The difference between the earnings of women and men shrank slightly over the past years. Considering the controlled gender pay gap, which measures the median salary for men and women with the same job and qualifications, women earned one U.S. cent less. By comparison, the uncontrolled gender pay gap measures the median salary for all men and all women across all sectors and industries and regardless of location and qualification. In 2025, the uncontrolled gender pay gap in the world stood at 0.83, meaning that women earned 0.83 dollars for every dollar earned by men.

Annual gender pay gap estimates for UK employees by age, occupation, industry, full-time and part-time, region and other geographies, and public and private sector. Compiled from the Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings.

In 2024, the gender pay gap in Germany was around 16 percent. This meant that wages for men were on average 16 percent higher than for women. Figures have gradually decreased since 2009.

This table describes gender pay gap and is defined as the ratio of the gross earnings between women and men. The disaggregation variables are subject to data availability and where the numbers are lesser than 6, the disaggregation will be dropped.

Find more Pacific data on PDH.stat.

In 2023, the Rhode Island had the highest earnings ratio for women, as female workers earned ***** percent of their male counterparts on average. The state of Louisiana had the lowest earnings ratio for female workers, who earned ***** percent of what their male counterparts earn.

In 2025, the difference between average hourly earnings for men and women in the United Kingdom for all workers was 12.8 percent, compared with 6.9 percent for full-time workers, and -2.9 percent for part-time workers. During the provided time period, the gender pay gap was at its highest in 1997, when it was 27.5 percent for all workers. Compared with 1997, the gender pay gap has fallen by 13.2 percent for all workers, and 9.7 percent for full-time workers. Gender pay gap higher in older age groups Although the gender pay gap among younger age groups was relatively small in 2024, the double-digit pay gap evident in older age groups served to keep the overall gap high. The gender pay gap for workers aged between 18 and 21 for example was -0.5 percent, compared with 12.1percent for people in their 50s. Additionally, the gender pay gap for people aged over 60 has changed little since 1997, falling by just 1.2 percent between 1997 and 2023, compared with a 14.9 percent reduction among workers in their 40s. Positions of power As of 2024, women are unfortunately still relatively underrepresented in leadership positions at Britain’s top businesses. Among FTSE 100 companies, for example, just 9.4 percent of CEOs were female, falling to just 6.1 percent for FTSE 250 companies. Representation was better when it came to FTSE 100 boardrooms, with 44.7 percent of positions at this level being filled by women, compared with 42.6 percent at FTSE 250 companies. In the corridors of political power, the proportion of female MPs was estimated to have reached its highest ever level after the 2024 election at 41 percent, compared with just three percent in 1979.

Introduction

Gender Pay Gap Statistics: The gender pay gap remains a persistent issue globally, with women earning, on average, 20% less than men. This means women earn 80 cents for every dollar earned by men. At the current rate of progress, it could take approximately 132 years to close this gap.

This disparity is evident across various industries, with women in finance and technology earning as much as 25% less than their male counterparts. The gap is even more pronounced among women, with Black and Hispanic women earning 37% and 46% less, respectively, than white men.

Despite advancements in gender equality, pay inequality continues to hinder women’s economic c and long-term financial security. Addressing this gap requires systemic change, including pay transparency, policy reforms, and active corporate strategies.

In 2025, Barbados was the country with the highest gender pay gap index in Latin America and the Caribbean, with a score of 0.87. Guatemala, on the other hand, had the worst score in the region, at 0.46 points. This shows that, on average, women's income in Guatemala represents only 46 percent of the income received by men. Is the gender pay gap likely to be bridged? In a 2021 survey, 55 percent of respondents in Peru thought it was likely that women will be paid as much as men for the same work. This was one of the most optimistic perspectives when compared to the other Latin American nations surveyed. For instance, in Brazil, only one third of the adults interviewed said that this would be possible in the near future. Based on people's views on salary equality, Mexico was found to be one of the Latin American countries with the best wage equality perception index, which shows that the population's perceptions do not always match reality. In Mexico, the gender pay gap based on estimated income stood at 0.52. The software pay gap in Mexico The digital era does not necessarily favor income equality between genders. Recent data shows that men working in the Mexican software industry receive significantly higher monthly salaries than women or non-binary persons. Wage differences based on gender were specially noticeable in the field of software architecture, where a woman's salary represented, on average, only 60 percent of what a man would earn for performing the same tasks in a comparable position.

A paper outlining how the gender pay gap will be presented in future ONS Statistical Bulletins

Source agency: Office for National Statistics

Designation: National Statistics

Language: English

Alternative title: Presentation of the Gender Pay Gap: ONS Position Paper

As of 2023, South Korea is the country with the highest gender pay gap among OECD countries, with a **** percent difference between the genders. The gender pay gap displays the difference between the median wages of full-time employed men and full-time employed women.

In 2024, Italian women earned annually about ***** euros less than men. However, the gender pay gap decreased in the last years. In 2016, it amounted to **** percent in favor of men, whereas the difference in 2022 was equal to **** percent. For 2024, it reduced to *** percent. According to JobPricing, women's annual gross salary amounted to around ****** euros in 2024. On the other hand, men had an average annual salary of approximately ****** euros. Regional differences In Italy, significant wage differences can also be observed among regions. As of 2024, regions in northern Italy registered higher average annual salaries compared to the southern regions. Lombardy had the highest average wages in the country, ****** euros per year. On the other hand, people living in Basilicata, in the south, had the lowest wages in the country, ****** euros annually. Differences in the sectors Different sectors registered various levels of pay gaps. For instance, in the banking and financial services, the difference in between the salaries of men and women favored men by ***** euros in 2020. Nonetheless, in very few sectors, the gap favors women. In the construction industry, women earned, on average, around ***** euros more than men. In the field of metallurgy and steel, women and men were equally paid.

The focus of this study is the implications of structural transformation for gender equality, specifically equal pay, in Sub-Saharan Africa. While structural transformation affects key development outcomes, including growth, poverty, and access to decent work, its effect on the gender pay gap is not clear ex-ante. Evidence on the gender pay gap in sub-Saharan Africa is limited, and often excludes rural areas and informal (self-)employment. This paper provides evidence on the extent and drivers of the gender pay gap in non-farm wage- and self-employment activities across three countries at different stages of structural transformation (Malawi, Tanzania and Nigeria). The analysis leverages nationally-representative survey data and decomposition methods, and is conducted separately among individuals residing in rural versus urban areas in each country. The results show that women earn 40 to 46 percent less than men in urban areas, which is substantially less than in high-income countries. The gender pay gap in rural areas ranges from (a statistically insignificant) 12 percent in Tanzania to 77 percent in Nigeria. In all rural areas, a major share of the gender pay gap (81 percent in Malawi, 83 percent in Tanzania and 70 percent in Nigeria) is explained by differences in workers’ characteristics, including education, occupation and sector. This suggests that if rural men and women had similar characteristics, most of the gender pay gap would disappear. Country-differences are larger across urban areas, where differences in characteristics account for only 32 percent of the pay gap in Tanzania, 50 percent in Malawi and 81 percent in Nigeria. Our detailed decomposition results suggest that structural transformation does not consistently help bridge the gender pay gap. Gender-sensitive policies are required to ensure equal pay for men and women.

Gender pay gap data, with year on year change and extended information (such as part-time mean and median, bonus & BIK info, etc. for Central Statistics Office (CSO). Data is available for 2022-2025 for most companies.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset presents median income data over a decade or more for males and females categorized by Total, Full-Time Year-Round (FT), and Part-Time (PT) employment in University Park. It showcases annual income, providing insights into gender-specific income distributions and the disparities between full-time and part-time work. The dataset can be utilized to gain insights into gender-based pay disparity trends and explore the variations in income for male and female individuals.

Key observations: Insights from 2023

Based on our analysis ACS 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates, we present the following observations: - All workers, aged 15 years and older: In University Park, the median income for all workers aged 15 years and older, regardless of work hours, was $139,583 for males and $30,533 for females.

These income figures highlight a substantial gender-based income gap in University Park. Women, regardless of work hours, earn 22 cents for each dollar earned by men. This significant gender pay gap, approximately 78%, underscores concerning gender-based income inequality in the city of University Park.

- Full-time workers, aged 15 years and older: In University Park, among full-time, year-round workers aged 15 years and older, males earned a median income of $250,001, while females earned $120,335, leading to a 52% gender pay gap among full-time workers. This illustrates that women earn 48 cents for each dollar earned by men in full-time roles. This level of income gap emphasizes the urgency to address and rectify this ongoing disparity, where women, despite working full-time, face a more significant wage discrepancy compared to men in the same employment roles.

Remarkably, across all roles, including non-full-time employment, women displayed a similar gender pay gap percentage. This indicates a consistent gender pay gap scenario across various employment types in University Park, showcasing a consistent income pattern irrespective of employment status.

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates. All incomes have been adjusting for inflation and are presented in 2023-inflation-adjusted dollars.

Gender classifications include:

• Male
• Female

Employment type classifications include:

• Full-time, year-round: A full-time, year-round worker is a person who worked full time (35 or more hours per week) and 50 or more weeks during the previous calendar year.
• Part-time: A part-time worker is a person who worked less than 35 hours per week during the previous calendar year.

Variables / Data Columns

• Year: This column presents the data year. Expected values are 2010 to 2023
• Male Total Income: Annual median income, for males regardless of work hours
• Male FT Income: Annual median income, for males working full time, year-round
• Male PT Income: Annual median income, for males working part time
• Female Total Income: Annual median income, for females regardless of work hours
• Female FT Income: Annual median income, for females working full time, year-round
• Female PT Income: Annual median income, for females working part time

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for University Park median household income by race. You can refer the same here

About this dataset

Context

The dataset presents median income data over a decade or more for males and females categorized by Total, Full-Time Year-Round (FT), and Part-Time (PT) employment in Youngstown. It showcases annual income, providing insights into gender-specific income distributions and the disparities between full-time and part-time work. The dataset can be utilized to gain insights into gender-based pay disparity trends and explore the variations in income for male and female individuals.

Key observations: Insights from 2023

Based on our analysis ACS 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates, we present the following observations: - All workers, aged 15 years and older: In Youngstown, the median income for all workers aged 15 years and older, regardless of work hours, was $22,318 for males and $19,788 for females.

Based on these incomes, we observe a gender gap percentage of approximately 11%, indicating a significant disparity between the median incomes of males and females in Youngstown. Women, regardless of work hours, still earn 89 cents to each dollar earned by men, highlighting an ongoing gender-based wage gap.

- Full-time workers, aged 15 years and older: In Youngstown, among full-time, year-round workers aged 15 years and older, males earned a median income of $46,083, while females earned $41,880, resulting in a 9% gender pay gap among full-time workers. This illustrates that women earn 91 cents for each dollar earned by men in full-time positions. While this gap shows a trend where women are inching closer to wage parity with men, it also exhibits a noticeable income difference for women working full-time in the city of Youngstown.

Remarkably, across all roles, including non-full-time employment, women displayed a similar gender pay gap percentage. This indicates a consistent gender pay gap scenario across various employment types in Youngstown, showcasing a consistent income pattern irrespective of employment status.

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates. All incomes have been adjusting for inflation and are presented in 2023-inflation-adjusted dollars.

Gender classifications include:

• Male
• Female

Employment type classifications include:

• Full-time, year-round: A full-time, year-round worker is a person who worked full time (35 or more hours per week) and 50 or more weeks during the previous calendar year.
• Part-time: A part-time worker is a person who worked less than 35 hours per week during the previous calendar year.

Variables / Data Columns

• Year: This column presents the data year. Expected values are 2010 to 2023
• Male Total Income: Annual median income, for males regardless of work hours
• Male FT Income: Annual median income, for males working full time, year-round
• Male PT Income: Annual median income, for males working part time
• Female Total Income: Annual median income, for females regardless of work hours
• Female FT Income: Annual median income, for females working full time, year-round
• Female PT Income: Annual median income, for females working part time

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Youngstown median household income by race. You can refer the same here

In 2024, the gender pay gap for the median wages in Japan was **** percent. Compared to other OECD countries, Japan was one of the countries with the highest gender pay gap.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset presents median income data over a decade or more for males and females categorized by Total, Full-Time Year-Round (FT), and Part-Time (PT) employment in Washington. It showcases annual income, providing insights into gender-specific income distributions and the disparities between full-time and part-time work. The dataset can be utilized to gain insights into gender-based pay disparity trends and explore the variations in income for male and female individuals.

Key observations: Insights from 2023

Based on our analysis ACS 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates, we present the following observations: - All workers, aged 15 years and older: In Washington, the median income for all workers aged 15 years and older, regardless of work hours, was $53,564 for males and $28,653 for females.

These income figures highlight a substantial gender-based income gap in Washington. Women, regardless of work hours, earn 53 cents for each dollar earned by men. This significant gender pay gap, approximately 47%, underscores concerning gender-based income inequality in the city of Washington.

- Full-time workers, aged 15 years and older: In Washington, among full-time, year-round workers aged 15 years and older, males earned a median income of $79,541, while females earned $48,103, leading to a 40% gender pay gap among full-time workers. This illustrates that women earn 60 cents for each dollar earned by men in full-time roles. This level of income gap emphasizes the urgency to address and rectify this ongoing disparity, where women, despite working full-time, face a more significant wage discrepancy compared to men in the same employment roles.

Remarkably, across all roles, including non-full-time employment, women displayed a similar gender pay gap percentage. This indicates a consistent gender pay gap scenario across various employment types in Washington, showcasing a consistent income pattern irrespective of employment status.

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates. All incomes have been adjusting for inflation and are presented in 2023-inflation-adjusted dollars.

Gender classifications include:

• Male
• Female

Employment type classifications include:

• Full-time, year-round: A full-time, year-round worker is a person who worked full time (35 or more hours per week) and 50 or more weeks during the previous calendar year.
• Part-time: A part-time worker is a person who worked less than 35 hours per week during the previous calendar year.

Variables / Data Columns

• Year: This column presents the data year. Expected values are 2010 to 2023
• Male Total Income: Annual median income, for males regardless of work hours
• Male FT Income: Annual median income, for males working full time, year-round
• Male PT Income: Annual median income, for males working part time
• Female Total Income: Annual median income, for females regardless of work hours
• Female FT Income: Annual median income, for females working full time, year-round
• Female PT Income: Annual median income, for females working part time

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Washington median household income by race. You can refer the same here

In 2021, female employee earnings were outpaced by male earnings across nearly all industries, with sharp disparities in the professional and technical services industry, as well as the finance and insurance industry. In that year, there were no industries in which women earned more than men.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset presents median income data over a decade or more for males and females categorized by Total, Full-Time Year-Round (FT), and Part-Time (PT) employment in Washington. It showcases annual income, providing insights into gender-specific income distributions and the disparities between full-time and part-time work. The dataset can be utilized to gain insights into gender-based pay disparity trends and explore the variations in income for male and female individuals.

Key observations: Insights from 2023

Based on our analysis ACS 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates, we present the following observations: - All workers, aged 15 years and older: In Washington, the median income for all workers aged 15 years and older, regardless of work hours, was $32,045 for males and $27,610 for females.

Based on these incomes, we observe a gender gap percentage of approximately 14%, indicating a significant disparity between the median incomes of males and females in Washington. Women, regardless of work hours, still earn 86 cents to each dollar earned by men, highlighting an ongoing gender-based wage gap.

- Full-time workers, aged 15 years and older: In Washington, among full-time, year-round workers aged 15 years and older, males earned a median income of $55,733, while females earned $55,090, resulting in a 1% gender pay gap among full-time workers. This illustrates that women earn 99 cents for each dollar earned by men in full-time positions. While this gap shows a trend where women are inching closer to wage parity with men, it also exhibits a noticeable income difference for women working full-time in the city of Washington.

Remarkably, across all roles, including non-full-time employment, women displayed a similar gender pay gap percentage. This indicates a consistent gender pay gap scenario across various employment types in Washington, showcasing a consistent income pattern irrespective of employment status.

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates. All incomes have been adjusting for inflation and are presented in 2023-inflation-adjusted dollars.

Gender classifications include:

• Male
• Female

Employment type classifications include:

• Full-time, year-round: A full-time, year-round worker is a person who worked full time (35 or more hours per week) and 50 or more weeks during the previous calendar year.
• Part-time: A part-time worker is a person who worked less than 35 hours per week during the previous calendar year.

Variables / Data Columns

• Year: This column presents the data year. Expected values are 2010 to 2023
• Male Total Income: Annual median income, for males regardless of work hours
• Male FT Income: Annual median income, for males working full time, year-round
• Male PT Income: Annual median income, for males working part time
• Female Total Income: Annual median income, for females regardless of work hours
• Female FT Income: Annual median income, for females working full time, year-round
• Female PT Income: Annual median income, for females working part time

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Washington median household income by race. You can refer the same here

The difference between male and female hourly earnings as a share of male earnings in the European Union was 12 percent in 2023, compared with 12.9 percent in 2020. The gender pay gap has reduced significantly in the European Union since the early 2010s, when it peaked at 16.4 percent in 2012.