A survey conducted in April and May 2023 revealed that around 55 percent of the companies that do business in the European Union (EU) and the United Kingdom (UK) found it challenging to adapt to new or changing requirements of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or Data Protection Act 2018 (DPA). A further 45 percent of the survey respondents said it was challenging to increase the budget because of the changes in the data privacy laws.

As of January 2025, The European Union (EU) had three fully operating and one upcoming law regarding online privacy and the usage of digital technologies. The first one, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), was enacted in May 2018. The second law became effective on February 17, 2024, and is called the Digital Services Act (DSA). In March 2024, another law protecting consumer privacy, the Digital Markets Act, was enacted. The latest regulation adopted by the European Union (EU) is called the Cyber Resilience Act (CRA), which became active in December 2024.

Since the EU's implementation of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in May 2018, numerous fines have been issued for violations or non-compliance. Of these, the fine of 1.2 billion euros received by Meta Platforms, Inc. in May 2023 has been by far the greatest. The company was issued such a penalty for personal data transfers to the United States without sufficiently complying with the EU regulation.

Prior to the entry into force of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) on May 25, 2018, any digital file or device recording personal data must, prior to its implementation, be declared to the CNIL (except, in particular, designation of a correspondent IT and Liberties by the organisation concerned or exemption from declaration decided by the CNIL).

This statement, often simplified, made it possible to raise awareness of the file manager’s legal obligations. It took the form of a request for advice or an authorisation request for the most sensitive files.

In accordance with the amended Data Protection Act, the CNIL keeps available to the public a list of these declarations prior to the entry into application of the GDPR, in an open and easily reusable format.

** Warning 1**: the published data do not concern the formalities completed as of 25 May 2018, the date of application of the GDPR.

** Warning 2**: the data made available are those declared to the CNIL by the bodies that have completed the formalities. The CNIL cannot be held responsible for their content.

As of February 2025, the largest fine issued for violation of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the United Kingdom (UK) was more than 22 million euros, received by British Airways in October 2020. Another fine received by Marriott International Inc. in the same month was the second-highest in the UK and amounted to over 20 million euros.

Contracts concluded between the Controller and the Processor pursuant to Act No. 18/2018 Coll. and General Data Protection Regulation — GDPR

Collection of definitions of terms in English, French, German, Italian and Spanish extracted from the following data-related European laws:

1. Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 March 2007 establishing an Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE)

2. Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation) (Text with EEA relevance)

3. Commission Recommendation (EU) 2018/790 of 25 April 2018 on access to and preservation of scientific information

4. Regulation (EU) 2018/1807 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 November 2018 on a framework for the free flow of non-personal data in the European Union (Text with EEA relevance)

5. Directive (EU) 2019/790 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market and amending Directives 96/9/EC and 2001/29/EC (Text with EEA relevance)

6. Directive (EU) 2019/1024 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 on open data and the re-use of public sector information (recast) (Open Data Directive)

7. Regulation (EU) 2022/868 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2022 on European data governance and amending Regulation (EU) 2018/1724 (Data Governance Act) (Text with EEA relevance)

8. Regulation (EU) 2022/1925 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 September 2022 on contestable and fair markets in the digital sector and amending Directives (EU) 2019/1937 and (EU) 2020/1828 (Digital Markets Act) (Text with EEA relevance)

9. Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 October 2022 on a Single Market For Digital Services and amending Directive 2000/31/EC (Digital Services Act) (Text with EEA relevance)

10. Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/138 of 21 December 2022 laying down a list of specific high-value datasets and the arrangements for their publication and re-use (Text with EEA relevance)

11. Regulation (EU) 2023/2854 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2023 on harmonised rules on fair access to and use of data and amending Regulation (EU) 2017/2394 and Directive (EU) 2020/1828 (Data Act)

12. Regulation (EU) 2024/903 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 March 2024 laying down measures for a high level of public sector interoperability across the Union (Interoperable Europe Act)

13. Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence and amending Regulations (EC) No 300/2008, (EU) No 167/2013, (EU) No 168/2013, (EU) 2018/858, (EU) 2018/1139 and (EU) 2019/2144 and Directives 2014/90/EU, (EU) 2016/797 and (EU) 2020/1828 (Artificial Intelligence Act) Text with EEA relevance.

In September 2024, the Irish Data Protection Commission fined Meta Ireland 91 million euros after passwords of social media users were stored in 'plaintext' on Meta's internal systems rather than with cryptographic protection or encryption. In May 2023, the EU fined Meta 1.2 billion euros for violating laws on digital privacy and putting the data of EU citizens at risk through Facebook's EU-U.S. data transfers. European privacy legislation is seen as being far stricter than American privacy law, and the sending of EU citizens’ data to the United States resulted in the record breaking penalty being issued to the tech giant. In January 2023, after it was discovered that Meta Platforms had improperly required that users of Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp accept personalized adverts to use the platforms, the company was issued a 390 million euro fine by the European Commission. EU regulators claim that the social media giant broke the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) by including the demand in its terms of service. In addition, Meta was fined 405 million euros by the Irish Data Protection Commission (DPC) in September 2022 for violating Instagram's children's privacy settings. In November 2022, the DPC fined Meta a further 265 million euros for failing to protect their users from data scraping. GDPR violations in 2022 Social media sites and companies are not the only types of online services upon which users' data can potentially be compromised. In 2022, the online service with the biggest fine for violating GDPR was e-commerce and digital powerhouse Amazon, which was issued a 746 million euro fine. Furthermore, in December 2021, Google was penalized 90 million euros for GDPR violations. What are the most common GDPR violations? Since GDPR went into effect in May 2018, fines have been imposed for a variety of reasons. As of June 2022, companies' non-compliance with general data processing principles accounted for the largest share of fines, resulting in over 845 million euros worth of penalties. Insufficient legal basis for data processing was the second most common violation, amounting to 447 million euros in fines.

Collection of definitions of terms in English, French, German, Italian and Spanish extracted from the following data-related European laws:

Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 March 2007 establishing an Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE)

Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation) (Text with EEA relevance)

Commission Recommendation (EU) 2018/790 of 25 April 2018 on access to and preservation of scientific information

Regulation (EU) 2018/1807 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 November 2018 on a framework for the free flow of non-personal data in the European Union (Text with EEA relevance)

Directive (EU) 2019/790 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market and amending Directives 96/9/EC and 2001/29/EC (Text with EEA relevance)

Directive (EU) 2019/1024 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 on open data and the re-use of public sector information (recast) (Open Data Directive)

Regulation (EU) 2021/695 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 April 2021 establishing Horizon Europe – the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, laying down its rules for participation and dissemination, and repealing Regulations (EU) No 1290/2013 and (EU) No 1291/2013 (Text with EEA relevance)

Regulation (EU) 2022/868 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2022 on European data governance and amending Regulation (EU) 2018/1724 (Data Governance Act) (Text with EEA relevance)

Regulation (EU) 2022/1925 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 September 2022 on contestable and fair markets in the digital sector and amending Directives (EU) 2019/1937 and (EU) 2020/1828 (Digital Markets Act) (Text with EEA relevance)

Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 October 2022 on a Single Market For Digital Services and amending Directive 2000/31/EC (Digital Services Act) (Text with EEA relevance)

Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/138 of 21 December 2022 laying down a list of specific high-value datasets and the arrangements for their publication and re-use (Text with EEA relevance)

Regulation (EU) 2023/2854 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2023 on harmonised rules on fair access to and use of data and amending Regulation (EU) 2017/2394 and Directive (EU) 2020/1828 (Data Act)

Regulation (EU) 2024/903 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 March 2024 laying down measures for a high level of public sector interoperability across the Union (Interoperable Europe Act)

Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence and amending Regulations (EC) No 300/2008, (EU) No 167/2013, (EU) No 168/2013, (EU) 2018/858, (EU) 2018/1139 and (EU) 2019/2144 and Directives 2014/90/EU, (EU) 2016/797 and (EU) 2020/1828 (Artificial Intelligence Act) Text with EEA relevance.

As of February 2025, the industry sector seeing the largest fines issued for General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) violations, was media, telecoms and broadcasting. The industry has seen approximately four billion euros in fines, in total, since the enforcement of the law in 2018.

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Data Loss Prevention Market Size 2024-2028

The data loss prevention market size is forecast to increase by USD 5.64 billion at a CAGR of 29.52% between 2023 and 2028.

The market is experiencing significant growth due to several key trends. One major trend is the increasing use of the cloud for data storage, which has led to a higher need for DLP solutions to secure sensitive information. Another trend is the implementation of analytics for preventing data loss, enabling organizations to proactively identify and mitigate potential breaches. 
Companies are addressing these challenges by providing user-friendly solutions that can be easily integrated into existing IT and network security. However, challenges persist In the deployment of DLP solutions, including complexities in managing and integrating various DLP tools and ensuring compliance with evolving data protection regulations. These factors collectively shape the dynamic landscape of the DLP market.

What will be the Size of the Data Loss Prevention Market During the Forecast Period?

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The market is experiencing significant growth due to increasing concerns around data security and privacy. DLP solutions help organizations prevent sensitive data from being leaked or stolen through various channels, including network traffic, IoT platforms, and email platforms. Key drivers include the proliferation of remote work and the adoption of cloud services, which increase the risk of data breaches.
Additionally, regulations such as SOC 2, PCI DSS, HIPAA, GDPR, and others mandate strong DLP capabilities for organizations handling sensitive data. The services segment, which includes consulting and integration services, is also experiencing growth as organizations seek to optimize their DLP investments. Furthermore, the integration of DLP with Secure Access Service Edge (SASE), Secure Web Gateway (SWG), and other security solutions is an emerging trend In the market.

How is this Data Loss Prevention Industry segmented and which is the largest segment?

The DLP industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2024-2028, as well as historical data from 2018-2022 for the following segments.

Deployment

  Cloud-based
  On-premises


Technology

  Datacenter/Storage-based DLP
  Endpoint DLP
  Network DLP


Geography

  North America

    US


  Europe

    Germany
    UK


  APAC

    China
    Japan


  South America



  Middle East and Africa

By Deployment Insights

The cloud-based segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

Cloud Data Loss Prevention (DLP) solutions safeguard businesses utilizing cloud storage by encrypting sensitive data before transmission to authorized cloud applications. These solutions delete or modify classified data before sharing files, securing data both in transit and storage. Key advantages of cloud DLP include scanning and encrypting servers for sensitive data before cloud transfer, auditing previously stored cloud data, and seamless integration with cloud storage services. Furthermore, cloud DLP solutions are essential for large enterprises and SMEs, mitigating risks from cyberattacks and high-profile data breaches. Compliance with regulations such as SOC 2, PCI DSS, HIPAA, GDPR, and the Data Protection Act is ensured through encryption and policy adherence. Cloud DLP solutions also support various sectors, including IoT, Big Data, and cloud computing, offering encryption, AI, and robotics capabilities.

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The cloud-based segment was valued at USD 373.70 million in 2018 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Regional Analysis

North America is estimated to contribute 38% to the growth of the global market during the forecast period.

Technavio's analysts have elaborately explained the regional trends and drivers that shape the market during the forecast period.

For more insights on the market share of various regions, Request Free Sample

The North American market is projected to expand substantially over the forecast period, driven by European companies' increasing investments in this region, particularly In the US and Canada. The penetration of DLP solutions among Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) remains low, as most companies focus on large enterprises. To address this gap, some companies are introducing DLP solutions tailored for SMBs. Network DLP, Cloud-based DLP, Endpoint DLP, and On-premises DLP are the major segments in this market.

Key technologies include Artificial Intelligence (AI), Encryption, and Policy procedures. DLP solutions are crucial in mitigating risks from cyberattacks and high-profile data breache

List of properties licensed under the Council’s HMO Licensing Scheme. This list is updated on a monthly basis. Under section 232 of The Housing Act 2004 the London Borough of Barnet is required to maintain and make available a public register of licensed Houses in Multiple Occupations. An extract of the register is published on the Council’s website here. The dataset is not intended for marketing purposes and none of the individuals or organisations mentioned within this register have given their consent for such use. Companies wishing to use this data for commercial purposes, and marketing in particular, are advised to consider whether their use of this data complies with the UK General Data Protection Regulations (GDPR), Data Protection Act 2018, and the Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations 2003. Information Rights are upheld by the Information Commissioners Office, for further information, see the Information Commissioner’s Office website at ww.ico.org.uk. More information on Houses in Multiple Occupancy can be found on our website as well as on the council's Planning portal. You will need to select "Houses in Multiple Occupation" from the drop-down menu and click "Search":

The Italian electricity provider Enel Energia was fined 79.1 million euros by Italy's data privacy regulator, marking the highest fine ever issued in the country since the implementation of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in May 2018. Prior to this, the most significant fine was imposed in January 2020, when the telecommunications company Telecom Italia (TIM) was penalized 27.8 million euros, making it the second-largest GDPR-related fine in Italy.

Snapshot img

Virtual Data Room Market Size 2024-2028

The virtual data room (VDR) market size is forecast to increase by USD 900.5 million at a CAGR of 8.09% between 2023 and 2028.

The market is experiencing significant growth due to several key trends. One of the primary drivers is the increasing need for continuous monitoring of compliance-related documents to ensure regulatory adherence. This is particularly relevant in industries such as finance, healthcare, and legal services. Another trend is the expanding market penetration In the Asia-Pacific region, where businesses are increasingly recognizing the benefits of using VDRs for secure document sharing and collaboration. The market is expanding as businesses increasingly rely on master data management solutions and data centers to securely store, manage, and share sensitive information during mergers, acquisitions, and other critical transactions. However, data privacy concerns continue to pose a challenge for the market, as organizations must ensure that sensitive information is protected while still allowing authorized users to access it. Overall, the market is poised for continued growth as more businesses adopt these solutions to streamline document management and improve security and compliance.

What will be the Size of the Virtual Data Room (VDR) Market During the Forecast Period?

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The market is experiencing significant growth due to increasing demand for secure file sharing, compliance automation, and data management solutions. The market's size is projected to expand as businesses seek to streamline deal flow, reduce costs, and ensure regulatory compliance with data protection regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA). VDRs offer advanced features like audit trails, data insights, data governance, business continuity, and cybersecurity, making them an essential tool for various industries, including investment banking, venture capital, private equity, and legal tech. Additionally, the flexible and remote work capabilities of VDRs have become increasingly valuable in today's digital business landscape.
Other trends driving market growth include data portability, cloud migration, efficiency gains, competitive advantage, access control, data retention, data analytics, data visualization, and regulatory compliance in sectors like property management, construction management, fintech, and enterprise software. Overall, the market is poised for continued expansion as businesses prioritize secure and efficient data management solutions.

How is this Virtual Data Room (VDR) Industry segmented and which is the largest segment?

The industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2024-2028, as well as historical data from 2018-2022 for the following segments.

Application

  M and As and IPOs
  Enterprise activities
  Document warehousing


Deployment

  On-premises
  Cloud-based


Geography

  North America

    US


  Europe

    UK
    France


  APAC

    China
    Japan


  South America



  Middle East and Africa

By Application Insights

The M and AS and IPOs segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period. Virtual Data Rooms (VDRs) have gained significant market traction as more enterprises adopt this advanced technology for secure data sharing during mergers and acquisitions (M&A) and Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) due diligence. Both on-premises and cloud-based VDRs are utilized for this purpose. The increasing importance of VDRs in sectors like BFSI, telecommunications, and healthcare is driving market growth. Confidential document maintenance is crucial during M&A processes, and VDRs provide a secure online space for this purpose. The rise in international collaborations and the need for scalable document-sharing solutions further boost the demand for VDRs. Advanced features like AI-powered document tracking, document catalogs, granular access control, and audit trails enhance the functionality of VDRs.

Additionally, compliance with regulatory requirements and data security concerns are addressed through features like e-signatures, compliance and audit, and secure online space with watermarking and consulting services. VDRs also facilitate real estate transactions, project management, and data evaluation, among other business functions. Despite the benefits, concerns around data breaches and internet connection reliability persist, necessitating continued investment in data security and communication infrastructure. Overall, VDRs offer a cost-effective, secure, and efficient solution for managing sensitive data during strategic transactions and collaborations.

Get a glance at the market report of share of various segments Request

This data set includes information on the recognised obligations recorded at 31 December of each financial year, the budget of the Madrid City Council (Government Areas and Districts) and Autonomous Bodies, from financial year 2011 to the last financial year settled. These recognized obligations correspond to the works, services, works, agreements and subsidies made, signed or received by third parties, in the case of legal entities. The data of third parties that are natural persons refer to professionals who have carried out work or services with the different Municipal Government Areas, districts and Autonomous Bodies The remuneration received by the staff of the City Council and Autonomous Bodies is not contemplated, nor are the payments, subsidies, transfers, prizes, etc. received by natural persons, in accordance with the General Data Protection Regulation (EU) 2016/679) and with Organic Law 3/2018, of December 5, on the Protection of Personal Data and guarantee of digital rights. In the Associated Documentation section you can find a structure document where you can consult information about the meaning of the fields of the files that you can download with the information in reusable format.

Since the implementation of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in May 2018, the most significant fine issued in Germany was against the clothing company H&M (Hennes & Mauritz Online Shop) for recording and storing the personal life circumstances of its employees. The fine amounted to over 35,26 million euros and was issued in October 2020. In January 2021, a 10.4 million euros fine was imposed against the electronics retailer notebooksbilliger.de for video-monitoring its employees without a legal basis.

As of June 2023, Spain was the European country to issue the largest number of GDPR violation fines - over 650. Italy followed, with the local authorities dispensing approximately 265 fines under the European Union general data protection regulation (GDPR). Applied from May 2018 onward, the GDPR is Europe's data protection law, and it is enforced within all the EU Member States.

As of February 2025, the industry sector seeing the highest number of fines issued for General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) violations was industry and commerce. This industry has seen a total of 476 fines since the enforcement of the law in May 2018.

Since the implementation of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in May 2018, the most significant fine issued in France was against Google LLC. The French data privacy regulator imposed this fine in December 2021 after receiving several complaints regarding cookie policies on the websites google.fr and youtube.com. Overall, among the ten highest fines issued for GDPR violations, three involved Google.

Since the introduction of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in May 2018, the largest fine imposed in Spain was against Google LLC. In May 2022, the company was fined 10 million euros for illegal data processing. The second largest penalty was given to Vodafone España, S.A.U., which was fined 8.15 million euros in March 2021, and received another fine of 3.94 million euros in February 2020, both for various GDPR violations. Caixabank S.A., a Spanish company, was fined two fines of five million euros each, and an additional fine of three million euros on different occasions.