

This simulation was forced by a combination of NCEP's Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) data and NOAA CPC Africa Rainfall Estimation Algorithm v2 (RFE2) data.

The simulation was initialized on 1 January 2001 using soil moisture and other state fields from a FLDAS/VIC model climatology for that day of the year.

This series contains datasets related to the forecasting of a severe weather event, a derecho, in Poland on 11 August 2017. The simulations were conducted using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model version 4.2.1 with initial and boundary conditions from Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS). Simulation was performed for two starting hours: at 00:00 and 12:00 UTC. The datasets contain about 280 meteorological parameters stored as 2D or 3D fields in 3 domains with high-spatial (12.5 km, 2.5 km and 0.5 km domains) and temporal (1 hour, 10 minutes, 10 minutes) resolutions. The three-dimensional fields are calculated up to 50 hPa at 50 levels. All data are stored in easily accessible NetCDF files.

Data obtained from computational DFT calculations on Cubic GdAs is provided. Available data include crystal structure, bandgap energy, stability, density of states, and calculation input/output files. This structure was obtained from ICSD (Collection code = 43634)

NASA Global Land Data Assimilation System Version 2 (GLDAS-2) has three components: GLDAS-2.0, GLDAS-2.1, and GLDAS-2.2. GLDAS-2.0 is forced entirely with the Princeton meteorological forcing input data and provides a temporally consistent series from 1948 through 2014. GLDAS-2.1 is forced with a combination of model and observation data from 2000 to present. GLDAS-2.2 product suites use data assimilation (DA), whereas the GLDAS-2.0 and GLDAS-2.1 products are "open-loop" (i.e., no data assimilation). The choice of forcing data, as well as DA observation source, variable, and scheme, vary for different GLDAS-2.2 products. GLDAS-2.1 data products are now available in two production streams: one stream is forced with combined forcing data including GPCP version 1.3 (the main production stream), and the other stream is processed without this forcing data (the early production stream). Since the GPCP Version 1.3 data have a 3-4 month latency, the GLDAS-2.1 data products are first created without it, and are designated as Early Products (EPs), with about 1.5 month latency. Once the GPCP Version 1.3 data become available, the GLDAS-2.1 data products are processed in the main production stream and are removed from the Early Products archive. This data product is an Early Product for GLDAS-2.1 Noah 0.25 degree monthly dataset. The monthly data product was generated through temporal averaging of GLDAS-2.1 Noah 3-hourly data simulated with the Noah Model 3.6 in Land Information System (LIS) Version 7. The data product contains 36 land surface fields from January 2000 to present. The GLDAS-2.1 simulation started on January 1, 2000 using the conditions from the GLDAS-2.0 simulation. This simulation was forced with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) atmospheric analysis fields (Derber et al., 1991), the disaggregated Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) V1.3 Daily Analysis precipitation fields (Adler et al., 2003; Huffman et al., 2001), and the Air Force Weather Agency’s AGRicultural METeorological modeling system (AGRMET) radiation fields. The simulation used with GDAS and GPCP only from 2000 to February 2001, followed by addition of AGRMET for March 1, 2001 onwards. The GLDAS-2.1 products supersede their corresponding GLDAS-1 products. The GLDAS-2.1 data are archived and distributed in NetCDF format.

Global Land Data Assimilation System Version 2 (hereafter, GLDAS-2) has two components: one forced entirely with the Princeton meteorological forcing data (hereafter, GLDAS-2.0), and the other forced with a combination of model and observation based forcing data sets (hereafter, GLDAS-2.1).

This data set, GLDAS-2.1 Noah 1.0 degree 3-hourly, simulated with the Noah Model 3.3 in Land Information System (LIS) Version 7, contains 36 land surface fields from 2000 to present. GLDAS-2.1 simulation is forced by a combination of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Center for Environmental Prediction's Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) atmospheric analysis fields, spatially and temporally disaggregated Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) precipitation fields, and observation based downward shortwave and longwave radiation fields derived using the method of the Air Force Weather Agency's AGRicultural METeorological modeling system (AGRMET). This data set supersedes GLDAS-1 products, in which improvements are made in the use of GPCP and the disaggregation scheme, and quality control for the AGRMET dataset. The GPCP 1-degree Daily (1DD) dataset is used and disaggregated to 3-hourly interval whereas GLDAS-1 used the NOAA Climate Prediction Center Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP) pentad dataset and disaggregated to 6-hourly. The gaps and irregularity in the AGRMET shortwave downward flux are alleviated by additional filtering and bias correction to the Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) dataset. Furthermore, the spatial aggregation scheme of GDAS dataset is revised in GLDAS-2.1.

The simulation started on 1 January 2000 using the conditions from the GLDAS-2.0 simulation and was forced with GDAS and the disaggregated GPCP. The AGRMET radiation forcing is added for 1 March 2001 onwards.

The simulation uses the common GLDAS data sets for land water mask (MOD44W: Carroll et al., 2009) and elevation (GTOPO30), as well as the Noah model default land cover (Modified IGBP MODIS 20-category classification) and soil texture (Hybrid STATSGO/FAO) datasets.

The GLDAS-2.1 data are archived and distributed in NetCDF format.

NASA Global Land Data Assimilation System Version 2 (GLDAS-2) has three components: GLDAS-2.0, GLDAS-2.1, and GLDAS-2.2. GLDAS-2.0 is forced entirely with the Princeton meteorological forcing input data and provides a temporally consistent series from 1948 through 2014. GLDAS-2.1 is forced with a combination of model and observation data from 2000 to present. GLDAS-2.2 product suites use data assimilation (DA), whereas the GLDAS-2.0 and GLDAS-2.1 products are "open-loop" (i.e., no data assimilation). The choice of forcing data, as well as DA observation source, variable, and scheme, vary for different GLDAS-2.2 products. GLDAS-2.1 data products are now available in two production streams: one stream is forced with combined forcing data including GPCP version 1.3 (the main production stream), and the other stream is processed without this forcing data (the early production stream). Since the GPCP Version 1.3 data have a 3-4 month latency, the GLDAS-2.1 data products are first created without it, and are designated as Early Products (EPs), with about 1.5 month latency. Once the GPCP Version 1.3 data become available, the GLDAS-2.1 data products are processed in the main production stream and are removed from the Early Products archive. This data product, reprocessed in January 2020, is for GLDAS-2.1 Noah monthly 1.0 degree data from the main production stream and it is a replacement to its previous version. The monthly data product was generated through temporal averaging of GLDAS-2.1 Noah 3-hourly data simulated with the Noah Model 3.6 in Land Information System (LIS) Version 7. The data product contains 36 land surface fields from January 2000 to present. The GLDAS-2.1 data are archived and distributed in NetCDF format. The GLDAS-2.1 products supersede their corresponding GLDAS-1 products. The GLDAS-2.1 simulation started on January 1, 2000 using the conditions from the GLDAS-2.0 simulation. This simulation was forced with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) atmospheric analysis fields (Derber et al., 1991), the disaggregated Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) V1.3 Daily Analysis precipitation fields (Adler et al., 2003; Huffman et al., 2001), and the Air Force Weather Agency's AGRicultural METeorological modeling system (AGRMET) radiation fields. The simulation used with GDAS and GPCP only from 2000 to February 2001, followed by addition of AGRMET for March 1, 2001 onwards. In October 2020, all 3-hourly and monthly GLDAS-2 data were post-processed with the MOD44W MODIS land mask. Previously, some grid boxes over inland water were considered as over land and, thus, had non-missing values. The post-processing corrected this issue and masked out all model output data over inland water; the post-processing did not affect the meteorological forcing variables. More information can be found in the GLDAS-2 README. The MOD44W MODIS land mask is available on the GLDAS Project site. If you had downloaded the GLDAS data prior to November 2020, please download the data again to receive the post-processed data.

The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS) final (FNL) gridded analysis datasets for the period from Jan 2000 until the current day. The NCEP GFS is a global spectral data assimilation and forecast model system giving 6 hourly (00, 06, 12 and 18 UTC) atmospheric variables at 26 levels with a resolution of .5 degree. The FNL version uses the same GFS model but the analysis is run at 3 hours past synoptic time instead (when more observational data is available), where a shorter (GDAS), 9-hr forecast is run. This 9-hr forecast is presumably of slightly better quality, as its analysis contains more observational information. The GFS model superceeded the AVN model in October 2002. Data is stored under a single folder(fnl) with 6 hourly files Zipped and Tar'd into a single monthly file with the naming convention {gfsYYMM (YY=year, MM=month)}. This archive is updated on a monthly basis.

NASA Global Land Data Assimilation System Version 2 (GLDAS-2) has three components: GLDAS-2.0, GLDAS-2.1, and GLDAS-2.2. GLDAS-2.0 is forced entirely with the Princeton meteorological forcing input data and provides a temporally consistent series from 1948 through 2014. GLDAS-2.1 is forced with a combination of model and observation data from 2000 to present. GLDAS-2.2 product suites use data assimilation (DA), whereas the GLDAS-2.0 and GLDAS-2.1 products are "open-loop" (i.e., no data assimilation). The choice of forcing data, as well as DA observation source, variable, and scheme, vary for different GLDAS-2.2 products. GLDAS-2.1 data products are now available in two production streams: one stream is forced with combined forcing data including GPCP version 1.3 (the main production stream), and the other stream is processed without this forcing data (the early production stream). Since the GPCP Version 1.3 data have a 3-4 month latency, the GLDAS-2.1 data products are first created without it, and are designated as Early Products (EPs), with about 1.5 month latency. Once the GPCP Version 1.3 data become available, the GLDAS-2.1 data products are processed in the main production stream and are removed from the Early Products archive. This data product is an Early Product for GLDAS-2.1 Catchment 1.0 degree 3-hourly dataset. The GLDAS-2.1 3 hourly 1.0 degree product was simulated with the Catchment-F2.5 Land Surface Model in Land Information System (LIS) Version 7. The data product contains 34 land surface fields from January 2000 to present. The GLDAS-2.1 simulation started on January 1, 2000 using the conditions from the GLDAS-2.0 simulation. This simulation was forced with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) atmospheric analysis fields (Derber et al., 1991), the disaggregated Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) V1.3 Daily Analysis precipitation fields (Adler et al., 2003; Huffman et al., 2001), and the Air Force Weather Agency's AGRicultural METeorological modeling system (AGRMET) radiation fields. The simulation used with GDAS and GPCP only from 2000 to February 2001, followed by addition of AGRMET for March 1, 2001 onwards. The GLDAS-2.1 products supersede their corresponding GLDAS-1 products. The GLDAS-2.1 data are archived and distributed in NetCDF format.