In the immediate aftermath of the Second World War, Germany was split into four zones, each administered by France, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union respectively. In 1949, the Soviet-controlled zone formed the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), while the rest became the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany). In this time, Berlin was also split into four zones, and the three non-Soviet zones formed West Berlin, which was a part of West Germany (although the West's administrative capital was moved to Bonn). One population grows, while the other declines Between 1949 and 1961, an estimated 2.7 million people migrated from East to West Germany. East Germany had a communist government with a socialist economy and was a satellite state of the Soviet Union, whereas West Germany was a liberal democracy with a capitalist economy, and western autonomy increased over time. Because of this difference, West Germany was a much freer society with more economic opportunities. During the German partition, the population of the west grew, from 51 million in 1950 to 62.7 million in 1989, whereas the population of East Germany declined from 18.4 million to just 16.4 million during this time. Little change after reunification In 1989, after four decades of separation, the process of German reunification began. The legal and physical barriers that had split the country were removed, and Germans could freely travel within the entire country. Despite this development, population growth patterns did not change. The population of the 'new states' (East Germany) continued to decline, whereas the population of the west grew, particularly in the 1990s, the first decade after reunification. The reasons for this continued imbalance between German population in the east and west, is mostly due to a low birth rate and internal migration within Germany. Despite the fact that levels of income and unemployment in the new states have gotten closer to those reported for the west (a major obstacle after reunification), life and opportunities in the west continue to attract young Germans from rural areas in the east with detrimental effect on the economy and demography of the new states.

Keywords; Search terms: historical time series; historical statistics; histat / HISTAT . Abstract: The author’s aim is to give an overview of the development of the official German statistics and specially the official employment-statistics in the former German Democratic Republic (GDR). Data-Sources of the official statistics of the GDR about the occupation has been:- four occupation censes, which has been carried out together with the population census (1950, 1964, 1971, 1981);- special surveys about the occupation carried out by the statistical service of the former GDR;- workplace-statistics and sector-specific reporting including information about employees, done by the SZS;- further statistical reporting by governmental organisations about employment. In order to realise comparability between the official statistics of the former GDR with the official statistics of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), the Federal Statistical Office made substantial conversions and formed new statistical groups respectively (see special tables dealing with backward projection of the GDR-statistics, Table-Part D. and E.). Topics: Subcategorisation of the Study (Tables of the ZA-Database HISTAT):Some Data of the GDR-employment-statistics: I. The official employment statistics of the GDR:
A. Employed persons and population B. Employees and apprentices by occupational status C. Employees by economic sectors II. Making the former GDR’s labour force statistics comparable with the labour force statistics of the former Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) D. Federal Statistical Office, Wiesbaden: Some Information of backward projection of the GDR’s labour force statistics into FRG-classification („ Systematics of economic sectors“, Issue 1979 (WZ)“) III. Selected Information of population and occupation census (1950, 1964, 1971, 1981), according to the systematics of the Federal Statistics. E. Federal Statistical Office, Wiesbaden: Employees of the former GDR by population and occupation census (conversion 1964, 1971, 1981) according to („ Systematics of economic sectors“, Issue 1979 (WZ)“)

In 1800, the region of Germany was not a single, unified nation, but a collection of decentralized, independent states, bound together as part of the Holy Roman Empire. This empire was dissolved, however, in 1806, during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic eras in Europe, and the German Confederation was established in 1815. Napoleonic reforms led to the abolition of serfdom, extension of voting rights to property-owners, and an overall increase in living standards. The population grew throughout the remainder of the century, as improvements in sanitation and medicine (namely, mandatory vaccination policies) saw child mortality rates fall in later decades. As Germany industrialized and the economy grew, so too did the argument for nationhood; calls for pan-Germanism (the unification of all German-speaking lands) grew more popular among the lower classes in the mid-1800s, especially following the revolutions of 1948-49. In contrast, industrialization and poor harvests also saw high unemployment in rural regions, which led to waves of mass migration, particularly to the U.S.. In 1886, the Austro-Prussian War united northern Germany under a new Confederation, while the remaining German states (excluding Austria and Switzerland) joined following the Franco-Prussian War in 1871; this established the German Empire, under the Prussian leadership of Emperor Wilhelm I and Chancellor Otto von Bismarck. 1871 to 1945 - Unification to the Second World War The first decades of unification saw Germany rise to become one of Europe's strongest and most advanced nations, and challenge other world powers on an international scale, establishing colonies in Africa and the Pacific. These endeavors were cut short, however, when the Austro-Hungarian heir apparent was assassinated in Sarajevo; Germany promised a "blank check" of support for Austria's retaliation, who subsequently declared war on Serbia and set the First World War in motion. Viewed as the strongest of the Central Powers, Germany mobilized over 11 million men throughout the war, and its army fought in all theaters. As the war progressed, both the military and civilian populations grew increasingly weakened due to malnutrition, as Germany's resources became stretched. By the war's end in 1918, Germany suffered over 2 million civilian and military deaths due to conflict, and several hundred thousand more during the accompanying influenza pandemic. Mass displacement and the restructuring of Europe's borders through the Treaty of Versailles saw the population drop by several million more.

Reparations and economic mismanagement also financially crippled Germany and led to bitter indignation among many Germans in the interwar period; something that was exploited by Adolf Hitler on his rise to power. Reckless printing of money caused hyperinflation in 1923, when the currency became so worthless that basic items were priced at trillions of Marks; the introduction of the Rentenmark then stabilized the economy before the Great Depression of 1929 sent it back into dramatic decline. When Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in 1933, the Nazi government disregarded the Treaty of Versailles' restrictions and Germany rose once more to become an emerging superpower. Hitler's desire for territorial expansion into eastern Europe and the creation of an ethnically-homogenous German empire then led to the invasion of Poland in 1939, which is considered the beginning of the Second World War in Europe. Again, almost every aspect of German life contributed to the war effort, and more than 13 million men were mobilized. After six years of war, and over seven million German deaths, the Axis powers were defeated and Germany was divided into four zones administered by France, the Soviet Union, the UK, and the U.S.. Mass displacement, shifting borders, and the relocation of peoples based on ethnicity also greatly affected the population during this time. 1945 to 2020 - Partition and Reunification In the late 1940s, cold war tensions led to two distinct states emerging in Germany; the Soviet-controlled east became the communist German Democratic Republic (DDR), and the three western zones merged to form the democratic Federal Republic of Germany. Additionally, Berlin was split in a similar fashion, although its location deep inside DDR territory created series of problems and opportunities for the those on either side. Life quickly changed depending on which side of the border one lived. Within a decade, rapid economic recovery saw West Germany become western Europe's strongest economy and a key international player. In the east, living standards were much lower, although unemployment was almost non-existent; internationally, East Germany was the strongest economy in the Eastern Bloc (after the USSR), though it eventually fell behind the West by the 1970s. The restriction of movement between the two states also led to labor shortages in t...

IPUMS-International is an effort to inventory, preserve, harmonize, and disseminate census microdata from around the world. The project has collected the world's largest archive of publicly available census samples. The data are coded and documented consistently across countries and over time to facillitate comparative research. IPUMS-International makes these data available to qualified researchers free of charge through a web dissemination system. The IPUMS project is a collaboration of the Minnesota Population Center, National Statistical Offices, and international data archives. Major funding is provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Demographic and Behavioral Sciences Branch of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Additional support is provided by the University of Minnesota Office of the Vice President for Research, the Minnesota Population Center, and Sun Microsystems.

Quelle: Statistical Yearbooks of the German Democratic Republic

Analysis of ‘Population in East German countries by age and sex’ provided by Analyst-2 (analyst-2.ai), based on source dataset retrieved from http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/https-www-datenportal-bmbf-de-portal-0-13 on 16 January 2022.

--- Dataset description provided by original source is as follows ---

Table 0.13: Population in East German countries by age and sex

--- Original source retains full ownership of the source dataset ---

Timeseries of structure and development of the former German Democratic Republic’s population.

The aim of this data-collection is to inform about the population’s structure and development in the former GDR, including East-Berlin, from 1946 to 1989.

Subject of the datacompilation is the description of the natural and geographical population movement in modern german history.

Topics

Time Series Data in the downloadsystem HISTAT:

Population and Population Structure A.1 Size of Population and Population Growth A.2 Population Development in international comparison A.3 Population by age-groups A.4 Population by sex A.5 Population by municipal size A.6 Population by social characteristics (Family Status, Religious Denomination) A.7 Population by State/region (German States of FRG, GDR)

B. Population movement B.1 Marriages and Devorces B.2 Birth Statistics and Fertility Statistics B.3 Mortality B.4 Infant Mortality Statistics

C. Migration Statistics

D. Household Size and Family Structure

Following the Second World War, Germany was split into four territories, administered by France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States. In 1949, the zones occupied by Britain, France and the US formed the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany), and the USSR zone became the German Democratic Republic (East Germany). The capital city of Berlin, which was located in East Germany, was also split into two parts, with West Berlin remaining in the Federal Republic of Germany and East Berlin belonging to the Soviet satellite state of the German Democratic Republic. Between 1949 and 1961, over 2.5 million people (mostly skilled laborers) emigrated from East to West Germany in search of economic opportunities and higher standard of living. Increasing restrictions In reaction to this imbalanced migration, the communist East German government increased restrictions on movement to the West, and, despite initial requests being denied by Nikita Khrushchev in 1953, the Soviet leader eventually approved the building of a physical barrier in 1961. Initially, a wire fence was used to separate the East from the West, and this was later reinforced with concrete walls, bunkers, guard towers and landmines, most notably in the case of the Berlin Wall, which became the symbol of German division during the Cold War. From the early 1960s until the late 1980s, migration from East to West Germany dropped significantly. In the 1970s, there was no year where more than 20,000 people moved from the East to West, which is a significant drop from the 1950s, where as many as 331,000 people migrated in 1953 alone. The fall of the iron curtain As the Soviet Union's power weaned in the 1980s, and their influence in Eastern Europe diminished, communism in the Eastern block and Soviet satellite states began to collapse at the end of the decade. On November 9, 1989, when an East German politician mistakenly claimed that restrictions on travel visas would be lifted with immediate effect, thousands of people in Berlin gathered at the checkpoints along the Berlin Wall demanding to be allowed through. As tensions rose, the commanding officers eventually gave in to public demands and opened the barriers, allowing the people to move freely again between both German states. In the days that followed, Germans from both sides of the barrier began to tear down and create holes in the Berlin Wall, in a symbolic act that would represent unity and the end of German division.

Keywords; Search terms: historical time series; historical statistics; histat / HISTAT .

Abstract:

The author’s aim is to give an overview of the development of the official German statistics and specially the official employment-statistics in the former German Democratic Republic (GDR).

Data-Sources of the official statistics of the GDR about the occupation has been: - four occupation censes, which has been carried out together with the population census (1950, 1964, 1971, 1981); - special surveys about the occupation carried out by the statistical service of the former GDR; - workplace-statistics and sector-specific reporting including information about employees, done by the SZS; - further statistical reporting by governmental organisations about employment.

In order to realise comparability between the official statistics of the former GDR with the official statistics of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), the Federal Statistical Office made substantial conversions and formed new statistical groups respectively (see special tables dealing with backward projection of the GDR-statistics, Table-Part D. and E.).

Topics:

Subcategorisation of the Study (Tables of the ZA-Database HISTAT): Some Data of the GDR-employment-statistics:

I. The official employment statistics of the GDR:

A. Employed persons and population

B. Employees and apprentices by occupational status

C. Employees by economic sectors

II. Making the former GDR’s labour force statistics comparable with the labour force statistics of the former Federal Republic of Germany (FRG)

D. Federal Statistical Office, Wiesbaden: Some Information of backward projection of the GDR’s labour force statistics into FRG-classification („ Systematics of economic sectors“, Issue 1979 (WZ)“)

III. Selected Information of population and occupation census (1950, 1964, 1971, 1981), according to the systematics of the Federal Statistics.

E. Federal Statistical Office, Wiesbaden: Employees of the former GDR by population and occupation census (conversion 1964, 1971, 1981) according to („ Systematics of economic sectors“, Issue 1979 (WZ)“)

“The file contains the year-end population in Germany (in millions). Territorial status: 1950 to 1989 Former federal territory and GDR as a whole, from 1990 Germany. As of 2019, the results of the 14th coordinated population forecast of the Federal Government and the Länder were used.
The data source shall be the Federal Statistical Office.’

Preferred radio stations of the GDR population. Listener level of western and eastern radio stations.

Topics: Preferred radio stations and programs; reception quality on the individual wave lengths; television habits; wishes of the broadcast offerings of the RIAS Berlin.

Demography: age (classified); sex; school education; occupation; state.

IntroductionPeople with mental disorders face various barriers on the road to treatment. People who have experienced injustice of the state apparatus of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) in the form of various reprisals are a group that has received insufficient attention in research. Some of them still show long-term psychological and physical consequences that occur more frequently than in the general population, resulting in an increased need for treatment. There are currently no studies on how those affected are perceived by practitioners due to their history and whether they are exposed to stigmatizing attitudes.MethodA vignette-based survey was carried out to identify possible stigmatising attitudes. An independent opinion and survey institute conducted the study in three phases in December 2022, April 2023 and May to August 2024 using an online survey. A total of N=1357 practitioners from the German healthcare system were presented one of four case vignettes. The two vignettes described a person with mental health difficulties who had either experienced an unremarkable socialization in the GDR (A) or had suffered injustice in the GDR (B). In addition to socio-demographic variables, stereotypes, emotional reactions and desire for social distance towards the person described were recorded.ResultsAge and sex as well as subjective knowledge about the GDR, the occupational group and the working environment influence the intensity of emotional reactions as well as the desire for social distance and the extent of negative stereotypical attitudes. The presentation of a case vignette that deals with an experience of SED injustice favours a decrease in positive and an increase in negative stereotypes. The explanatory power of the regression models is predominantly in the medium range (from 9.7 till 35.3%).ConclusionsEven more than three decades after the reunification of Germany, people with mental health problems and an experience of SED injustice in the GDR still experience stigmatizing attitudes on the part of those treating them. Stigmatizing attitudes can affect treatment and care.

Relationship of East Germans with foreigners. Topics: National identity; regular contacts with foreigners; type of contact; nationality of foreigners; conduct of Germans regarding foreigners; longer stays abroad; age at first trip abroad; contact with foreigners in parental home; annual vacation abroad; socially just treatment of foreigners; foreign friends of one's own children; reaction at public violent conflicts between Germans and foreigners; reasons for conflicts between Germans and foreigners (scale); stand on resettling of citizens of the GDR in the FRG, on influx of civil servants, managers and workers from the FRG, citizens from the European Community, from Eastern Europe, Africa and Asia; right to vote for foreigners; changes of the proportion of foreigners in the GDR population; visitor regulation with Poland; attitude to foreigners; most important characteristics of East and West Germans; place of residence; state; number of children; religious affiliation; Sunday question; employment; job security; prospects for the future; knowledge of foreign languages.

This data compilation on the basis of official statistics of labor force gives a summarized overview over participation in work force in Germany.Those are the key themes of the compilation: - Overviews on population development (population by age groups, employable resident population by age groups and sex);- Resident population by participation in work force; - School leavers, trainees by se and by training area; - Labor force, working population, employment rates by age groups;- Working population by occupational status; - Working population by economic sectors;- Participation in labor force in the federal states;- Working time.The compilation contains data tables with (synthetic) annual averages as well as chosen results of the micro census. These data were complemented with data on employment from the national accounts after the revised version if ESA 95. Data tables in Histat:A. Overviews on population developmentA1 Population and areas (annual averages), former West Germany, newly formed German states, Germany (1946-2000)A2 Population by age group (at the end of each year), former West Germany, former GDR, Germany (1950-2000)A3 Employable resident population by age groups and sex (annual averages), former West Germany (1950-2000)A4a Employable resident population by age groups and sex (at the end of each year), Germany (1989-2000)A4b Employable resident population by age groups and sex (at the end of each year),Newly formed German states (1989-2000) B. Resident population by participation in work force B1 Tables with annual averages B1.1 Population, working population (nationals, residents) and employers (annual averages, national accounts), former West Germany, Germany (1950-1997)B1.2 Resident population, working population, employment rate, unemployed (annual averages is 1000), former West Germany, Germany (1950-1997)B1.3 Population by sex, foreigners (annual averages), former West Germany, Germany (1950-2000)B1.4 Population, employment and unemployment (annual averages), former West Germany, Germany (1950-1997)B1.5 Employees subject to mandatory social insurance contribution (end of June), former West Germany, Germany (1974-2000)B1.6 Employees (inland) in full-time and part time employment, short-time workers, unemployed (annual averages), former West Germany (1960-2000)B1.7 Foreign employees, unemployed foreigners (annual averages), former West Germany (1954-2000)B1.8 School leavers and trainees, former West Germany, Germany (1950-2000)B1.9 Trainees by sex and training areas (at the end of each year), former West Germany, Germany (1960-2000) B2 Tables with extrapolated results from the micro censusB2.1 Employable population, working population, unemployed, labor force altogether (micro census) former West Germany, Germany (1959-2000)B2.2 Employable population, working population, unemployed, labor force by sex (micro census), former West Germany, Germany (1959-2000)B2.3 Population by participation in labor force and sex (micro census), former West Germany, Newly formed German states (1957-2000)B2.4 Employees by volume of employment and sex (micro census), Former West Germany, newly formed German states, Germany (1985-2000)B2.5 Resident population by main income source and sex (micro census), former West Germany, newly formed German states, Germany (1975-2000)B2.6 Working population by nationality, occupational status and sex (micro census) former West Germany, Germany (1976-2000) B3 Revised results after ESA 95B3.1 Population, working population and employees (ESA 95), unemployed (ILO), former West Germany, Germany (1950-2000)B3.2 National working population: comparison of the revisions of the employment statistics, Germany (1991-2000) C. Working population, employees, employment rates by age groups C1 Tables with annual averages C2 Tables with extrapolated results from the micro censusC2.1a Employable resident population by age groups and sex in 1000 (micro census), Germany (1991-2000)C2.1b Employable resident population by age groups and sex in 1000 (micro census), former West Germany (1962-2000)C2.1c Employable resident population by age groups and sex in 1000 (micro census), newly formed German states (1991-2000)C2.2 Working population in 1000 by age groups (micro census), former West Germany, newly formed German states, Germany (1950-2000)C2.3 Labor force, employment rates by sex (micro census), former West Germany, Germany (1950-2000)C2.4 Labor force, employment rates and national working population by sex (annual averages) foreign employers, former West Germany, Germany (1950-1995)C2.5a Employment rates by age groups and sex (micro census), Germany (1991-2000)C2.5b Employment rates by age groups and sex (micro census), former West Germany (1959-2000)C2.5c Employment rates by age groups and sex (micro census), newly formed German states (1991-2000)C2.5d Employment rates by age groups and sex (micro census), former West Germany, Germany (1958-2000)C2.6a Labor force by age groups and sex...

Graph and download economic data for Population, Total for the Democratic Republic of the Congo (POPTOTCDA647NWDB) from 1960 to 2024 about DR Congo and population.

Graph and download economic data for Employment to Population Ratio for the Democratic Republic of the Congo (SLEMPTOTLSPZSCOD) from 1991 to 2024 about DR Congo, employment-population ratio, employment, and population.

Sources: Reportings of the former Public Head Office of Statistics in the GDR (Staatliche Zentralverwaltung für Statistik der DDR).

This data material is the first comprehensive and diverse publication of statistical labor market data of the former GDR. The compilation is focused on data on population, occupations, qualification and the educational system. Most of the data was confidential in the past. A number of tables contain calculations by the authors based on the official statistics. The authors attempted to provide time series that are as long as possible, in order to enable a long term overview on the labor market developments of the GDR. In addition some macroeconomic indices were included that can serve as a benchmark for labor market data. This data collection provides material for those who are interested in labor market problems and enables an analysis of economic and social processes within the GDR which can also considered as a relief when one has to made political economic decisions. There is no detailed bibliography. Most data is based on the information in the official statistical year books of the GDR, on former confidential and non-confidential reports of the former GDR´s national statistical office, on data of the statistical year books of GDR´s universities and on own computations.

Register of tables in HISTAT: 01. Resident population, life-birth, deaths (persons) (1946-1989) 02. Resident population in employable and non-employable age (persons and share in percent) (1950-1989) 03. Degree of employment of population in employable age (1000 persons and share in percent) (1966-1989) 04. Degree of employment of male population in employable age (1000 persons and share in percent) (1966-1989) 05. Degree of employment of female population in employable age (1000 persons and share in percent) (1966-1989) 06. Degree of employment of population in retirement age and employable age (1000 persons and share in percent) (1966-1989) 07. Trainees and all working persons including trainees in 1000 (1955-1989) 08. Working persons by economic sectors in 1000 Persons (1949-1989) 09. Share of workers in an economic sector of the entire working population in percent (1949-1989) 10. Constantly working persons by economic sectors in 1000 persons (1967-1989) 11. Share of constant workers in an economic sector of the entire constant working population in percent (1967-1989) 12. Working persons in the education sector, in culture and art, in the social and tin the health sector in 1000 persons (1967-1989) 13. Working persons in the education sector in 1000 persons (1967-1989) 14. Workers and employees in the socialist economy by qualification level – socialist economy at large (1971-1989) 15. Workers and employees in the socialist economy by qualification level – Economic sector 1: Industry (1971-1989) 16. Workers and employees in the socialist economy by qualification level – Economic sector 2: Construction (1971-1989) 17. Workers and employees in the socialist economy by qualification level – Economic sector 3: Agriculture and forestry (1971-1989) 18. Workers and employees in the socialist economy by qualification level – Economic sector 4: Traffic, postal and telecommunication services (1971-1989) 19. Workers and employees in the socialist economy by qualification level – Economic sector 5: Trade (1971-1989) 20. Workers and employees in the socialist economy by qualification level – Economic sector 6: Other producing sectors (1976-1989) 21. Workers and employees in the socialist economy by qualification level – Economic sector 7: Service economy (1976-1989) 22. Workers and employees in the socialist economy by qualification level – Economic sector 8: Cultural and social institutions (1976-1989) 23 Workers and employees in the socialist economy by qualification level – Economic sector 9: Public administration/ social organizations (1976-1989) 24. Qualification structure of workers and employees- socialist economy at large, share in percent (1960-1989) 25. Qualification structure of workers and employees – Industry, shares in percent (1960-1989) 26. Qualification structure of workers and employees – construction, shares in percent (1960-1989) 27. Qualification structure of workers and employees – agriculture and forestry, shares in percent (1960-1989) 28. Qualification structure of workers and employees – traffic, postal and telecommunication services, shares in percent (1960-1989) 29. Qualification structure of workers and employees – trade, shares in percent (1960-1989) 30. Qualification structure of workers and employees – other producing sectors, shares in percent (1976-1989) 31. Qualification structure of workers and employees – service economy, shares in percent (1976-1989) 32. Qualification structure of workers and employees – cultural and social institutions, shares in percent (1976-1989) 33. Qualification structure of workers and employees – public administration and social organizations shares in percent (1976-1989) 34. Skilled workers in their learned or a similar profession, persons and shares in percent (1971-1983) 35....

Graph and download economic data for Population ages 65 and above for the Democratic Republic of the Congo (SPPOP65UPTOZSCOD) from 1960 to 2024 about DR Congo, 65-years +, and population.