The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) In the Euro Area expanded 1.50 percent in the first quarter of 2025 over the same quarter of the previous year. This dataset provides - Euro Area GDP Annual Growth Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

According to projections by a range of economic institutions, the economy of the Euro currency area is forecast to grow by between 0.5 percent and 1.2 percent in 2024. The Eurozone saw slow growth in 2023, when it grew by 0.7 percent - albeit this was significantly better than many economic forecasts which predicted a recession in the EU in that year. Across all the forecasts included, growth is expected to pick up in 2025, when the Eurozone's economy is expected to grow between 1.4 and 1.8 percent.

Serbia’s gross domestic product advanced by 1% year-on-year in the third quarter of 2022, following a downwardly revised 3.8 % rise in the previous three-month period. It marks the fifth consecutive quarter of decelerating growth and the weakest growth rate since the last quarter of 2020, amid fading low-base effects and on the back of deteriorating global economic conditions. Household consumption slowed down (3.1% vs 3.8% in Q2) while both government spending (-4.5% vs 4.6%) and fixed investment (-2.2% vs 1.8%) decreased. Meanwhile, net external demand contributed positively to the GDP, as exports (14.9% vs 20.7% in Q3) advanced much faster than imports (7.8% vs 20.2%). On a seasonally adjusted quarterly basis, the Serbian economy contracted by 0.7%, compared to a 1.2% expansion in the previous quarter. GDP Annual Growth Rate in Serbia averaged 3.25 percent from 1997 until 2022, reaching an all time high of 26.20 percent in the second quarter of 2000 and a record low of -21.50 percent in the second quarter of 1999. This page provides - Serbia GDP Annual Growth Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

505 Economics is on a mission to make academic economics accessible. We've developed the first monthly sub-national GDP data for EU and UK regions from January 2015 onwards.

Our GDP dataset uses luminosity as a proxy for GDP. The brighter a place, the more economic activity that place tends to have.

We produce the data using high-resolution night time satellite imagery and Artificial Intelligence.

This builds on our academic research at the London School of Economics, and we're producing the dataset in collaboration with the European Space Agency BIC UK.

We have published peer-reviewed academic articles on the usage of luminosity as an accurate proxy for GDP.

Key features:

• Granular: Data is provided at the following geographical units:
  • NUTS3 (e.g. London Boroughs),
  • NUTS2 (e.g. London),
  • NUTS1 (e.g. England), and
  • NUTS0 (e.g. United Kingdom) levels.
• Frequent: Data is provided every month from January 2015. This is more frequent than the annualised official datasets.
• Timely: Data is provided with a one month lag (i.e. the data for January 2021 was published at the end of February 2021). This is substantially quicker than the 18 month lag of official datasets.
• Accurate: Our dataset uses Deep Learning to maximise accuracy (RMSE 1.2%).

The dataset can be used by:

• Governments and policy makers - to monitor the performance of local economies, to measure the localised impact of policies, and to get a real-time indication of economic activity.
• Financial services - to get an indication of national-level GDP before official GDP statistics are released
• Engineering companies - to monitor and evaluate the localised impact of infrastructure projects
• Consultancies - to forecast the localised impact of specific projects, to retrospectively monitor and evaluate the localised impact of existing projects
• Economics firms - to create macro forecasts at the national and sub-national level, to assess the impact of policy interventions.
• Academia / Think Tanks - to conduct novel research at the local level. E.g. our dataset can be used to measure the impact of localised COVID-19 lockdowns.

We have created this dataset for all UK sub-national regions, 28 EU Countries and Switzerland.

505 Economics is on a mission to make academic economics accessible. We've developed the first monthly sub-national GDP data for EU and UK regions from January 2015 onwards.

Our GDP dataset uses luminosity as a proxy for GDP. The brighter a place, the more economic activity that place tends to have.

We produce the data using high-resolution night time satellite imagery and Artificial Intelligence.

This builds on our academic research at the London School of Economics, and we're producing the dataset in collaboration with the European Space Agency BIC UK.

We have published peer-reviewed academic articles on the usage of luminosity as an accurate proxy for GDP.

Key features:

• Granular: Data is provided at the following geographical units:
  • NUTS3 (e.g. Barcelona),
  • NUTS2 (e.g. Cataluna),
  • NUTS1 (e.g. Este), and
  • NUTS0 (e.g. Spain) levels.
• Frequent: Data is provided every month from January 2015. This is more frequent than the annualised official datasets.
• Timely: Data is provided with a one month lag (i.e. the data for January 2021 was published at the end of February 2021). This is substantially quicker than the 18 month lag of official datasets.
• Accurate: Our dataset uses Deep Learning to maximise accuracy (RMSE 1.2%).

The dataset can be used by:

• Governments and policy makers - to monitor the performance of local economies, to measure the localised impact of policies, and to get a real-time indication of economic activity.
• Financial services - to get an indication of national-level GDP before official GDP statistics are released
• Engineering companies - to monitor and evaluate the localised impact of infrastructure projects
• Consultancies - to forecast the localised impact of specific projects, to retrospectively monitor and evaluate the localised impact of existing projects
• Economics firms - to create macro forecasts at the national and sub-national level, to assess the impact of policy interventions.
• Academia / Think Tanks - to conduct novel research at the local level. E.g. our dataset can be used to measure the impact of localised COVID-19 lockdowns.

We have created this dataset for all UK sub-national regions, 28 EU Countries and Switzerland.

Companies operating in the third-party real estate industry have had to navigate numerous economic headwinds in recent years, notably rising interest rates, spiralling inflation and muted economic growth. Revenue is projected to sink at a compound annual rate of 0.6% over the five years through 2025, including an estimated jump of 1.2% in 2025 to €207.6 billion, while the average industry profit margin is forecast to reach 35.1%. Amid spiralling inflation, central banks across Europe ratcheted up interest rates, resulting in borrowing costs skyrocketing over the two years through 2023. In residential markets, elevated mortgage rates combined with tightening credit conditions eventually ate into demand, inciting a drop in house prices. Rental markets performed well when house prices were elevated (2021-2023), being the cheaper alternative for cash-strapped buyers. However, even lessors felt the pinch of rising mortgage rates, forcing them to hoist rent prices to cover costs and pricing out potential buyers. This led to a slowdown in rental markets in 2023, weighing on revenue growth. However, this has started to turn around in 2025 as interest rates have been falling across Europe in the two years through 2025, reducing borrowing costs for buyers and boosting property transactions. This has helped revenue to rebound slightly in 2025 as estate agents earn commission from property transactions. Revenue is forecast to swell at a compound annual rate of 3.7% over the five years through 2030 to €249.5 billion. Housing prices are recovering in 2025 as fixed-rate mortgages begin to drop and economic uncertainty subsides, aiding revenue growth in the short term. Over the coming years, PropTech—technology-driven innovations designed to improve and streamline the real estate industry—will force estate agents to adapt, shaking up the traditional real estate sector. A notable application of PropTech is the use of AI and data analytics to predict a home’s future value and speed up the process of retrofitting properties to become more sustainable.

Sweden's military expenditure as a share of its gross domestic product (GDP) was around one percent from 2011 to 2019. However, it has increased since, reaching 1.5 percent in 2023. The country's total military expenditure amounted to 78 billion Swedish kronor in 2022.

Commercial Printing Market Outlook

The global commercial printing market size was valued at USD 433.79 billion in 2023 and is expected to reach USD 484.56 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 1.2% during the forecast period. This modest yet consistent growth is driven by factors such as technological advancements in the printing industry, increasing demand for efficient and cost-effective printing solutions, and the continuous need for printed materials in various sectors despite the rise of digital media.

One of the primary growth factors for the commercial printing market is the extensive use of printed materials in advertising and promotional activities. With businesses constantly striving to stand out in a competitive market, the demand for high-quality printed advertisements, brochures, and promotional materials remains robust. Innovations in printing technologies, such as digital printing, have made it possible to produce high-quality prints quickly and cost-effectively, further boosting market growth.

Another significant growth driver is the packaging industry. The rise in e-commerce has led to an increased demand for packaging materials, which often require high-quality printing for brand recognition and consumer appeal. The trend towards sustainable and eco-friendly packaging has also prompted manufacturers to adopt advanced printing techniques that minimize waste and environmental impact. This shift not only caters to growing consumer preferences for sustainable products but also enhances brand reputation.

Digital Printing for Advertising has revolutionized the way businesses approach their marketing strategies. With the ability to produce high-quality, customized prints quickly and cost-effectively, digital printing enables companies to create targeted advertising materials that resonate more effectively with their audience. This technology allows for the integration of variable data, making it possible to personalize advertisements for individual consumers, thereby increasing engagement and conversion rates. The flexibility and efficiency of digital printing have made it an indispensable tool for advertisers looking to stand out in a crowded market. As businesses continue to seek innovative ways to capture consumer attention, digital printing for advertising is set to play a pivotal role in shaping the future of marketing.

The publishing industry, although facing challenges from digital media, continues to contribute to the commercial printing market. Books, magazines, and educational materials still require high-quality printing solutions. Moreover, the rise in self-publishing and print-on-demand services has opened new avenues for growth, making it easier for authors and publishers to produce printed content economically and efficiently.

Regionally, the Asia Pacific market holds significant potential, driven by robust economic growth and increasing industrialization. Countries like China and India are experiencing rapid expansion in various sectors, including retail, advertising, and education, which in turn fuels the demand for commercial printing. North America and Europe remain strong markets due to their established printing industries and ongoing technological advancements, while emerging markets in Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also expected to witness steady growth as they modernize their printing infrastructures.

Technology Analysis

Offset lithography remains one of the most widely used printing technologies in the commercial printing market. This process is favored for its high-quality output and cost-effectiveness, especially for large-volume printing jobs. Offset lithography uses plates to transfer images onto a rubber blanket, which then rolls the image onto the printing surface. This technology's ability to produce consistent, high-quality prints makes it ideal for applications like newspapers, magazines, brochures, and packaging. The continued demand for high-volume print jobs in the advertising and publishing sectors ensures the sustained relevance of offset lithography in the market.

Digital printing, on the other hand, is gaining significant traction due to its flexibility and efficiency for short-run printing jobs. Unlike traditional methods, digital printing does not require printing plates, allowing for quick turnaround times and the ability to easily accommodate variable data printing. This technology is particularly popular

Indonesia Import: Volume: Other Bars&Rods of Iron,not Further Worked than Forged,Hot-Rolled;of Rectangular/Oth than Square Cross-Section;Weight<0.6% Carbon;Weight≥ 0.17% But ≤0.46% of Carbon and ≥ 1.2% But < 1.65% of Manganese data was reported at 0.033 kg mn in Dec 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.069 kg mn for Sep 2023. Indonesia Import: Volume: Other Bars&Rods of Iron,not Further Worked than Forged,Hot-Rolled;of Rectangular/Oth than Square Cross-Section;Weight<0.6% Carbon;Weight≥ 0.17% But ≤0.46% of Carbon and ≥ 1.2% But < 1.65% of Manganese data is updated monthly, averaging 0.025 kg mn from Jan 2020 (Median) to Dec 2023, with 15 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.087 kg mn in Feb 2023 and a record low of 0.000 kg mn in Oct 2022. Indonesia Import: Volume: Other Bars&Rods of Iron,not Further Worked than Forged,Hot-Rolled;of Rectangular/Oth than Square Cross-Section;Weight<0.6% Carbon;Weight≥ 0.17% But ≤0.46% of Carbon and ≥ 1.2% But < 1.65% of Manganese data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistics Indonesia. The data is categorized under Indonesia Premium Database’s Foreign Trade – Table ID.JAH170: Foreign Trade: by HS 8 Digits: Import: HS72: Iron and Steel.

505 Economics is on a mission to make academic economics accessible. We've developed the first monthly sub-national GDP data for EU and UK regions from January 2015 onwards.

Our GDP dataset uses luminosity as a proxy for GDP. The brighter a place, the more economic activity that place tends to have.

We produce the data using high-resolution night time satellite imagery and Artificial Intelligence.

This builds on our academic research at the London School of Economics, and we're producing the dataset in collaboration with the European Space Agency BIC UK.

We have published peer-reviewed academic articles on the usage of luminosity as an accurate proxy for GDP.

Key features:

• Granular: Data is provided at the following geographical units:
  • NUTS3 (e.g. Provinces),
  • NUTS2 (e.g. Regions),
  • NUTS1 (e.g. Macroregions), and
  • NUTS0 (e.g. Italy) levels.
• Frequent: Data is provided every month from January 2015. This is more frequent than the annualised official datasets.
• Timely: Data is provided with a one month lag (i.e. the data for January 2021 was published at the end of February 2021). This is substantially quicker than the 18 month lag of official datasets.
• Accurate: Our dataset uses Deep Learning to maximise accuracy (RMSE 1.2%).

The dataset can be used by:

• Governments and policy makers - to monitor the performance of local economies, to measure the localised impact of policies, and to get a real-time indication of economic activity.
• Financial services - to get an indication of national-level GDP before official GDP statistics are released
• Engineering companies - to monitor and evaluate the localised impact of infrastructure projects
• Consultancies - to forecast the localised impact of specific projects, to retrospectively monitor and evaluate the localised impact of existing projects
• Economics firms - to create macro forecasts at the national and sub-national level, to assess the impact of policy interventions.
• Academia / Think Tanks - to conduct novel research at the local level. E.g. our dataset can be used to measure the impact of localised COVID-19 lockdowns.

We have created this dataset for all UK sub-national regions, 28 EU Countries and Switzerland.

Companies operating in the third-party real estate industry have had to navigate numerous economic headwinds in recent years, notably rising interest rates, spiralling inflation and muted economic growth. Revenue is projected to sink at a compound annual rate of 0.6% over the five years through 2025, including an estimated jump of 1.2% in 2025 to €207.6 billion, while the average industry profit margin is forecast to reach 35.1%. Amid spiralling inflation, central banks across Europe ratcheted up interest rates, resulting in borrowing costs skyrocketing over the two years through 2023. In residential markets, elevated mortgage rates combined with tightening credit conditions eventually ate into demand, inciting a drop in house prices. Rental markets performed well when house prices were elevated (2021-2023), being the cheaper alternative for cash-strapped buyers. However, even lessors felt the pinch of rising mortgage rates, forcing them to hoist rent prices to cover costs and pricing out potential buyers. This led to a slowdown in rental markets in 2023, weighing on revenue growth. However, this has started to turn around in 2025 as interest rates have been falling across Europe in the two years through 2025, reducing borrowing costs for buyers and boosting property transactions. This has helped revenue to rebound slightly in 2025 as estate agents earn commission from property transactions. Revenue is forecast to swell at a compound annual rate of 3.7% over the five years through 2030 to €249.5 billion. Housing prices are recovering in 2025 as fixed-rate mortgages begin to drop and economic uncertainty subsides, aiding revenue growth in the short term. Over the coming years, PropTech—technology-driven innovations designed to improve and streamline the real estate industry—will force estate agents to adapt, shaking up the traditional real estate sector. A notable application of PropTech is the use of AI and data analytics to predict a home’s future value and speed up the process of retrofitting properties to become more sustainable.

Companies operating in the third-party real estate industry have had to navigate numerous economic headwinds in recent years, notably rising interest rates, spiralling inflation and muted economic growth. Revenue is projected to sink at a compound annual rate of 0.6% over the five years through 2025, including an estimated jump of 1.2% in 2025 to €207.6 billion, while the average industry profit margin is forecast to reach 35.1%. Amid spiralling inflation, central banks across Europe ratcheted up interest rates, resulting in borrowing costs skyrocketing over the two years through 2023. In residential markets, elevated mortgage rates combined with tightening credit conditions eventually ate into demand, inciting a drop in house prices. Rental markets performed well when house prices were elevated (2021-2023), being the cheaper alternative for cash-strapped buyers. However, even lessors felt the pinch of rising mortgage rates, forcing them to hoist rent prices to cover costs and pricing out potential buyers. This led to a slowdown in rental markets in 2023, weighing on revenue growth. However, this has started to turn around in 2025 as interest rates have been falling across Europe in the two years through 2025, reducing borrowing costs for buyers and boosting property transactions. This has helped revenue to rebound slightly in 2025 as estate agents earn commission from property transactions. Revenue is forecast to swell at a compound annual rate of 3.7% over the five years through 2030 to €249.5 billion. Housing prices are recovering in 2025 as fixed-rate mortgages begin to drop and economic uncertainty subsides, aiding revenue growth in the short term. Over the coming years, PropTech—technology-driven innovations designed to improve and streamline the real estate industry—will force estate agents to adapt, shaking up the traditional real estate sector. A notable application of PropTech is the use of AI and data analytics to predict a home’s future value and speed up the process of retrofitting properties to become more sustainable.

The Bisphenol F (BPF) market, valued at $73 million in 2025, exhibits a modest Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 1.2% from 2025 to 2033. This relatively low growth rate suggests a mature market, potentially influenced by established players like Honshu Chemical Industry, Daelim Chemical, GCI, Huntsman, Olin, and Sichuan EM Technology. While the market is not experiencing explosive growth, several factors contribute to its sustained performance. Increasing demand from the epoxy resins sector, driven by the construction and automotive industries, provides a stable foundation for BPF consumption. Furthermore, the growing preference for BPF over Bisphenol A (BPA) due to its lower toxicity profile is a key driver. However, the market faces challenges. Fluctuations in raw material prices, particularly those of phenol and formaldehyde, can impact profitability. Moreover, the emergence of alternative flame retardants and epoxy curing agents might exert some pressure on market growth in the long term. Competition among existing manufacturers is likely intense, focusing on pricing strategies and product differentiation based on purity and application-specific formulations. Regional variations in growth are expected, potentially influenced by factors like regional economic growth and stricter environmental regulations. The forecast period (2025-2033) indicates a gradual expansion of the BPF market, with incremental gains driven by existing applications and potential penetration into niche markets. Strategic alliances and technological advancements aimed at enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of BPF production will be crucial for manufacturers to maintain competitiveness. Companies are expected to invest in research and development to explore new applications for BPF and potentially create higher-margin products. Overall, the BPF market presents a steady investment opportunity, albeit one with modest growth prospects, requiring a focus on efficiency, innovation, and strategic market positioning to secure market share and profitability.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global Dissolved Acetylene Market size is USD 10251.2 million in 2024 and will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.00% from 2024 to 2031.

North America held the major market, accounting for more than 40% of global revenue. With a market size of USD 4100.48 million in 2024, it will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 1.2% from 2024 to 2031.
Europe accounted for a share of over 30% of the global market size of USD 3075.36 million.
Asia Pacific held the market of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 2357.78 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.0% from 2024 to 2031.
The Latin American market will account for more than 5% of global revenue and have a market size of USD 512.56 million in 2024. It will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2.4% from 2024 to 2031.
Middle East and Africa held the major market of around 2% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 205.02 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2.7% from 2024 to 2031.
The Automotive held the highest Dissolved Acetylene Market revenue share in 2024

Market Dynamics of Dissolved Acetylene Market

Key Drivers for Dissolved Acetylene Market

Increasing Infrastructure Development Projects Globally are Fueling the Demand for Dissolved Acetylene

The increasing number of infrastructure development projects worldwide is driving the demand for dissolved acetylene in welding and cutting applications. As these projects expand, there is a heightened need for efficient and precise metal fabrication, repair, and construction processes, where dissolved acetylene plays a crucial role. Its ability to produce high temperatures in combination with oxygen makes it indispensable for welding and cutting various metals. Consequently, the rising demand for dissolved acetylene is directly correlated with the growth of infrastructure projects, as it becomes an essential component in meeting the demands of modern construction and development endeavors.

Government Initiatives Promoting Industrialization and Infrastructure Development are Driving Market Expansion Globally

Government initiatives promoting industrialization and infrastructure development globally serve as key drivers for the expansion of the dissolved acetylene market. These initiatives typically include incentives, subsidies, and policies aimed at stimulating economic growth and enhancing industrial capabilities. By prioritizing infrastructure projects and supporting industrial sectors, governments create a conducive environment for increased demand for dissolved acetylene, especially in the construction, manufacturing, and automotive industries. Such initiatives foster investment opportunities, encourage innovation, and propel the adoption of acetylene-based technologies, thereby fueling market growth and contributing to the overall economic advancement of nations.

Restraint Factor for the Dissolved Acetylene Market

Limited Availability of Skilled Personnel Capable of Handling Acetylene Safely and Efficiently Presents a Restraint in the Market

The limited availability of skilled personnel proficient in safely handling acetylene is a significant restraint on the market. Acetylene, due to its highly volatile nature, requires specialized knowledge and training for safe storage, transportation, and usage. The need for more adequately trained personnel hampers industry operations, potentially leading to safety hazards and operational inefficiencies. With skilled individuals capable of mitigating risks associated with acetylene handling, companies can ensure compliance with safety regulations and maintain optimal production processes. Consequently, the need for more skilled personnel acts as a bottleneck, impeding the widespread adoption and growth of the dissolved acetylene market.

Impact of Covid-19 on the Dissolved Acetylene Market

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the dissolved acetylene market in several ways. Disruptions in supply chains, restrictions on movement, and decreased industrial activities during lockdowns led to reduced demand for acetylene across various sectors. Manufacturing shutdowns and reduced construction activities further dampened market growth. Additionally, stringent safety protocols and social distancing measures impeded operations in acetylene production and distribution faci...

Companies operating in the third-party real estate industry have had to navigate numerous economic headwinds in recent years, notably rising interest rates, spiralling inflation and muted economic growth. Revenue is projected to sink at a compound annual rate of 0.6% over the five years through 2025, including an estimated jump of 1.2% in 2025 to €207.6 billion, while the average industry profit margin is forecast to reach 35.1%. Amid spiralling inflation, central banks across Europe ratcheted up interest rates, resulting in borrowing costs skyrocketing over the two years through 2023. In residential markets, elevated mortgage rates combined with tightening credit conditions eventually ate into demand, inciting a drop in house prices. Rental markets performed well when house prices were elevated (2021-2023), being the cheaper alternative for cash-strapped buyers. However, even lessors felt the pinch of rising mortgage rates, forcing them to hoist rent prices to cover costs and pricing out potential buyers. This led to a slowdown in rental markets in 2023, weighing on revenue growth. However, this has started to turn around in 2025 as interest rates have been falling across Europe in the two years through 2025, reducing borrowing costs for buyers and boosting property transactions. This has helped revenue to rebound slightly in 2025 as estate agents earn commission from property transactions. Revenue is forecast to swell at a compound annual rate of 3.7% over the five years through 2030 to €249.5 billion. Housing prices are recovering in 2025 as fixed-rate mortgages begin to drop and economic uncertainty subsides, aiding revenue growth in the short term. Over the coming years, PropTech—technology-driven innovations designed to improve and streamline the real estate industry—will force estate agents to adapt, shaking up the traditional real estate sector. A notable application of PropTech is the use of AI and data analytics to predict a home’s future value and speed up the process of retrofitting properties to become more sustainable.

Market Analysis for Direction Turning Films (DTF) The global Direction Turning Films (DTF) market is projected to grow from USD 2.5 million in 2025 to USD 3.2 million by 2033, exhibiting a CAGR of 1.2% during the forecast period. The market is driven by the increasing demand for LEDs in various applications, including lighting, avionics, and traffic signs. The rising adoption of LCD backlighting in consumer electronics is also expected to contribute to market growth. Key drivers include government regulations promoting energy efficiency, increasing urbanization, and the growing popularity of smart cities. Regionally, Asia Pacific is expected to dominate the DTF market, followed by North America and Europe. China is the largest consumer of DTFs, accounting for a significant share of the market in Asia Pacific. The region's rapid economic growth, urbanization, and increasing disposable income are key factors driving market expansion. North America is also a key market for DTFs due to the strong demand for LED lighting and avionics. The region is home to major manufacturers of DTFs, such as Luminit. The European market is expected to grow steadily during the forecast period, driven by increasing government support for energy-efficient technologies and the growing adoption of LEDs in various applications.

Risk and loss assessment is closely linked to the insurance industry. In addition to risk and loss assessment in insurance cases, it also handles the entire claims settlement process for insurance companies in some cases. Average annual sales growth of 3.1% is forecast for the industry for the period from 2019 to 2024. IBISWorld expects turnover of 604.6 million euros for 2024. This corresponds to an increase of 1.2% compared to the previous year. This is due to the tendency of insurance companies to outsource more processes to external service providers.Since the end of the financial crisis, the German economy has been growing. This has led to a favourable consumer climate. In this stable economic environment, many companies have increased their business activities and expanded, which has led to more insurance policies being taken out and at the same time to more insurance claims. This increased the demand for risk and loss estimates. At the same time, more and more insurers were under strong cost pressure and were forced to reduce their fixed costs. Among other things, claims settlement was therefore outsourced in full or in part. In the context of the coronavirus pandemic, however, the consumer climate was weakened by the economic restrictions and there were fewer accidents requiring a claims assessment in the meantime. Despite a slight recovery, the consumer climate is also suffering in the current year due to the war in Ukraine and high inflation.For the period from 2024 to 2029, IBISWorld forecasts average annual growth of 1.6% and industry turnover of 654 million euros in 2029. The economic impact of the pandemic is likely to be barely noticeable and will have decreased significantly compared to previous years. This is also likely to have an impact on demand for insurance. As economic activity increases, so does the probability of industrial accidents and thus the demand for risk and loss assessments. However, despite a slight reduction in June 2024, the European Central Bank's key interest rate will remain at a high level in the current year in order to further counteract high inflation. This is likely to ease the cost pressure on insurers somewhat in the coming years and have a negative impact on demand for the industry's services.

Key information about House Prices Growth

• Turkey house prices grew 29.4% YoY in Dec 2024, following an increase of 29.4% YoY in the previous month.
• YoY growth data is updated monthly, available from Jan 2011 to Dec 2024, with an average growth rate of 12.4%.
• House price data reached an all-time high of 186.8% in Oct 2022 and a record low of 1.2% in Jun 2019.

Companies operating in the third-party real estate industry have had to navigate numerous economic headwinds in recent years, ranging from rising interest rates, spiralling inflation and muted economic growth. Typically, estate agents can earn income via fees and commissions charged to clients, which allows them to protect their operating profit margin from property price fluctuations. Revenue is projected to sink at a compound annual rate of 0.6% over the five years through 2025, including an estimated rise of 1.2% in 2025 to €207.6billion, while the average industry profit margin is forecast to reach 35.1%. Amid spiralling inflation, central banks across Europe ratcheted up interest rates, resulting in borrowing costs skyrocketing in the two years through 2023. In residential markets, elevated mortgage rates combined with tightening credit conditions eventually ate into demand, inciting a drop in house prices. Rental markets performed well when house prices were elevated, being the cheaper alternative for cash-strapped buyers. However, even lessors felt the pinch of rising mortgage rates, forcing them to hoist rent to cover costs and pricing out potential buyers. This led to a slowdown in rental markets in 2023, weighing on revenue growth. However, this have started to turn around in 2025 as interest rates have been falling across Europe in the two years through 2025, reducing borrowing costs for buyers and boosting property transactions. This has helped revenue to rebound slightly in 2025 as estate agents earn commission from property transactions. Revenue is forecast to swell at a compound annual rate of 3.7% over the five years through 2030 to €249.5 billion. Housing prices are recovering in 2025 as fixed-rate mortgages begin to drop and economic uncertainty subsides, aiding revenue growth in the short term. Over the coming years, Proptech, which has been heavily invested in, will force estate agents to adapt, shaking up the traditional real estate industry. A notable application of Proptech is the use of AI and data analytics to predict a home’s future value and speed up the process of retrofitting properties to become more sustainable.

The global pacemaker market was valued at USD 4.95 billion in 2022 and will reach USD 6.67 billion by 2030, registering a CAGR of 3.8 % for the forecast period 2023-2030. Factors Affecting Pacemakers Market Growth

Rising demand for implantable pacemakers:

The rise in the demand for implantable pacemakers to improve patient outcomes for the various pacemaker implantations has widely increased and it is due to the improvement of minimally invasive procedures as well as the increase in the burden of cardiovascular disorders which increased the demand for implantable pacemakers. According to Drugs & Diseases, in April 2021, it was reported that the permanent pacemaker insertion technique is considered a minimally invasive procedure. Thus, the rise in demand for minimally invasive surgical procedures and the increase in the adoption of cardiac surgical procedures such as endocardial or epicardial for the implantation of pacemakers drive the growth of the global market.

Increase in healthcare spending: 

The development of healthcare infrastructure as well as the increase in healthcare spending expands the demand for pacemakers, which boosts the growth of the market. For instance, in February 2021, the government increased healthcare spending from 1.2% to 2.5% of GDP in India, which was planned to be invested in the modernization and creation of healthcare infrastructure.

An increase in the elderly population:

An increase in the elderly population is anticipated to boost market expansion because older people are more susceptible to cardiovascular illnesses. This is explained by the fact that older persons are utterly defenseless against cardiovascular diseases. Continuously rising incidences of CVDs (cardiovascular diseases) in old age people also drive the market growth. According to the AHA (American Heart Association), CVD caused 868,662 deaths in 2017. In 2018, in the U.S, CHD (coronary heart disease) was the primary cause of death (42.1%), followed by stroke (17.0%), high BP (11.0%), Cardiac failure (9.6%), arterial diseases (2.9%), and other CVDs (17.4%).

The Restraining Factor of Pacemakers:

High cost of pacemaker implantation and risk associated with it:

High cost of pacemaker implantation procedure and risk associated with pacemakers such as infection at the site of surgery, pneumothorax, bradycardia, blood clots, air leakage, Twiddler’s Syndrome, bleeding as well as high cost of product recall due to the malfunctioning of devices are expected to restrict the market growth during the forecast period.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Pacemakers market:

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the lifestyle of the population across the world and the lockdowns adversely impacted the industrial processes across all sectors. COVID-19 has negatively impacted the healthcare industry as well as the clinical gadgets industry. The pacemakers market suffered vastly from the cancellation or postponement of the cardiovascular surgeries which resulted in weak sales of the pacemakers. These factors hindered the market growth significantly. For instance, according to the American Heart Association, the covid has impacted 185 nations and about 30,00,000 patients across the world. Introduction of Pacemakers

A pacemaker is defined as a medical device, which sends small impulses to heart muscles to maintain a suitable heart rate or to stimulate the lower chambers of the heart. It is used for the treatment of congestive heart failure and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The pacemaker is implanted by using a surgical procedure named epicardial or endocardial, which is a minimally invasive process. In this implantation procedure, the incision is made inside the chest of the patient and the leads as well as the pacemaker are inserted inside it. A pulse generator is a component of a pacemaker that consists of a compact metal container that stores a battery, and an electrical circuit that regulates the frequency of electrical pulses supplied to the heart. The other component is called leads (electrodes). The electrical pulses necessary to change the heart rate are delivered through one to three flexible, insulated wires that are individually inserted into one or more heart chambers. Some more recent pacemakers, however, do not require leads. Direct implantation of these leadless pacemakers takes place within the cardiac mu...