Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita is a measure of economic production, which takes the entire output of a national economy during a year and divides it by the population of that country. In the European Union, Luxembourg, Ireland, Denmark, the Netherlands, and Austria come out on top as the countries which produced the most per capita in 2024. Europe's richest countries benefit from multinational companies Many criticisms have been made of using GDP per capita as away to judge a country's economic wealth in recent years, as global capital flows have come to distort the statistics and to give a warped impression of different countries' wealth. This is most notably the case for Ireland and for Luxembourg, which while certainly high-income countries, have experienced dramatic booms in their GDP over the past two decades due to the accounting practices of the large multinational corporations which have their European headquarters in these member states, such as Facebook and Apple in Dublin, and Amazon in Luxembourg. Will the poorest countries converge towards the EU average? At the bottom of the list, two of the most recent member states of the EU, Romania and Bulgaria, come last in terms of GDP per capita. Whether these countries will be able to capitalize on their relatively low-wages to spur economic growth and experience the convergence towards the older member states of the union shown by countries such as Estonia, Czechia, and Lithuania, remains a pressing issue for these poorer member states.

This dataset provides values for GDP PER CAPITA reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Key information about European Union GDP Per Capita

• European Union Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per Capita reached 41,541.357 USD in Dec 2023, compared with 37,990.536 USD in Dec 2022.
• EU GDP Per Capita data is updated yearly, available from Dec 1999 to Dec 2023, with an average number of -1,867.414 USD.
• The data reached an all-time high of 5,783.686 USD in Sep 2024 and a record low of -6,119.467 in Dec 2019.
• CEIC calculates GDP per Capita from quarterly Nominal GDP and annual Population and converts it into USD. Eurostat provides Nominal GDP in EUR and Population. Federal Reserve Board average market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. European Union stands for EU27 excluding UK.

• In the latest reports, EU GDP expanded 1.552 % YoY in Sep 2025.
• EU Nominal GDP reached 5,301.125 USD bn in Jun 2025.
• Its GDP deflator (implicit price deflator) increased 2.726 % in Jun 2025.
• Gross Savings Rate of EU was measured at 26.024 % in Jun 2025.

The average for 2024 based on 42 countries was 40186.68 U.S. dollars. The highest value was in Luxembourg: 137516.59 U.S. dollars and the lowest value was in Ukraine: 5389.47 U.S. dollars. The indicator is available from 1960 to 2024. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

This dataset provides information on the Real GDP per capita for 30 countries and regions across Europe, from 1995 to 2023. The dataset includes real GDP per capita data, which is adjusted for inflation (constant prices), allowing comparisons over time across different countries. This data is critical for economic analysis, providing insights into the economic performance and living standards in these countries and regions.

Countries included are:

• Austria (AT)
• Belgium (BE)
• Bulgaria (BG)
• Cyprus (CY)
• Czech Republic (CZ)
• Germany (DE)
• Denmark (DK)
• Euro Area (EA20) – The 20 countries using the euro
• Estonia (EE)
• Greece (EL)
• Spain (ES)
• European Union 27 (EU27_2020) – EU countries excluding the UK (post-Brexit)
• Finland (FI)
• France (FR)
• Croatia (HR)
• Hungary (HU)
• Ireland (IE)
• Italy (IT)
• Lithuania (LT)
• Luxembourg (LU)
• Latvia (LV)
• Malta (MT)
• Netherlands (NL)
• Poland (PL)
• Portugal (PT)
• Romania (RO)
• Sweden (SE)
• Slovenia (SI)
• Slovakia (SK)

Source:

• Eurostat API (via Python Eurostat library)

Time Period:

• 1995 - 2023

Year:

• The year of the data (1995 to 2023)

Usage:

• This dataset is suitable for economic research, data analysis, and forecasting. It can be used to study trends in economic growth, compare the performance of different European economies, and examine the effects of historical events on national GDP.

Gross domestic product (GDP) is a measure for the economic activity. It refers to the value of the total output of goods and services produced by an economy, less intermediate consumption, plus net taxes on products and imports. GDP per capita is calculated as the ratio of GDP to the average population in a specific year. Basic figures are expressed in purchasing power standards (PPS), which represents a common currency that eliminates the differences in price levels between countries to allow meaningful volume comparisons of GDP. The values are also offered as an index calculated in relation to the European Union average set to equal 100. If the index of a country is higher than 100, this country's level of GDP per head is higher than the EU average and vice versa. Please note that this index is intended for cross-country comparisons rather than for temporal comparisons. Finally, the disparities indicator offered for EU aggregates is calculated as the coefficient of variation of the national figures. This time series offers a measure of the convergence of economic activity between the EU Member States.

Throughout the first half of the twentieth century, GDP per capita rose significantly across Europe, however, at varying rates across different regions. Scandinavia, which did not experience the same level of structural devastation during the World Wars as the other regions, saw the largest GDP per capita growth during this period. Over these five decades, Scandinavian countries transformed from traditional agricultural societies to some of the world's wealthiest and industrially advanced economies. Between 1913 and 1950, Scandinavian GDP per capita doubled, eventually overtaking Western Europe as the highest in Europe. In comparison, East-Central Europe's growth was much slower, rising by just 26 percent between 1913 and 1915.

The average for 2024 based on 27 countries was 56043 U.S. dollars. The highest value was in Luxembourg: 128182 U.S. dollars and the lowest value was in Bulgaria: 34083 U.S. dollars. The indicator is available from 1990 to 2024. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

As of 2025, there are **** official candidate countries for membership in the European Union, as well as Kosovo identified by the European Commission as a potential future candidate. A key element of the Copenhagen Criteria - the conditions which must be fulfilled to join the EU - is the existence of a functioning market economy in the candidate country, with the ability of the country to handle the strong competition and economic pressures which come with joining the European Single Market. While the political and administrative/institutional criteria have been considered the key stumbling block which has prevented the current candidate countries from progressing towards full membership, the current state of the economies of candidate countries is also a cause for concern. According to the most recently available data, all candidate countries have lower GDP per capita than even the poorest EU member state, Bulgaria. Ukraine, the newest candidate country, which was granted candidate status by the EU in response to Russia's invasion of the country in 2022, is the poorest candidate country, as measured by GDP per capita. This represents a serious issue, as the EU has never incorporated a country which is so far from the average economic standards of the Union. On the other hand, the chance to join the EU could provide an economic boost to Ukraine, or any other candidate country, as can be seen with the fast rising GDP per capita of countries which have joined the EU since 2004, such as Czechia, Hungary, and Poland.

European Union EU27: DG ECFIN Forecast: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per Capita data was reported at 44.669 EUR th in 2027. This records an increase from the previous number of 43.116 EUR th for 2026. European Union EU27: DG ECFIN Forecast: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per Capita data is updated yearly, averaging 25.877 EUR th from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2027, with 33 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 44.669 EUR th in 2027 and a record low of 14.914 EUR th in 1995. European Union EU27: DG ECFIN Forecast: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per Capita data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by European Commission's Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs. The data is categorized under Global Database’s European Union – Table EU.DG ECFIN.AMECO: GDP per Capita: Forecast.

GDP per capita growth (annual %) in European Union was reported at 0.85495 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. European Union - GDP per capita growth (annual %) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on February of 2026.

This dataset provides values for GDP reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Graph and download economic data for Constant GDP per capita for Developing Countries in Europe and Central Asia (NYGDPPCAPKDECA) from 1987 to 2024 about Central Asia, Europe, per capita, and GDP.

The operation on Structural Indicators takes on several objectives.The first and overall objective lies in achieving, with the highest possible quality, the production of a series of basic or context indicators that serve, or may serve, as a reference.The second objective is to achieve methodological homogeneity and precision in calculation in relation to other international systems of indicators ¿and especially those defined by Eurostat¿ to create and recreate series that add the time perspective.To design and implement dynamic file formats that allow for the organisation and access to all of the information.Ultimately, the specific objective of the operation focuses on the coordination, management, verification and archiving of the system of indicators.

Graph and download economic data for Real Gross Domestic Product for European Union (28 Countries) (CLVMNACSCAB1GQEU28) from Q1 1995 to Q4 2019 about EU, Europe, real, and GDP.

Context

Relevant for the Tabular Playground Series September 2022 competition.

Content

Two csv files containing GDP and GDP per capita for several European countries between 2017-2021.

Sources

https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/ranking/gdp-gross-domestic-product

Data from 1st of June 2022. For most recent GDP data, consult dataset nama_10_gdp. Gross domestic product (GDP) is a measure for the economic activity. It is defined as the value of all goods and services produced less the value of any goods or services used in their creation. The volume index of GDP per capita in Purchasing Power Standards (PPS) is expressed in relation to the European Union average set to equal 100. If the index of a country is higher than 100, this country's level of GDP per head is higher than the EU average and vice versa. Basic figures are expressed in PPS, i.e. a common currency that eliminates the differences in price levels between countries allowing meaningful volume comparisons of GDP between countries. Please note that the index, calculated from PPS figures and expressed with respect to EU27_2020 = 100, is intended for cross-country comparisons rather than for temporal comparisons."

Historical dataset showing European Union GDP per capita by year from 1960 to 2023.

In the 16 years leading up to the First World War, the growth of GDP per capita varied across Europe, from growth rates of just six percent in the Netherlands, to 37 percent in Denmark. Of the major powers, France and Germany experienced the largest growth in this period, at 32 percent growth each, while Britain's growth was roughly half of this. It is important to remember, that the GDP per capita, along with economic development and industrialization, varied across Europe in this time period. For these reasons, Central and Eastern Europe had a higher overall GDP per capita growth rate than Western Europe, although Western Europe was much more advanced due to where its economy was in 1897.

Graph and download economic data for Gross Domestic Product Per Capita for Developing Countries in Europe and Central Asia (NYGDPPCAPCDECA) from 1987 to 2024 about Central Asia, Europe, per capita, and GDP.