The Japanese government announced a new economic stimulus package on December 8, 2020, in response to the growing impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on Japan's economy. A total of around ** trillion Japanese yen was planned for the whole operation, approximately ** trillion yen of which was designated for the change of structure and positive economic cycles for the post-COVID-19 pandemic. The government announced an emergency relief package also in April 2020.

For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated facts and figures page.

With the global impact of the 2020 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19), there has been a surge in public debt and uncertainty in the global economy. As the likelihood of a recession and a higher debt for Canada increases, the utility of a forecasting model is a realistic choice to both predict and determine optimal fiscal decisions for the government. This paper seeks to ratify existing historical trends in three developed economies (Canada, Japan, and the U.K.) as well as offer a time series forecast for the proceeding five years’ debt to GDP ratio. As per the International Monetary Fund (IMF), a limit of 60% in debt to GDP ratio was employed to measure how far off these three countries were from a considerably recoverable amount of debt. The time series forecast that the U.K. will drop to 65.436% by 2025, however, Japan and Canada will continue to accumulate debt to 254.3851% and 80.107% respectively.

It was forecasted that in 2020, the gross domestic product in Japan would decrease by *** percent. The GDPs of both India and South Korea were also expected to decrease. The decline in many Asia Pacific economies can be attributed to the outbreak of the coronavirus, in which imposed lockdown measures catalyzed the economic shutdown of many countries.

The Japanese government announced an updated version of economic emergency relief package on April 20, 2020, in response to the growing impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on Japan's economy. A total of around *** trillion Japanese yen was planned for the whole operation, approximately ** trillion yen of which was for the first "emergency support" phase of the measures and around **** trillion yen was for the second "v-shaped turnaround" phase.

In April, the government declared a state of emergency for all ** prefectures and insisted citizens to stay home and work from home until the end of May. It was, however, lifted in ** prefectures on May 14 as the number of new infection cases went down. As of May 18 , 2020, there were a total of ****** confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Japan

For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated facts and figures page.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of countries and regions from 1960 to 2020 provides a comprehensive view of economic development over six decades. GDP measures the total value of goods and services produced in a country or region over a specific period and is an important indicator of economic health and growth. Below is a summary of the GDP trends for major regions and selected countries:

Global Overview (1960-2020) 1- 1960s-1980s: During this period, many developed economies such as the United States, Japan, and Western European countries experienced robust economic growth. This was a time of post-World War II reconstruction, technological advancement, and increasing globalization.

2- 1990s-2000s: The fall of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s marked a shift in global economic dynamics. Many former Soviet states and Eastern European countries transitioned to market economies. Asia, particularly China and India, began to emerge as major economic players due to economic reforms and rapid industrialization.

3- 2010s-2020: The 2010s were marked by steady growth in advanced economies, while emerging markets such as China, India, Brazil, and others became significant contributors to global GDP. However, the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 led to a severe global economic downturn.

Japan MHLW: COVID-19: PCR: Confirmed: w/ Symptoms data was reported at 9,270.000 Person in 08 May 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 9,200.000 Person for 07 May 2020. Japan MHLW: COVID-19: PCR: Confirmed: w/ Symptoms data is updated daily, averaging 1,097.500 Person from Feb 2020 (Median) to 08 May 2020, with 88 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 9,270.000 Person in 08 May 2020 and a record low of 21.000 Person in 06 Feb 2020. Japan MHLW: COVID-19: PCR: Confirmed: w/ Symptoms data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. The data is categorized under High Frequency Database’s Disease Outbreaks – Table JP.D001: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-2019) (Discontinued).

Abstract (our paper)

The spread of COVID-19, the so-called new coronavirus, is currently having an enormous social and economic impact on the entire world. Under such a circumstance, the spread of information about the new coronavirus on SNS is having a significant impact on economic losses and social decision-making. In this study, we investigated how the new type of coronavirus has become a social topic in Japan, and how it has been discussed. In order to determine what kind of impact it had on people, we collected and analyzed Japanese tweets containing words related to the new corona on Twitter. First, we analyzed the bias of users who tweeted. As a result, it is clear that the bias of users who tweeted about the new coronavirus almost disappeared after February 28, 2020, when the new coronavirus landed in Japan and a state of emergency was declared in Hokkaido, and the new corona became a popular topic. Second, we analyzed the emotional words included in tweets to analyze how people feel about the new coronavirus. The results show that the occurrence of a particular social event can change the emotions expressed on social media.

Data

Tweets_YYYY-MM-DD.tsv.gz: The first column is the tweet id, the second column is the date and time (JST) when the tweet was posted, the third column is the flag as to whether the tweet was used for emotion analysis or not, and the fourth column is the tweet id of the retweet source. This data was collected by giving the query "新型肺炎 OR 武漢 OR コロナ OR ウイルス OR ウィルス" to the Twitter Search API. Therefore, most of the tweets are Japanese tweets. We conducted emotion analysis on tweets, excluding retweets and tweets containing links. The fourth column is empty if the tweet is not a retweet.

KL-Divergence.tsv.gz: The first column is the date (JST), and the second column is the value of KL-Divergence that calculated the bias of the users who posted tweets related to COVID-19. The value of KL-Divergence was calculated with all users appearing in Tweets_YYYY-MM-DD.tsv.gz. Based on the sampling stream data, we determined that if the value is below 0.6, there is no bias.

Emotions_by_ML-Ask.tsv.gz: The first column is the date (JST), the second and subsequent columns are the number of tweets for each emotion, and the last column is the number of tweets analyzed for the day. For this analysis, we only used tweets with a value of 1 in the third column of Tweets_YYYY-MM-DD.tsv.gz. We used pymlask (Python implementation of ML-Ask) to estimate the emotion of the tweet.

Publication

This data set was created for our study. If you make use of this data set, please cite: Fujio Toriumi, Takeshi Sakaki, Mitsuo Yoshida. Social Emotions Under the Spread of COVID-19 Using Social Media. Transactions of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence (in Japanese). vol.35, no.4, pp.F-K45_1-7, 2020. 鳥海不二夫, 榊剛史, 吉田光男. ソーシャルメディアを用いた新型コロナ禍における感情変化の分析. 人工知能学会論文誌. vol.35, no.4, pp.F-K45_1-7, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1527/tjsai.F-K45

A brief description of the provided GDP data for G20 & BRICS countries from 2008 to 2021 in five lines:

The data represents the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of G20 countries, a group of major economies, over a 15-year period from 2008 to 2022.

It shows the varying economic sizes of G20 nations, with China and the United States consistently having the largest GDP, while smaller economies like Argentina and South Africa have considerably smaller GDPs.

Notably, the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 had a significant impact, causing some countries' GDPs to contract temporarily before rebounding in 2021.

Japan, despite its size, experienced relatively stable GDP growth, while emerging economies like India and Indonesia demonstrated notable expansion over the years.

The European Union (EU) is not individually listed but represents a significant portion of the global economy, contributing to the overall global GDP figures.

Japan MHLW: COVID-19: PCR: Confirmed: QA: IS: Midst of Diagnosis of Symp data was reported at 0.000 Person in 08 May 2020. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 Person for 07 May 2020. Japan MHLW: COVID-19: PCR: Confirmed: QA: IS: Midst of Diagnosis of Symp data is updated daily, averaging 0.000 Person from Mar 2020 (Median) to 08 May 2020, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 Person in 08 May 2020 and a record low of 0.000 Person in 08 May 2020. Japan MHLW: COVID-19: PCR: Confirmed: QA: IS: Midst of Diagnosis of Symp data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. The data is categorized under High Frequency Database’s Disease Outbreaks – Table JP.D001: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-2019) (Discontinued).

As of November 2021, the U.S. goverment dedicated ***** percent of the GDP to soften the effects of the coronavirus pandemic. This translates to stimulus packages worth **** trillion U.S. dollars Economic impact of the Coronavirus pandemic The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was felt throughout the whole world. Lockdowns forced many industries to close completely for many months and restrictions were put on almost all economic activity. In 2020, the worldwide GDP loss due to Covid was *** percent. The global unemployment rate rocketed to **** percent in 2020 and confidence in governments’ ability to deal with the crisis diminished significantly. Governmental response In order to stimulate the economies and bring them out of recession, many countries have decided to release so called stimulus packages. These are fiscal and monetary policies used to support the recovery process. Through application of lower taxes and interest rates, direct financial aid, or facilitated access to funding, the governments aim to boost the employment, investment, and demand. Stimulus packages Until November 2021, Japan has dedicated the largest share of the GDP to stimulus packages among the G20 countries, with ***** percent (*** trillion Yen or **** trillion U.S. dollars). While the first help package aimed at maintaining employment and securing businesses, the second and third ones focused more on structural changes and positive developments in the country in the post-pandemic future.

Japan MHLW: COVID-19: PCR: Confirmed: Discharged data was reported at 20,380,089.000 Person in 27 Sep 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 20,321,911.000 Person for 26 Sep 2022. Japan MHLW: COVID-19: PCR: Confirmed: Discharged data is updated daily, averaging 701,633.000 Person from Feb 2020 (Median) to 27 Sep 2022, with 958 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 20,380,089.000 Person in 27 Sep 2022 and a record low of 9.000 Person in 10 Feb 2020. Japan MHLW: COVID-19: PCR: Confirmed: Discharged data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. The data is categorized under High Frequency Database’s Disease Outbreaks – Table JP.D001: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-2019) (Discontinued).

In an online survey of September 2020 targeting German companies in Japan, about ** percent of respondents stated that travel restrictions were among the challenges which they faced in the recent six months during the COVID-19 pandemic. While a decrease in demand for products and services was another common challenge stated by roughly ********** of the respondents, only about *** percent reported an increase in demand for products or services and about **** percent an increase in business. Hardly any respondent said there was no influence whatsoever.

Japan MHLW: COVID-19: PCR: Confirmed: RCF: IS data was reported at 0.000 Person in 08 May 2020. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 Person for 07 May 2020. Japan MHLW: COVID-19: PCR: Confirmed: RCF: IS data is updated daily, averaging 0.000 Person from Mar 2020 (Median) to 08 May 2020, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 Person in 08 May 2020 and a record low of 0.000 Person in 08 May 2020. Japan MHLW: COVID-19: PCR: Confirmed: RCF: IS data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. The data is categorized under High Frequency Database’s Disease Outbreaks – Table JP.D001: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-2019) (Discontinued).

In a survey conducted in 2020, regarding the impact which the coronavirus outbreak had, ** percent of respondents in Malaysia felt that the outbreak of COVID-19 had a major impact on the national economy. Comparatively, ** percent of respondents in both Japan, and Indonesia stated that the outbreak of the coronavirus had a major impact on the national economy in 2020.

As of February 17, 2020, around ***** percent of Japanese respondents believed that the national government has overreacted to the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. On the other hand, approximately ** percent of respondents stated that the government has not acted sufficiently. The government in Japan announced on February 26 that major cultural or sports events, such as concerts, must be cancelled for the coming two weeks. All the schools in the country were closed until the beginning of April.

Out of the world's seven largest economies, the United Kingdom was the most negatively affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. During the third quarter of 2020, the GDP growth rate of the UK stood at minus *** percent compared to the previous year. Furthermore, the GDPs of India and Japan were contracted by minus *** percent. Only China experienced a positive GDP growth rate of *** percent during that same period. However, in 2021, all the largest economies worldwide started to recover, with growth rates varying from *** percent (Japan) to over **** percent (India).

As of August 2020, a total of ***** publicly listed companies in Japan modified their financial statements from their initial announcements due to the impact of the pandemic of coronavirus (COVID-19). The total revised value amounted to around **** trillion Japanese yen for sales revenue and close to **** trillion yen for net profit.

Japan MHLW: COVID-19: PCR: Confirmed: DM: Kagawa data was reported at 255,506.000 Person in 08 May 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 255,442.000 Person for 07 May 2023. Japan MHLW: COVID-19: PCR: Confirmed: DM: Kagawa data is updated daily, averaging 4,692.000 Person from Mar 2020 (Median) to 08 May 2023, with 1145 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 255,506.000 Person in 08 May 2023 and a record low of 1.000 Person in 31 Mar 2020. Japan MHLW: COVID-19: PCR: Confirmed: DM: Kagawa data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. The data is categorized under High Frequency Database’s Disease Outbreaks – Table JP.D001: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-2019) (Discontinued).

On March 15, 2022, 2,578 cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were confirmed in Tokyo Prefecture. The number peaked at around 16.9 thousand on January 31, 2022. Following the accelerated development of cases in the prefecture, the Tokyo prefectural government rose the alert status of the infection level to the highest out of four levels.

Government measures Since the outbreak of the disease in the nation in January 2020, the Japanese government has announced the state of emergency four times for respective prefectures. Tokyo Prefecture was one of the prefectures that were under the state of emergency all four times. To ease the strain on medical facilities, Tokyo prefectural government added about 1,000 beds for COVID-19 patients in private facilities such as sports centers. As of March 2022, over 7,200 beds were designated for patients with the disease in the prefecture.

Tokyo Olympics and Paralympics As a direct impact of COVID-19, the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games were postponed to 2021. Consequently, the games took place from July to September 2021, one year after the original plan. The games were held without any overseas audience, and initially anticipated economic growth from inbound tourism in the nation did not materialize. 

For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated facts and figure page.

According to a survey conducted in February 2020, around ** percent of Japanese companies were expecting their sales to decrease in the near future due to the impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak in China. ** Percent estimated the difficulties in receiving stock from suppliers in China. A lot of companies in Japan rely on Chinese enterprises for their manufacture or sales revenue.