In 2021, female employee earnings were outpaced by male earnings across nearly all industries, with sharp disparities in the professional and technical services industry, as well as the finance and insurance industry. In that year, there were no industries in which women earned more than men.

The statistic shows the female to male earnings ratio in the United States in the fourth quarter of 2022, based on the median income in current U.S. dollars, by age group. In the fourth quarter of 2022, the earnings ratio of female to male workers aged between 16 to 24 years was at about 92.9 percent.

In 2023, the Rhode Island had the highest earnings ratio for women, as female workers earned 89.05 percent of their male counterparts on average. The state of Louisiana had the lowest earnings ratio for female workers, who earned 71.03 percent of what their male counterparts earn.

The difference between the earnings of women and men shrunk slightly over the past years. Considering the controlled gender pay gap, which measures the median salary for men and women with the same job and qualifications, women earned one U.S. cent less. By comparison, the uncontrolled gender pay gap measures the median salary for all men and all women across all sectors and industries and regardless of location and qualification. In 2024, the uncontrolled gender pay gap in the world stood at 0.83, meaning that women earned 0.83 dollars for every dollar earned by men.

In 2023, the gender pay gap in Germany was around 18 percent. This meant that wages for men were on average 18 percent higher than for women. Although figures have gradually decreased since 2009, this figure has remained unchanged for three years.

As of 2022, Belgium is the country with the most equal pay between the genders of OECD countries. The gender pay gap was at 1.1 percent. South Korea, on the other hand, is the country with the highest gender pay gap of the OECD countries, with a 31.2 percent difference between the genders. The gender pay gap displays the difference between median wages of full-time employed men and full-time employed women.

In 2021, female elementary and middle school teachers earned on average 1,138 U.S. dollars per week, while their male counterparts earned 1,301 U.S. dollars. Male office supervisors made an average of 1,184 U.S. dollars per week, while female supervisors earned an average of 913 U.S. dollars.

In Italy, the percentage of the gender salary gap has been lower for managers compared to white- and blue-collar workers. According to data provided by JobPricing, in 2023 female top managers earned on average 6.1 percent less than males, while for white-collar workers salaries were almost ten percent higher for men than for women.

As of August 2023, the gender wage gap in Indonesian rural areas was around 29.48 percent. This indicates that the average wage for male workers in rural areas was 29.48 percent higher than for female workers. Compared to the previous year, the gender wage gap in urban and rural areas had increased by about 1.9 and 0.13 percent, respectively.

In 2023, Italian women earned annually 2,300 euros less than men. However, the gender pay gap decreased in the last years. In 2016, it amounted to 12.7 percent in favor of men, whereas the difference in 2022 was equal to 11.5 percent. For 2023, it reduced to 7.3 percent. According to JobPricing, the annual gross salary of women amounted to 29,400 euros in 2023. On the other hand, men had an average annual salary of 31,700 euros. Differences in the sectors Different sectors registered various levels of pay gaps. For instance, in the banking and financial services, the difference in between the salaries of men and women favored men by 8,700 euros in 2020. Nonetheless, in very few sectors, the gap favors women. In the construction industry, women earned, on average, around 4,000 euros more than men. In the field of metallurgy and steel, women and men were equally paid. Regional differences In Italy, significant wage differences can also be observed among regions. As of 2023, the north Italian regions registered higher average annual salaries compared to the southern regions. Lombardy, in the north, had the highest average wages in the country, 33,000 euros per year. On the other hand, people living in Basilicata, in the south, had the lowest wages in the country, 26,200 euros annually.

As of August 2023, the gender wage gap among Indonesian service workers was around 46.57 percent, the highest compared to other types of occupations. This indicates that the average wage for male service workers was 46.57 percent higher than female workers. The second highest gender wage gap was found among professionals, technicians, and other similar positions, reaching around 37.26 percent in gender wage gap.

In 2024, the difference between average hourly earnings for men and women in the United Kingdom for all workers was 13.1 percent, compared with seven percent for full-time workers, and -3 percent for part-time workers. During the provided time period, the gender pay gap was at its highest in 1997, when it was 27.5 percent for all workers. Compared with 1997, the gender pay gap has fallen by 13.2 percent for all workers, and 9.7 percent for full-time workers. Gender pay gap higher in older age groups Although the gender pay gap among younger age groups was quite small in 2023, the double-digit pay gap evident in older age groups served to keep the overall gap high. The gender pay gap for workers aged between 18 and 21 for example was -0.2 percent, compared with 11.2 percent for people in their 50s. Additionally the gender pay gap for people aged over 60 has changed little since 1997, falling by just 0.5 percent between 1997 and 2023, compared with a 12.8 percent reduction among workers in their 40s. Positions of power As of 2023, women are unfortunately still relatively underrepresented in leadership positions at Britain’s top businesses. Among FTSE 100 companies, for example, just 11 percent of CEOs were female, falling to just four percent for FTSE 250 companies. Representation was better when it came to FTSE 100 boardrooms, with 42.6 percent of positions at this level being filled by women, compared with 41.8 percent at FTSE 250 companies. In the corridors of political power, the proportion of female MPs was estimated to have reached its highest ever level after the 2024 election at 41 percent, compared with just three percent in 1979.

Around half of the people in the world believe that concerns about the gender pay gap are a response to a real problem. This was stated by 54 percent of the female respondents and 45 percent of the male respondents in a 2021 survey. At the same time, however, 24 percent of the male respondents saw these concerns as an example of political correctness going too far, which was around 10 percent more than the female respondents. Overall, 36 percent believe that closing the gender pay gap is important and should be one of the world's top priorities right now.

In 2024, Barbados was the country with the highest gender pay gap index in Latin America and the Caribbean, with a score of 0.87. Guatemala, on the other hand, had the worst score in the region, at 0.45 points. This shows that, on average, women's income in Guatemala represents only 45 percent of the income received by men. Is the gender pay gap likely to be bridged? In a 2021 survey, 55 percent of respondents in Peru thought it was likely that women will be paid as much as men for the same work. This was one of the most optimistic perspectives when compared to the other Latin American nations surveyed. For instance, in Brazil, only one third of the adults interviewed said that this would be possible in the near future. Based on people's views on salary equality, Mexico was found to be one of the Latin American countries with the best wage equality perception index, which shows that the population's perceptions do not always match reality. In Mexico, the gender pay gap based on estimated income stood at 0.52. The software pay gap in Mexico The digital era does not necessarily favor income equality between genders. Recent data shows that men working in the Mexican software industry receive significantly higher monthly salaries than women or non-binary persons. Wage differences based on gender were specially noticeable in the field of software architecture, where a woman's salary represented, on average, only 60 percent of what a man would earn for performing the same tasks in a comparable position.

In 2023, the gender pay gap for the median wages in Japan was 22 percent. Compared to other OECD countries, Japan was one of the countries with the highest gender pay gap during the measured period.

Based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics in 2018, women working full-time as registered nurses earned 91 percent of what their male counterparts earned. This statistic shows women's median weekly earnings as a percentage of men's for select full-time health care positions in the U.S. for full-time wage earners during 2018.

The unadjusted gender pay gap in Russia reached 23.7 percent in 2021. In other words, the difference between the average hourly wages of men and women amounted to nearly 24 percent of the average hourly male wages. The higher this share is, the higher the difference is between male and female earnings in a country.

Gender pay gap situation in Russia Over the period under consideration from 2005, Russia's gender pay gap generally decreased. In 2005, it peaked at nearly 34 percent, while the lowest figure was marked in 2013, at below 23 percent. Despite the recent decreases, as of 2021, there was not a single industry where women earned more than men in Russia. For example, in the information and communication industry, female employees earned on average 35.8 thousand less than a month than male employees. Overall, across industries, a female's salary constituted 72.5 percent of that of a man in Russia.

Is gender pay equality likely in Russia? In the ranking of most gender-equal countries in the world, Russia placed 49th with an index of 0.2 where zero referred to full equality and one meant full inequality. Furthermore, almost a half of Russians believed that full gender equality with respect to pay is unlikely in the country. To compare, 70 percent of respondents in China believed the opposite, according to a survey from 2021.

In Iceland, there is an income gap between men and women. Between 2008 and 2021, women earned significantly less than men per hour. However, the gap decreased gradually since 2013, falling to nine percent by 2022. Despite this income disparity, Iceland topped the rankings for gender equality in 2023> due to the high level of living standards, female representation in business and politics, and maternal benefits.

In 2023, the women-to-men earnings ratio in South Korea was approximately 65.3 percent. While this figure has increased in recent years, the gender pay gap remains significant in South Korean society. South Korea's gender pay gap An increasing number of South Korean women have joined the workforce in recent years. However, the female labor force participation rate remains significantly lower than the average of countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). As of 2022, South Korea also had the largest gender pay gap among OECD countries. Challenges of work-life balance The struggle to balance childcare responsibilities with career demands disproportionately affects working women. This is especially true in South Korea, where a survey on women's equality has shown that employers do not provide adequate support for women to achieve a healthy work-life balance. One significant obstacle that makes it difficult for South Korean women to advance in their careers is the challenge of returning to work after an extended career break, such as maternity leave.

The difference between male and female hourly earnings as a share of male earnings in the European Union was 12 percent in 2023, compared with 12.9 percent in 2020. The gender pay gap has reduced significantly in the European Union since the early 2010s, when it peaked at 16.4 percent in 2012.