Over the first half of the 20th century, the Soviet Union's GDP per capita rose from 1,218 U.S. dollars to 2,8334 U.S. dollars. There was a slight decrease between 1913 and 1929 due to the devastation caused by the First World War and Russian Revolution and the transition to a communist government and socialist economic structure. However, GDP per capita grew over the following three intervals, and the Soviet Union's relative isolation in the 1920s and 1930s meant that it was relatively untouched by the Great Depression in the 1930s. At the end of the recovery period after the Second World War, in 1950, GDP per capita had already exceeded pre-war levels by a significant margin, and the Soviet Union emerged as one of the two global superpowers, alongside the United States.

In the first half of the 20th century, the Soviet Union's GDP per capita rose from roughly one-third of Western Europe's GDP per capita in 1900 to one-half of its rate in 1950. Although it grew gradually between the given intervals, it did drop between 1913 and 1929 due to the devastation caused by the First World War and Russian Revolution. However, this year also marked the beginning of the Great Depression, which caused a significant economic downturn across Western Europe while being relatively unfelt in the Soviet Union.

The Second World War's Eastern Front, the largest theater of war in history, was largely dominated by the conflict between Germany and the Soviet Union. The two countries had agreed upon an unexpected peace pact in 1939, with the joint invasion and partition of Poland, but this peace was broken in June 1941 when Germany invaded the Soviet Union during Operation Barbarossa. Germany's economic and technological superiority, alongside its Blitzkrieg military strategy, allowed it to gain the upper hand in the early stages of the conflict. Within six months the Germans had pushed the frontlines back to Moscow, and almost 40 percent of the Soviet population now lived in occupied territory. German gains at the expense of the Soviets was reflected in the changing balance of their economies - Germany's GDP grew each year until 1944, whereas the Soviet GDP fell by one third between 1940 and 1942.

In each half-decade between the mid-1960s to the mid-1980s, there was a consistent decline in the growth rate of the Soviet Union's national income, industrial output, and agricultural production. In the early 1980s, national income and industrial output growth dropped below half of their respective rates in the late 1960s, while agricultural output fell to almost a quarter of its previous level.

Russia GDP for 2023 was 2.021 trillion US dollars, a 10.79% decline from 2022.

<ul style='margin-top:20px;'>

<li>Russia GDP for 2022 was <strong>2.266 trillion US dollars</strong>, a <strong>22.93% increase</strong> from 2021.</li>
<li>Russia GDP for 2021 was <strong>1.843 trillion US dollars</strong>, a <strong>23.46% increase</strong> from 2020.</li>
<li>Russia GDP for 2020 was <strong>1.493 trillion US dollars</strong>, a <strong>11.81% decline</strong> from 2019.</li>
</ul>GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using single year official exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used.

Russia GDP per capita for 2023 was $13,817, a 10.54% decline from 2022.

<ul style='margin-top:20px;'>

<li>Russia GDP per capita for 2022 was <strong>$15,445</strong>, a <strong>23.35% increase</strong> from 2021.</li>
<li>Russia GDP per capita for 2021 was <strong>$12,522</strong>, a <strong>23.87% increase</strong> from 2020.</li>
<li>Russia GDP per capita for 2020 was <strong>$10,108</strong>, a <strong>11.7% decline</strong> from 2019.</li>
</ul>GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Throughout the Second World War, the United States consistently had the largest gross domestic product (GDP) in the world. Additionally, U.S. GDP grew significantly throughout the war, whereas the economies of Europe and Japan saw relatively little growth, and were often in decline. The impact of key events in the war is also reflected in the trends shown here - the economic declines of France and the Soviet Union coincide with the years of German invasion, while the economies of the three Axis countries experienced their largest declines in the final year of the war.

Russia demonstrated the largest gross domestic product (GDP) in Eurasia and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in 2024, at approximately *** trillion U.S. dollars. To compare, Kazakhstan's GDP was measured at around *** billion U.S. dollars in the same year. Tajikistan had the lowest GDP in Eurasia, at ** billion U.S. dollars. Commonwealth of Independent States The CIS is an organization of post-Soviet states founded after the collapse of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in 1991. Its official members are Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. Energy in the CIS Several countries in the CIS are among the leading energy producers and exporters, such as Russia, Kazakhstan, and Azerbaijan. In 2023, the CIS countries exported around *** million barrels of oil daily. The region's overall primary energy consumption exceeded ** exajoules in 2023, which was close to the figure recorded for the Middle East.

Between the Wall Street Crash of 1929 and the end of the Great Depression in the late 1930s, the Soviet Union saw the largest growth in its gross domestic product, growing by more than 70 percent between 1929 and 1937/8. The Great Depression began in 1929 in the United States, following the stock market crash in late October. The inter-connectedness of the global economy, particularly between North America and Europe, then came to the fore as the collapse of the U.S. economy exposed the instabilities of other industrialized countries. In contrast, the economic isolation of the Soviet Union and its detachment from the capitalist system meant that it was relatively shielded from these events. 1929-1932 The Soviet Union was one of just three countries listed that experienced GDP growth during the first three years of the Great Depression, with Bulgaria and Denmark being the other two. Bulgaria experienced the largest GDP growth over these three years, increasing by 27 percent, although it was also the only country to experience a decline in growth over the second period. The majority of other European countries saw their GDP growth fall in the depression's early years. However, none experienced the same level of decline as the United States, which dropped by 28 percent. 1932-1938 In the remaining years before the Second World War, all of the listed countries saw their GDP grow significantly, particularly Germany, the Soviet Union, and the United States. Coincidentally, these were the three most powerful nations during the Second World War. This recovery was primarily driven by industrialization, and, again, the U.S., USSR, and Germany all experienced the highest level of industrial growth between 1932 and 1938.

In 1950, at the end of the recovery period that followed the Second World War, GDP per capita across the Eastern Bloc varied greatly by country. Czechoslovakia, the most industrialized country in the Bloc after East Germany, had a GDP per capita that was 69 percent of the rate across Western European** countries. In contrast, Romania's GDP per capita was less than a quarter of the Western European average in 1950. 1950-1989 Generally speaking, Eastern European economies grew faster and made gains on those of the west (not including Mediterranean region) in the 1950s and 1960s, however, a series of recessions and increasing debts meant that this gap widened in the 1970s and 1980s. By 1989, as communism in Europe came to an end, the difference between overall GDP per capita in the Eastern and Western Blocs returned to a similar rate as in 1950, although it varied by country. The Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, and Poland, three of the larger economies of those given, had a lower share of western GDP per capita in 1989 than in 1950, while the smaller economies of the Balkans saw an increase. 1989-2000 Between 1989 and 2000, the European Union's GDP per capita grew faster than in the former Eastern Bloc countries. However, the end of communism did negatively impact EU economies in the early 1990s. Poland was the only Eastern Bloc country to make gains on the west in these years, although this was more to do with its poor economy in the 1980s. The former-Soviet states, in particular, saw GDP per capita drop below one-quarter of the European Union's rate over this decade, as post-Soviet economic recovery did not realistically begin until the late 1990s.

The dataset that includes various historical data like GDP, imports and exports volume, world sugar prices as well as Cuban sugar and nickel industires output figures devoted to the Cuban economic hsitory during the Cold War period.

In the build up to the Second World War, the United States was the major power with the highest gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in the world. In 1938, the United States also had the highest overall GDP in the world, and by a significant margin, however differences in GDP per person were much smaller. Switzerland In terms of countries that played a notable economic role in the war, the neutral country of Switzerland had the highest GDP per capita in the world. A large part of this was due to the strength of Switzerland's financial system. Most major currencies abandoned the gold standard early in the Great Depression, however the Swiss Franc remained tied to it until late 1936. This meant that it was the most stable, freely convertible currency available as the world recovered from the Depression, and other major powers of the time sold large amounts of gold to Swiss banks in order to trade internationally. Switzerland was eventually surrounded on all sides by Axis territories and lived under the constant threat of invasion in the war's early years, however Swiss strategic military planning and economic leverage made an invasion potentially more expensive than it was worth. Switzerland maintained its neutrality throughout the war, trading with both sides, although its financial involvement in the Holocaust remains a point of controversy. Why look at GDP per capita? While overall GDP is a stronger indicator of a state's ability to fund its war effort, GDP per capita is more useful in giving context to a country's economic power in relation to its size and providing an insight into living standards and wealth distribution across societies. For example, Germany and the USSR had fairly similar GDPs in 1938, whereas Germany's per capita GDP was more than double that of the Soviet Union. Germany was much more industrialized and technologically advanced than the USSR, and its citizens generally had a greater quality of life. However these factors did not guarantee victory - the fact that the Soviet Union could better withstand the war of attrition and call upon its larger population to replenish its forces greatly contributed to its eventual victory over Germany in 1945.

During the post-war economic boom, between the Second World War and the 1970s' recession, virtually all areas of Europe experienced significant economic growth. While this period is known as the "Golden Age of Capitalism" in Western Europe, communist countries in Eastern Europe (with socialist economic systems) generally experienced higher GDP growth rates in the 1950s and 1960s. Although most of these economies entered the period at a much less-developed stage than the likes of Britain, France, or West Germany, the Soviet model proved to be an economic success in these decades. Controlling the means of production The transition to communism across Eastern Europe saw the nationalization of most industries, as governments took control of the means of production in their respective countries. As much of Eastern Europe entered the period with relatively-low levels of industrialization compared to the west, this meant that governments could dictate the development of their manufacturing and retail industries. By the end of the 1960s, state-owned endeavors in Eastern Europe were responsible for over 95 percent of national income. Problems did arise, however, when states attempted to take control of the agricultural sector, as many of the families who owned the land were unwilling to part with it. Agriculture proved to be the only major industry not mostly owned by the state during Eastern Europe's communist era; in the long term, agriculture suffered due to the lack of government investment in such state-run economic systems. Variations There is a correlation between the sides taken during the Second World War and the speed of economic growth in each decade; the Allied nations of Czechoslovakia, Poland, the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia all experienced faster economic growth in the 1950s; whereas the Axis nations of Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania saw faster growth in the 1960s. East Germany was the exception to this rule, as its economy was much more developed than other former-Axis powers. The speed of recovery in these countries was the largest contributor to variations in growth rates, although regional variations in governance did influence development in later years (particularly in Yugoslavia).

Belarus BY: Road Infrastructure Investment: Per GDP data was reported at 2.013 Ratio in 2019. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.976 Ratio for 2018. Belarus BY: Road Infrastructure Investment: Per GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 2.044 Ratio from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2019, with 15 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.095 Ratio in 2012 and a record low of 1.772 Ratio in 2009. Belarus BY: Road Infrastructure Investment: Per GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Belarus – Table BY.OECD.ITF: Transport Infrastructure, Investment and Maintenance: Non OECD Member: Annual. [COVERAGE] ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT Investment expenditure on road infrastructure: capital expenditure on new road infrastructure or extension of existing roads, including reconstruction, renewal (major substitution work on the existing infrastructure which does not change its overall performance) and upgrades (major modification work improving the original performance or capacity of the infrastructure). Infrastructure includes land, permanent way constructions, buildings, bridges and tunnels, as well as immovable fixtures, fittings and installations connected with them (signalisation, telecommunications, toll collection installations, etc.) as opposed to road vehicles. [STAT_CONC_DEF] ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT Data refer to investment in fixed capital by type of economic activity. Investment in fixed capital is the aggregate of expenditures directed to the acquisition, reproduction and creation of new fixed assets. Data on the use of investment in fixed assets are disaggregated by type of economic activity using the following aggregated groupings. Until 2010 data follow the 'All-Union Classifier of Economic Activities', approved by Goostandart of the USSR. Between 2011 and 2015 data follow the 'National Classifier of Economic Activities' 005-2006, approved by the Resolution of the State Committee for Standardisation of the Republic of Belarus on December 28, 2006, No. 65. Since 2016 data follow the 'National Classifier of Economic Activities' 005-2011, approved by Decree of the State Committee for Standardization of the Republic of Belarus on December 5, 2011, No. 85.

Belarus BY: Inland Waterway Infrastructure Investment: Per GDP data was reported at 0.001 Ratio in 2019. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.001 Ratio for 2018. Belarus BY: Inland Waterway Infrastructure Investment: Per GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 0.002 Ratio from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2019, with 15 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.009 Ratio in 2009 and a record low of 0.000 Ratio in 2016. Belarus BY: Inland Waterway Infrastructure Investment: Per GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Belarus – Table BY.OECD.ITF: Transport Infrastructure, Investment and Maintenance: Non OECD Member: Annual. [COVERAGE] INLAND WATERWAYS INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT Investment expenditure on inland waterways infrastructure: capital expenditure on new inland waterways infrastructure or extension of existing inland waterways, including reconstruction, renewal (major substitution work on the existing infrastructure which does not change its overall performance) and upgrades (major modification work improving the original performance or capacity of the infrastructure). Infrastructure includes land, channels and permanent way constructions, buildings, bridges and tunnels, as well as immovable fixtures, fittings and installations connected with them (signalisation, telecommunications, navigation locks, mooring equipment, toll collection installations, etc.) as opposed to inland waterways vessels. [STAT_CONC_DEF] INLAND WATERWAYS INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT Data refer to investment in fixed capital by type of economic activity. Investment in fixed capital is the aggregate of expenditures directed to the acquisition, reproduction and creation of new fixed assets. Data on the use of investment in fixed assets are disaggregated by type of economic activity using the following aggregated groupings. Until 2010 data follow the 'All-Union Classifier of Economic Activities', approved by Goostandart of the USSR. Between 2011 and 2015 data follow the 'National Classifier of Economic Activities' 005-2006, approved by the Resolution of the State Committee for Standardisation of the Republic of Belarus on December 28, 2006, No. 65. Since 2016 data follow the 'National Classifier of Economic Activities' 005-2011, approved by Decree of the State Committee for Standardization of the Republic of Belarus on December 5, 2011, No. 85.

Sources:

Official Statistics of the German Democratic Republic; the states´ central office for statistics;

Sources of the Federal Archive, Department Potsdam and branch offices (= Quellen aus dem Bundesarchiv, Abteilung Potsdam mit Außenstellen / Abt. Berlin (BAP [vor 1997]/BARCH).)

Foundation of parties and mass organizations of the former GDR, Federal Archive - Central Party Archive of the SED, Berlin (= Stiftung der Parteien und Massenorganisationen der ehemaligen DDR im Bundesarchiv – Zentrales Parteiarchiv der SED, Berlin (ZPA). )

In 1938, the year before the Second World War, the United States had, by far, the largest economy in the world in terms of gross domestic product (GDP). The five Allied Great Powers that emerged victorious from the war, along with the three Axis Tripartite Pact countries that were ultimately defeated made up the eight largest independent economies in 1938.

When values are converted into 1990 international dollars, the U.S. GDP was over 800 billion dollars in 1938, which was more than double that of the second largest economy, the Soviet Union. Even the combined economies of the UK, its dominions, and colonies had a value of just over 680 billion 1990 dollars, showing that the United States had established itself as the world's leading economy during the interwar period (despite the Great Depression).

Interestingly, the British and Dutch colonies had larger combined GDPs than their respective metropoles, which was a key motivator for the Japanese invasion of these territories in East Asia during the war. Trade with neutral and non-belligerent countries also contributed greatly to the economic development of Allied and Axis powers throughout the war; for example, natural resources from Latin America were essential to the American war effort, while German manufacturing was often dependent on Swedish iron supplies.

In the decade that followed the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the collapse of communist systems in Eastern Europe, economic conditions across the region generally got worse before they improved. GDP per capita had been declining throughout most of the 1980s but fell dramatically as communism ended. In Central and Eastern Europe, economic recovery began in the early 1990s, whereas this process did not start until 1996 in the former-Soviet states. As a result, GDP per capita in Central and Eastern Europe had almost returned to its 1989 level within a decade, whereas GDP per capita in the former-Soviet states had dropped by 45 percent between 1989 and 1998. This transitionary period in the continent's east did have a knock-on effect on the continent's West. However, growth did continue. Additionally, GDP per capita was 2.2 times larger in the West than in the Soviet Union in 1989, but by 1998 it was 4.6 times larger.

The Kyrgyz Republic suffered severe shocks during the early years of independence, loosing its traditional markets in the Former Soviet Union republics, as well as substantial transfers and subsidies from the Soviet Union, that included a falling GDP during the first five years of transition. These circumstances prompted the Kyrgyz Republic to adopt a wide range of reforms to accelerate the transition to a market economy, emphasizing price and trade liberalization, and the shift of ownership of state assets to the private sector, including land, and most state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Since the mid-l990s, the economy has shown steady signs of recovery. Despite these favorable developments, the Kyrgyz Republic remains the second poorest of the FSU republics, and one of the poorest countries in the world. Absolute poverty affected about half of the population in spite of progress made in 2001, and, although poverty is highest in rural areas, there are large regional disparities, where transient poverty is high as a result of high consumption volatility. Access to public services such as water and sewerage, electricity, district heating, and telecommunication services, is very low. This Public Expenditure Review (PER) has sought to provide a strategic framework for fiscal adjustment and public expenditure reform, consistent with the government's objectives for accelerated growth and poverty reduction. The broad contours o f the strategy are: To stabilize the government's finances through stronger revenue, and expenditure management instruments and institutions, as well as through debt relief; to re-align sector policies with the most essential country priorities, with a general thrust toward improving targeted, and efficient use of resources in both social and public infrastructure sectors; to revamp the public administration to improve policy implementation and service delivery; and, to secure external financial support. Given the fragile external debt situation and the extent of poverty, priority has to be given to fiscal adjustment and the expenditure reform agenda. Government performance needs to be monitored, particularly at the grass roots levels, through systematic diagnoses of institutional problems, and through quantitative performance indicators, to monitor progress and competition in public service delivery.

Since 1980, Europe's largest economies have consistently been France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom, although the former Soviet Union's economy was the largest in the 1980s, and Russia's economy has been larger than Spain's since 2010. Since Soviet dissolution, Germany has always had the largest economy in Europe, while either France or the UK has had the second largest economy depending on the year. Italy's economy was of a relatively similar size to that of the UK and France until the mid-2000s when it started to diverge, resulting in a difference of approximately 800 billion U.S dollars by 2018. Russia's economy had overtaken both Italy and Spain's in 2012, but has fallen since 2014 due to the drop in international oil prices and the economic sanctions imposed for its annexation of Crimea - economic growth is expected to be comparatively low in Russia in the coming years due to the economic fallout of its invasion of Ukraine in 2022. In 2025, Germany, now the world's third-largest economy, was estimated at over *** trillion U.S. dollars.