The General Social Survey (GSS) conducts basic scientific research on the structure and development of American society with a data-collection program designed to both monitor societal change within the United States and to compare the United States to other nations. Begun in 1972, the GSS contains a standard 'core' of demographic, behavioral, and attitudinal questions, plus topics of special interest. Many of the core questions have remained unchanged since 1972 to facilitate time-trend studies as well as replication of earlier findings.

The General Social Surveys (GSS) have been conducted by the National Opinion Research Center annually since 1972 except for the years 1979, 1981, and 1992 (a supplement was added in 1992), and biennially beginning in 1994. The GSS are designed as part of a program of social indicator research, replicating questionnaire items and wording in order to facilitate time-trend studies. Items in the 2002 GSS include questions on religious self-identification, denominational affiliation, church attendance, personal beliefs, and religious upbringing.

To download syntax files for the GSS that reproduce well-known religious group recodes, including RELTRAD, please visit the "/research/syntax-repository-list" Target="_blank">ARDA's Syntax Repository.

The General Social Survey (GSS), conducted annually between 1972 and 1994 (except for 1979, 1981, and 1992) and biennially thereafter by the National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago, collects information from the general public on a wide variety of subjects, including attitudes toward social issues, religion, education, jobs and the economy, government and other institutions, politics, and policy issues. Many questions are asked either in every survey or at various intervals across time, allowing trends to be analyzed. The 1993, 1998, and 2002 GSS are of particular interest to cultural policy researchers because they include a "Cultural Module," a battery of questions focused on culture and the arts. The 1993 Culture Module included questions on musical preferences, leisure and recreational activities, and attitudes toward art and literature. The 1998 Cultural Module included questions on attendance in arts events, personal engagement in artistic activities, attitudes toward art and literature, and attitudes toward arts funding. The 2002 Cultural Module included questions on musical preferences, attendance at arts events, and personal engagement in artistic activities. In 2002, another module on the "Information Society" included questions on the use of the Internet to obtain information about the arts. The 2000 GSS is of particular interest to cultural policy researchers because it included an "Information Society Module," a battery of questions on how people use the World Wide Web to access information about culture and the arts. More specifically, this module asked how people use the Web to learn about music, the visual arts, and literature. The 2000, another module on "Freedom" asked about freedom of expression, among other topics.

The National Data Program for the Social Sciences (General Social Survey) is both a data diffusion project and a program of social indicator research. Its data collection instrument, the General Social Survey (GSS), was fielded for the 29th time in 2012. Previously an annual survey, the GSS became biennial in 1994. The questionnaire contains a standard core of demographic and attitudinal variables, plus certain topics of special interest selected for rotation (called "topical modules"). Items that appeared on national surveys between 1973 and 1975 are replicated. The exact wording of these questions is retained to facilitate time trend studies as well as replications of earlier findings.

The Polish General Social Survey (PGSS), conducted annually since 1992 through 1995 and later biennially, is designed to measure opinions and social characteristics of the Polish society. PGSS core variables include socioeconomic and demographic items with an emphasis on stratification measures (occupation, labor force status, education, income) of respondents and their spouses and parents. In addition, there are attitudinal variables concerning politics and ideology, national spending, religious beliefs, social inequality, job and occupational values, tolerance, educational values, other countries, traditional sex roles, family issues, abortion, and homosexuality. Other variables gauge subjective well-being, social class identification, satisfaction with different spheres of life, and confidence in public institutions. Respondents were also queried about their voting behavior, social interactions, religiosity, health, smoking, and drinking. Each year, additional topical modules of questions from the International Social Survey Program have been added: "Social Inequality" (1992 and 1999), "Environment" (1993), "Family and Changing Gender Roles" (1994 and 2002), "Sexual Behavior" (1994), "National Identity" (1995), "Work Orientations II" (1997), and "Social Relations and Support Systems" (2002). This study is a continuation of the POLISH GENERAL SOCIAL SURVEY, 1992-1999 (ICPSR 3487).

This survey was designed to solicit political, sociological, and economic information from people living in Japan. Respondents were queried on crime and the judicial system, and more specifically, on issues such as the death penalty, juvenile punishment, and whether respondents were victims of various crimes within the last year. Questions on family issues covered topics such as divorce, the health of respondents' marriages, the roles of each spouse, and issues involving children. Questions on finances included the state of respondents' finances during the last few years and compared to other Japanese families both past and present, whether the income tax rate was high, and the ease of improving one's standard of living in Japan. Political questions addressed government spending, the responsibility of the government, and whether respondents would vote for a female gubernatorial candidate. Also, respondents were asked to rate their political views on a scale from conservative (1) to progressive (5). In terms of health, questions were asked on the health of respondents and their spouses, the topic of euthanasia, donation cards, and the frequency of smoking and alcohol consumption. Quality of life questions addressed the frequency with which respondents read the newspaper and watched television, the amount of satisfaction respondents received from life, and how often respondents participated in leisure activities like fishing, jogging, and mahjong. Respondents were asked to give their opinions concerning extra-marital affairs, sexual relations between two adults of the same sex, pornography, and prostitution. Information gathered on religion included the extent of their participation in a particular religion, whether respondents believed in life after death, and views on burial. Respondents were polled for information regarding their social status and whether respondents were members of any groups including religious, trade, or social service organizations. Demographic information included age, sex, employment status, marital status, household income, and religious orientation.

The National Data Program for the Social Sciences (General Social Survey) is both a data diffusion project and a program of social indicator research. Its data collection instrument, the General Social Survey (GSS), was fielded for the 29th time in 2012. Previously an annual survey, the GSS became biennial in 1994. The questionnaire contains a standard core of demographic and attitudinal variables, plus certain topics of special interest selected for rotation (called "topical modules"). Items that appeared on national surveys between 1973 and 1975 are replicated. The exact wording of these questions is retained to facilitate time trend studies as well as replications of earlier findings.

ALLBUS (GGSS - the German General Social Survey) is a biennial trend survey based on random samples of the German population. Established in 1980, its mission is to monitor attitudes, behavior, and social change in Germany. Each ALLBUS cross-sectional survey consists of one or two main question modules covering changing topics, a range of supplementary questions and a core module providing detailed demographic information. Additionally, data on the interview and the interviewers are provided as well. Key topics generally follow a 10-year replication cycle, many individual indicators and item batteries are replicated at shorter intervals.

Since the mid-1980ies ALLBUS also regularly hosts one or two modules of the ISSP (International Social Survey Programme).

The main question modules of ALLBUS/GGSS 2002 are “Religion and Worldview” and “Personal and Collective Value Orientations.” Further topics are, for example, attitudes towards politics and the economy, perception of gender roles, and attitudes towards foreigners living in Germany. Finally, the ISSP modules "Family and Changing Gender Roles III" and "Social Networks II" are also included.
1.) Attitudes towards marriage, family, and partnership: family as prerequisite for happiness; marriage in case of steady partnership or if child was born.

2.) Personal and collective values: basic personal goals (law and order, standard of living, power and influence, fantasy and creativity, security, help marginalized social groups, ability to assert oneself, satisfaction of personal needs, industry and ambition, tolerance, political engagement, hedonism, faith in God, occupational achievement, self-realization); values of an ideal society (industry and achievement, take responsibility for fellow men; conformity, being self-assured and critical, laissez-faire, security and prosperity, political participation, self- realization, religiousness).

3.) Attitudes towards politics and economy: political participation; party inclination; confidence in public institutions and organizations (public health service, federal constitutional court, federal parliament (Bundestag), churches, judiciary, television, newspapers, universities, federal government, the police, political parties); likelihood of voting for different political parties; political interest; postmaterialism (importance of law and order, fighting rising prices, free expression of opinions, and influence on governmental decisions); self-placement on a left-right continuum; political support (satisfaction with democracy in Germany); assessment of the present and future economic situation in Germany; assessment of present and future personal economic situation.

4.) Attitudes towards and contacts with foreigners living in Germany: citizenships; scale of attitudes towards foreigners; contacts with foreigners living in Germany within the family, at work, in the neighborhood, or among friends.

5.) Religion and world view: the meaning of life, cosmology, and the belief in Christian God; funeral by church; self-assessment of religiousness; frequency of meditation; attitude towards religiousness; religious indifference; thinking about metaphysical questions; experience with and attitude towards different forms of belief, parabelief and superstition; religion vs. science; religious tolerance; belief in God; support for the teaching of Islam in public schools; attitude towards person with different faiths marrying into the family; religious doctrines; personal religious revival; sins and sinning; marriage in church; frequency of church attendance; present and former denominational membership; affiliation to a non-Christian religion; frequency of praying; reception of Christian sacraments; interest in Christian programs in the media; baptism; denominational membership and frequency of church attendance of children and respondent´s partner; denominational membership and frequency of church attendance of parents; religiousness of parents.

6.) Other topics: self-assessment of social class; fair share in standard of living; trust in fellow men and politicians; social pessimism and orientation towards the future (anomia); opinion on various deviant acts with reference to their reprehensibility; national pride; authoritarianism; volunteering; experience with and attitude towards survey research.

7.) ALLBUS-Demography: Details about the respondent: gender, month and year of birth, age; general education, vocational training, employment status, details about current occupation, affiliation to public service, supervisory functions, working hours per week, length of unemployment, details about former occupation, date of termination of full- or part-time employment; marital status, divorces; geographical origin and personal mobility, length of residence, citizenships; respondent´s income; membership in a political party or trade union; voting intention (Sonntagsfrage), recall of past vote; place of residence (federal...

Beschreibung der beruflichen und familiären Situation.

Gesellschaftliche und politische Einstellungen.

Themen: 1. Mündliche Befragung:

Arbeit: Wochenarbeitszeit in der letzten Woche (Wochentage, Gesamtstundenzahl und Überstundenzahl); berufliche Position; Branchenzugehörigkeit; Beruf; Betriebsgröße; Anteil der weiblichen Arbeitnehmer in Prozent; Beschäftigung im öffentlichen Dienst, in einem selbständigen Unternehmen oder in einer Filiale; Dauer der Betriebszugehörigkeit; Vorgesetztenfunktion; Gewerkschaftsmitgliedschaft; Zeitvertrag oder unbefristeter Vertrag; Beurteilung der Arbeitsplatzsicherheit für die kommenden zwölf Monate; Einschätzung der Chancen im Falle des Arbeitsplatzverlustes einen äquivalenten Job zu finden; Arbeitszufriedenheit; Kündigungsabsichten; Bruttojahreseinkommen im vergangenen Jahr; Lohnzahlung nach Stunde, Tag, Woche, Monat oder Jahr; Zweitjob und Anzahl der gearbeiteten Stunden im Zweitjob; Arbeitslosigkeit nach Ausbildungsabschluss und Dauer; Anzahl der bisherigen Arbeitsverhältnisse; Zufriedenheit mit der Beschäftigung als Hausfrau bzw. Hausmann; Arbeit in bezahlter Stellung; Kündigungszeitpunkt, Beschreibung des letzten Jobs, Kündigungsgrund; Branche; beruflicher Status; Betriebsgröße; Bruttojahreseinkommen des letzten Jobs; Arbeitswunsch; aktive Jobsuche; Hauptquelle der momentanen Einkünfte; Dauer der Arbeitssuche nach Ausbildungsabschluss; Vermittlungsinstanz für den ersten Job; Branchenzugehörigkeit des ersten Jobs; berufliche Position im ersten Job; Betriebsgröße beim ersten Job; Familienstand; Beschreibung der Beschäftigungssituation des Partners: Wochenstundenzahl, beruflicher Status, Branche, Betriebsgröße, Dauer der Betriebszugehörigkeit und Einkommen; Wichtigkeit ausgewählter Ansprüche an eine ideale Arbeit (Skala).

Selbsteinschätzung auf einer Oben-Unten-Skala; Parteipräferenz; Parteineigung; Einschätzung der Fähigkeit der politischen Parteien zur Machtübernahme; Wohnort im Alter von 15 Jahren; Größe des damaligen Wohnorts; Präfekturkennziffer des damaligen Wohnorts; Landschaftsart des damaligen Wohnorts; Wohnstatus; Wohnfläche in qm; Anzahl der Geschwister des Befragten und seines Partners (inklusive verstorbene).

Familie: Familiengröße; Anzahl der Familienmitglieder, die temporär außerhalb des Haushalts leben; Angaben über sämtliche Familienmitglieder bezüglich: Verwandtschaftsgrad, Alter, Geschlecht, wohnhaft innerhalb des Haushalts, Grund für ein Leben außerhalb des Haushalts; Haushaltsvorstand; Kinderzahl (inklusive verstorbene), Geburtsjahr der Kinder; Geschlecht und Alter der Kinder; berufliche Position und Beruf des Vaters; Betriebsgröße der Firma des Vaters; berufliche Position der Mutter; Bildungsgrad des Befragten, des Partners und der Eltern; Abschluss oder Abbruch der zuletzt besuchten Schule; Besuch spezieller Schulformen; Leistungsniveau des Befragten im dritten Jahr der Junior Highschool; Hauptfach in der High School; Prozentzahl der Absolventen, die auf die Universität oder das College gingen; Schulart (öffentlich oder privat).

Ehe: Alter bei erster Heirat; Scheidung und Scheidungshäufigkeit; Alter bei Scheidung; Wiederheirat; Verwitwung und Häufigkeit; Alter zum Zeitpunkt des Todes des Partners; Wiederheirat; Höhe des Haushaltsbruttoeinkommens des letzten Jahres; Haushaltsausgaben des letzten Jahres; Ausgaben für die Ausbildung der Kinder im letzten Jahr.

1. Schriftliche Befragung (drop off):

Häufigkeit des Zeitungslesens; Anzahl der gelesenen Bücher in einem Monat; Änderung der finanziellen Situation in den letzten Jahren; Vergleich der finanziellen Situation mit anderen japanischen Familien und Vergleich der finanziellen Situation in der eigenen Kindheit; Einschätzung der Chancen, den Lebensstandard zu verbessern (soziale Mobilität); Zufriedenheit mit: Wohnumfeld, Freizeitaktivitäten, Familienleben, finanzieller Situation, Freundschaften, Gesundheit; Selbsteinschätzung der gesundheitlichen Situation; Selbsteinstufung der Schichtzugehörigkeit; Einstellung zum Drei-Generationen-Haushalt; Arbeitsteilung im Haushalt und Häufigkeit von: Familienessen, Essen oder Treffen mit Freunden, Abendessen kochen, Wäsche waschen, Lebensmitteleinkäufen und Hausputz, Müll entsorgen; staatliche oder individuelle Verantwortlichkeit für die medizinische Versorgung und Pflege von älteren Menschen sowie Ausbildung und Erziehung der Kinder; generelles Vertrauen in die Menschen; der Mensch als grundsätzlich gut oder böse; Mitgliedschaften; Institutionenvertrauen; ideale Kind...

The General Social Surveys have been conducted during February, March, and April of 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1980, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, and 2008. There are a total of 53,043 completed interviews (1,613 in 1972, 1,504 in 1973, 1,484 in 1974, 1,490 in 1975, 1,499 in 1976, 1,530 in 1977, 1,532 in 1978, 1,468 in 1980, 1,506 in 1982, 354 in 1982 black oversample, 1,599 in 1983, 1,473 in 1984, 1, 534 in 1985, 1,470 in 1986, 1466 in 1987, 353 in 1987 black oversample, 1481 in 1988, 1,537 in 1989, 1372 in 1990, 1,517 in 1991, 1,606 in 1993, 2,904 in 1996, 2,832 in 1998, 2,817 in 2000, 2,765 in 2002, 2,812 in 2004, 4510 in 2006, and 2023 in 2008). The median length of the interview has been about one and a half hours. Each survey from 1972 to 2004 was an independently drawn sample of English-speaking persons 18 years of age or over, living in non-institutional arrangements within the United States. Starting in 2006 Spanish-speakers were added to the target population. Block quota sampling was used in 1972, 1973, and 1974 surveys and for half of the 1975 and 1976 surveys. Full probability sampling was employed in half of the 1975 and 1976 surveys and the 1977, 1978, 1980, 1982-1991, 1993-1998, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, and 2008 surveys. Also, the 2004, 2006, and 2008 surveys had sub-sampled non-respondents This cumulative data set merges all 27 surveys into a single file with each year or survey acting as a subfile. This greatly simplifies the use of the General Social Surveys for both trend analysis and pooling. In addition, this cumulative data set contains newly created variables (e.g. a poverty line code). Finally, the cumulative file contains certain items never before available. In 2008 the GSS is in transition from a replicating cro ss-sectional design to a design that uses rotating panels. There were two components: a new 2008 cross-section with 2,023 cases and the first reinterviews with 1,536 respondents from the 2006 GSS. In 2010 the new design will be fully implemented. There will be a new cross-section of about 2,000 cases, the first reinterviews of the 2008 GSS respondents, and the second and final reinterviews of the 2006 GSS respondents. In 2012 and later years this design will be repeated. Each GSS will thus 1) start a new 4-year/3-wave panel, 2) be in the middle of a 4-year/3-wave panel, and 3) finish a still earlier 4-year/3-wave panel.

ALLBUScompact is offered as an alternative to the structurally more complex full version of ALLBUS. It addresses the needs of newcomers to data analysis by providing a simplified demography module containing an easily manageable group of the most important demographic indicators. All topical question modules not containing sensitive data are retained as in the ALLBUS full version (scientific use file). For a comprehensive description of study topics please compare Study No. 3702 (ALLBUS 2002) .

ALLBUScompact is offered as an alternative to the structurally more complex full version of ALLBUS. It addresses the needs of newcomers to data analysis by providing a simplified demography module containing an easily manageable group of the most impor

Social monitoring of trends in attitudes, behavior, and societal change in the Federal Republic of Germany. The main topics in 2002 are: 1.) Attitudes towards marriage, family, and partnership; 2.) Personal and collective values; 3.) Attitudes towards politics and economy; 4.) Attitudes towards and contacts with foreigners living in Germany; 5.) Religiousness and church attachment; 6.) Other topics; 7.) ALLBUS-Demography; 8.) Data on the interview; 9.) Social relations and support systems (ISSP); 10.) Family and changing gender roles (ISSP); 11.) Derived indices. Topics: 1.) Attitudes towards marriage, family, and partnership: family as prerequisite for happiness; marriage in case of steady partnership or if child was born. 2.) Personal and collective values: basic personal goals (law and order, standard of living, power and influence, fantasy and creativity, security, help marginalized social groups, ability to assert oneself, satisfaction of personal needs, industry and ambition, tolerance, political engagement, hedonism, faith in God, occupational achievement, self-realization); values of an ideal society (industry and achievement, take responsibility for fellow men; conformity, being self-assured and critical, laissez-faire, security and prosperity, political participation, self- realization, religiousness). 3.) Attitudes towards politics and economy: political participation; party inclination; confidence in public institutions and organizations(public health service, federal constitutional court, federal parliament(Bundestag), churches, judiciary, television, newspapers, universities, federal government, the police, political parties); likelihood of voting for different political parties; political interest; post-materialism(importance of law and order, fighting rising prices, free expression of opinions, and influence on governmental decisions); self-placement on a left-right continuum; political support (satisfaction with democracy in Germany); assessment of the present and future economic situation in Germany; assessment of present and future personal economic situation. 4.) Attitudes towards and contacts with foreigners living in Germany: citizenships; attitudinal scale; contacts with foreigners living in Germany within the family, at work, in the neighborhood, or among friends. 5.) Religiousness and church attachment: the meaning of life, cosmology, and the belief in Christian God; funeral by church; self-assessment of religiousness; frequency of meditation; attitude towards religiousness; religious indifference; thinking about metaphysical questions; experience with and attitude towards different forms of belief, parabelief and superstition; religion vs. science; religious tolerance; belief in God; support for the teaching of Islam in public schools; attitude towards person with different faiths marrying into the family; religious doctrines; personal religious revival; sins and sinning; marriage in church; frequency of church attendance; present and former denominational membership; affiliation to a non-Christian religion; frequency of praying; reception of Christian sacraments; interest in Christian programs in the media; baptism; denominational membership and frequency of church attendance of children and respondent´s partner; denominational membership and frequency of church attendance of parents; religiousness of parents. 6.) Other topics: self-assessment of social class; fair share in standard of living; trust in fellow men and politicians; social pessimism and orientation towards the future (anomia); opinion on various deviant acts with reference to their reprehensibility; national pride; authoritarianism; volunteering; experience with and attitude towards survey research. 7.) ALLBUS-Demography: Details about the respondent: gender, month and year of birth, age; general education, vocational training, employment status, details about current occupation, affiliation to public service, supervisory functions, working hours per week, length of unemployment, details about former occupation, date of termination of full- or part-time employment; marital status, divorces; geographical origin and personal mobility, length of residence, citizenships; respondent´s income; membership in a political party or trade union; voting intention (Sonntagsfrage), recall of past vote; place of residence (federal state, administrative region, size of municipality; BIK-type of region). Details about respondent´s current spouse: age, general education, vocational training, employment status, details about current occupation, status of non-employment. Details about respondent´s steady extra-marital partner: age, general education, vocational training, employment status, details about current occupation, status of non-employment. Details about respondent´s parents: general education, university education, religious denomination, frequency of church attendance, religiousness, details about father´s occupation. Compo...

Abstract

The study included four separate surveys:

1. The LSMS survey of general population of Serbia in 2002

2. The survey of Family Income Support (MOP in Serbian) recipients in 2002 These two datasets are published together.

3. The LSMS survey of general population of Serbia in 2003 (panel survey)

4. The survey of Roma from Roma settlements in 2003 These two datasets are published together separately from the 2002 datasets.

Objectives

LSMS represents multi-topical study of household living standard and is based on international experience in designing and conducting this type of research. The basic survey was carried out in 2002 on a representative sample of households in Serbia (without Kosovo and Metohija). Its goal was to establish a poverty profile according to the comprehensive data on welfare of households and to identify vulnerable groups. Also its aim was to assess the targeting of safety net programs by collecting detailed information from individuals on participation in specific government social programs. This study was used as the basic document in developing Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRS) in Serbia which was adopted by the Government of the Republic of Serbia in October 2003.

The survey was repeated in 2003 on a panel sample (the households which participated in 2002 survey were re-interviewed).

Analysis of the take-up and profile of the population in 2003 was the first step towards formulating the system of monitoring in the Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRS). The survey was conducted in accordance with the same methodological principles used in 2002 survey, with necessary changes referring only to the content of certain modules and the reduction in sample size. The aim of the repeated survey was to obtain panel data to enable monitoring of the change in the living standard within a period of one year, thus indicating whether there had been a decrease or increase in poverty in Serbia in the course of 2003. [Note: Panel data are the data obtained on the sample of households which participated in the both surveys. These data made possible tracking of living standard of the same persons in the period of one year.]

Along with these two comprehensive surveys, conducted on national and regional representative samples which were to give a picture of the general population, there were also two surveys with particular emphasis on vulnerable groups. In 2002, it was the survey of living standard of Family Income Support recipients with an aim to validate this state supported program of social welfare. In 2003 the survey of Roma from Roma settlements was conducted. Since all present experiences indicated that this was one of the most vulnerable groups on the territory of Serbia and Montenegro, but with no ample research of poverty of Roma population made, the aim of the survey was to compare poverty of this group with poverty of basic population and to establish which categories of Roma population were at the greatest risk of poverty in 2003. However, it is necessary to stress that the LSMS of the Roma population comprised potentially most imperilled Roma, while the Roma integrated in the main population were not included in this study.

Geographic coverage

The surveys were conducted on the whole territory of Serbia (without Kosovo and Metohija).

Analysis unit

• Households
• Individuals

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sample frame for both surveys of general population (LSMS) in 2002 and 2003 consisted of all permanent residents of Serbia, without the population of Kosovo and Metohija, according to definition of permanently resident population contained in UN Recommendations for Population Censuses, which were applied in 2002 Census of Population in the Republic of Serbia. Therefore, permanent residents were all persons living in the territory Serbia longer than one year, with the exception of diplomatic and consular staff.

The sample frame for the survey of Family Income Support recipients included all current recipients of this program on the territory of Serbia based on the official list of recipients given by Ministry of Social affairs.

The definition of the Roma population from Roma settlements was faced with obstacles since precise data on the total number of Roma population in Serbia are not available. According to the last population Census from 2002 there were 108,000 Roma citizens, but the data from the Census are thought to significantly underestimate the total number of the Roma population. However, since no other more precise data were available, this number was taken as the basis for estimate on Roma population from Roma settlements. According to the 2002 Census, settlements with at least 7% of the total population who declared itself as belonging to Roma nationality were selected. A total of 83% or 90,000 self-declared Roma lived in the settlements that were defined in this way and this number was taken as the sample frame for Roma from Roma settlements.

Planned sample: In 2002 the planned size of the sample of general population included 6.500 households. The sample was both nationally and regionally representative (representative on each individual stratum). In 2003 the planned panel sample size was 3.000 households. In order to preserve the representative quality of the sample, we kept every other census block unit of the large sample realized in 2002. This way we kept the identical allocation by strata. In selected census block unit, the same households were interviewed as in the basic survey in 2002. The planned sample of Family Income Support recipients in 2002 and Roma from Roma settlements in 2003 was 500 households for each group.

Sample type: In both national surveys the implemented sample was a two-stage stratified sample. Units of the first stage were enumeration districts, and units of the second stage were the households. In the basic 2002 survey, enumeration districts were selected with probability proportional to number of households, so that the enumeration districts with bigger number of households have a higher probability of selection. In the repeated survey in 2003, first-stage units (census block units) were selected from the basic sample obtained in 2002 by including only even numbered census block units. In practice this meant that every second census block unit from the previous survey was included in the sample. In each selected enumeration district the same households interviewed in the previous round were included and interviewed. On finishing the survey in 2003 the cases were merged both on the level of households and members.

Stratification: Municipalities are stratified into the following six territorial strata: Vojvodina, Belgrade, Western Serbia, Central Serbia (Šumadija and Pomoravlje), Eastern Serbia and South-east Serbia. Primary units of selection are further stratified into enumeration districts which belong to urban type of settlements and enumeration districts which belong to rural type of settlement.

The sample of Family Income Support recipients represented the cases chosen randomly from the official list of recipients provided by Ministry of Social Affairs. The sample of Roma from Roma settlements was,as in the national survey, a two-staged stratified sample, but the units in the first stage were settlements where Roma population was represented in the percentage over 7%, and the units of the second stage were Roma households. Settlements are stratified in three territorial strata: Vojvodina, Beograd and Central Serbia.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

In all surveys the same questionnaire with minimal changes was used. It included different modules, topically separate areas which had an aim of perceiving the living standard of households from different angles. Topic areas were the following: 1. Roster with demography. 2. Housing conditions and durables module with information on the age of durables owned by a household with a special block focused on collecting information on energy billing, payments, and usage. 3. Diary of food expenditures (weekly), including home production, gifts and transfers in kind. 4. Questionnaire of main expenditure-based recall periods sufficient to enable construction of annual consumption at the household level, including home production, gifts and transfers in kind. 5. Agricultural production for all households which cultivate 10+ acres of land or who breed cattle. 6. Participation and social transfers module with detailed breakdown by programs 7. Labour Market module in line with a simplified version of the Labour Force Survey (LFS), with special additional questions to capture various informal sector activities, and providing information on earnings 8. Health with a focus on utilization of services and expenditures (including informal payments) 9. Education module, which incorporated pre-school, compulsory primary education, secondary education and university education. 10. Special income block, focusing on sources of income not covered in other parts (with a focus on remittances).

Response rate

During field work, interviewers kept a precise diary of interviews, recording both successful and unsuccessful visits. Particular attention was paid to reasons why some households were not interviewed. Separate marks were given for households which were not interviewed due to refusal and for cases when a given household could not be found on the territory of the chosen census block.

In 2002 a total of 7,491 households were contacted. Of this number a total of 6,386 households in 621 census rounds were interviewed. Interviewers did not manage to collect the data for

The General Household Survey (GHS), ran from 1971-2011 (the UKDS holds data from 1972-2011). It was a continuous annual national survey of people living in private households, conducted by the Office for National Statistics (ONS). The main aim of the survey was to collect data on a range of core topics, covering household, family and individual information. This information was used by government departments and other organisations for planning, policy and monitoring purposes, and to present a picture of households, families and people in Great Britain. In 2008, the GHS became a module of the Integrated Household Survey (IHS). In recognition, the survey was renamed the General Lifestyle Survey (GLF). The GLF closed in January 2012. The 2011 GLF is therefore the last in the series. A limited number of questions previously run on the GLF were subsequently included in the Opinions and Lifestyle Survey (OPN).

Secure Access GHS/GLF
The UKDS holds standard access End User Licence (EUL) data for 1972-2006. A Secure Access version is available, covering the years 2000-2011 - see SN 6716 General Lifestyle Survey, 2000-2011: Secure Access.

History
The GHS was conducted annually until 2011, except for breaks in 1997-1998 when the survey was reviewed, and 1999-2000 when the survey was redeveloped. Further information may be found in the ONS document An overview of 40 years of data (General Lifestyle Survey Overview - a report on the 2011 General Lifestyle Survey) (PDF). Details of changes each year may be found in the individual study documentation.

EU-SILC
In 2005, the European Union (EU) made a legal obligation (EU-SILC) for member states to collect additional statistics on income and living conditions. In addition, the EU-SILC data cover poverty and social exclusion. These statistics are used to help plan and monitor European social policy by comparing poverty indicators and changes over time across the EU. The EU-SILC requirement was integrated into the GHS/GLF in 2005. After the closure of the GLF, EU-SILC was collected via the Family Resources Survey (FRS) until the UK left the EU in 2020.

Reformatted GHS data 1973-1982 - Surrey SPSS Files
SPSS files were created by the University of Surrey for all GHS years from 1973 to 1982 inclusive. The early files were restructured and the case changed from the household to the individual with all of the household information duplicated for each individual. The Surrey SPSS files contain all the original variables as well as some extra derived variables (a few variables were omitted from the data files for 1973-76). In 1973 only, the section on leisure was not included in the Surrey SPSS files. This has subsequently been made available, however, and is now held in a separate study, General Household Survey, 1973: Leisure Questions (SN 3982). Records for the original GHS 1973-1982 ASCII files have been removed from the UK Data Archive catalogue, but the data are still preserved and available upon request.

The survey charted the general health, functional ability and exercise habits of the adult population living in Tampere (Finland). Need for help, use of social and health services, living environment, and sense of security and safety were also examined. Previous surveys were carried out in 1990, 1993, 1996 and 1999. Perceived health, and long-term illnesses, disabilities or injuries that might limit respondents' daily activities or work were probed. Respondents were also asked about illnesses, symptoms and risk factors (e.g. high level of cholesterol or overweight) which have been diagnosed by a doctor, and about their mental health symptoms and problems, for example, insomnia or forgetfulness. One question explored respondents' functional ability by asking about their capability to perform different daily tasks, such as house cleaning, rug beating and climbing stairs without resting. Respondents assessed their own physical condition by comparing it to that of their peers. In connection with exercise habits, they were asked how much they take exercise in their free time and on their daily journeys to and from work. They were asked whether they have discussed the necessity of taking exercise with a doctor or a public health nurse and whether they have been recommended to exercise more. The survey also charted respondents' weight and height. Respondents were asked whether they had needed outside help with daily tasks, for example, domestic work or running errands, in the past year and where they had received that help. They were also asked to indicate whether there is an elderly, disabled or permanently ill person in their immediate circle who they take care of on a regular basis. The use of health services was studied by asking respondents about stays in hospital or visits to a doctor, and their satisfaction with these services. Use of and satisfaction with social services (e.g. day care and income support) were charted in the same way. Respondents were presented with some attitudinal statements about social and health services, and about the adequacy of social security connected with different population groups. Feelings of security and safety were charted with questions about the sense of anxiety or insecurity caused by problems with paying the bills or fear of violence, and respondents evaluated the security and safety of living at the time of the survey and during the following five years. Finally, respondents assessed their own living environment in terms of cleanliness, facilities for physical activities, and road safety. They were also asked about general safety, for example, whether they were afraid to walk outside alone in the evening and whether they had experienced threats of violence in their neighbourhood in the past year. Background variables included respondent's gender, age, part of the town and length of residence in the area, household composition, number of children aged under 7 and between 7 and 17, type of accommodation, marital status, basic and vocational education, main activity, length of unemployment, type of contract and strenuousness of work. The dataset also contains information on which service unit within the Department of Social Services and Health Care in Tampere the respondent belongs to.

The General Social Survey has two principal objectives: first, to gather data on social trends in order to monitor changes in Canadian society over time, and second, to provide information on specific social issues of current or emerging interest. The main objective of the 2002 GSS was to provide data on the aging population. The survey will allow detailed analysis of characteristics of family and friends who provide care to seniors, characteristics of seniors receiving informal and formal care; links to broader determinants of health (such as income, education and social networks); and people's retirement plans and experiences. This is the second time that the GSS has collected information on social support. Data from the 1996 GSS on "Social and Community Supportrd" focused on caregiving and receiving for the entire population. The 2002 GSS is the first time Statistics Canada has devoted an entire survey to the collection of detailed information on care provided to people aged 65 years and over.

Abstract

The main purpose of the GHS is to measure the level of development and performance of various government programmes and projects in South Africa. The data provides national indicators on various living conditions such as access to services and facilities, and education and health, for 2002.

Geographic coverage

The scope of the General Household Survey 2002 was national coverage.

Analysis unit

The units of anaylsis for the General Household Survey 2002 are individuals and households.

Universe

The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents) of households in the nine provinces of South Africa and residents in workers' hostels. The survey does not cover collective living quarters such as students' hostels, old age homes, hospitals, prisons and military barracks.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

For the General Household Survey 2002 a multi-stage stratified sample was drawn using probability proportional to size principles. The first stage was stratification by province, then by type of area within each province. Primary sampling units (PSUs) were then selected proportionally within each stratum (urban or non-urban) in all provinces. Altogether 3000 PSUs were selected. Within each PSU ten dwelling units were selected systematically for enumeration.

The sample was drawn from the master sample, which Statistics South Africa uses to draw samples for its surveys. The master sample was drawn from the database of enumeration areas (EAs) which was established during the demarcation phase of census 1996. As part of the master sample, small EAs consisting of fewer than 100 dwelling units are combined with adjacent EAs to form primary sampling units (PSUs) of at least 100 dwelling units, to allow for repeated sampling of dwelling units within each PSU. The sampling procedure for the master sample involves explicit stratification by province and, within each province, by urban and non-urban areas. Independent samples were drawn from each stratum within each province. The smaller provinces were given a disproportionately larger number of PSUs than the bigger provinces.

The master sample was divided into five independent clusters. In order to avoid respondent fatigue, the sample for GHS was drawn from a different cluster from the two clusters already being used for the LFS, which is a twice-yearly rotating panel survey. Altogether 30 000 dwelling units (including units in hostels) were visited for the GHS 2002.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaire was designed taking into consideration the need to compare results of this survey to the one conducted in June 2001 in the 13 nodal areas identified as priority areas for the Integrated Rural Development Strategy (IRDS), namely, the Social Development Indicators Survey (SDIS). The questions in the GHS were similar to the ones used in the SDIS as proposed by representatives of departments in the social cluster of government responsible for implementation of the IRDS.

The GHS 2002 questionnaire collected data on: Household characteristics: Dwelling type, home ownership, access to water and sanitation facilities, access to services, transport, household assets, land ownership, agricultural production Individuals' characteristics: demographic characteristics, relationship to household head, marital status, language, education, employment, income, health, disability, access to social services, mortality. Women's characteristics: fertility

Sampling error estimates

Estimation and use of standard error

The published results of the General Household Survey2002 are based on representative probability samples drawn from the South African population, as discussed in the section on sample design. Consequently, all estimates are subject to sampling variability. This means that the sample estimates may differ from the population figures that would have been produced if the entire South African population had been included in the survey. The measure usually used to indicate the probable difference between a sample estimate and the corresponding population figure is the standard error (SE), which measures the extent to which an estimate may have varied by chance because only a sample of the population was included.

The General Household Survey (GHS), ran from 1971-2011 (the UKDS holds data from 1972-2011). It was a continuous annual national survey of people living in private households, conducted by the Office for National Statistics (ONS). The main aim of the survey was to collect data on a range of core topics, covering household, family and individual information. This information was used by government departments and other organisations for planning, policy and monitoring purposes, and to present a picture of households, families and people in Great Britain. In 2008, the GHS became a module of the Integrated Household Survey (IHS). In recognition, the survey was renamed the General Lifestyle Survey (GLF). The GLF closed in January 2012. The 2011 GLF is therefore the last in the series. A limited number of questions previously run on the GLF were subsequently included in the Opinions and Lifestyle Survey (OPN).

Secure Access GHS/GLF
The UKDS holds standard access End User Licence (EUL) data for 1972-2006. A Secure Access version is available, covering the years 2000-2011 - see SN 6716 General Lifestyle Survey, 2000-2011: Secure Access.

History
The GHS was conducted annually until 2011, except for breaks in 1997-1998 when the survey was reviewed, and 1999-2000 when the survey was redeveloped. Further information may be found in the ONS document An overview of 40 years of data (General Lifestyle Survey Overview - a report on the 2011 General Lifestyle Survey) (PDF). Details of changes each year may be found in the individual study documentation.

EU-SILC
In 2005, the European Union (EU) made a legal obligation (EU-SILC) for member states to collect additional statistics on income and living conditions. In addition, the EU-SILC data cover poverty and social exclusion. These statistics are used to help plan and monitor European social policy by comparing poverty indicators and changes over time across the EU. The EU-SILC requirement was integrated into the GHS/GLF in 2005. After the closure of the GLF, EU-SILC was collected via the Family Resources Survey (FRS) until the UK left the EU in 2020.

Reformatted GHS data 1973-1982 - Surrey SPSS Files
SPSS files were created by the University of Surrey for all GHS years from 1973 to 1982 inclusive. The early files were restructured and the case changed from the household to the individual with all of the household information duplicated for each individual. The Surrey SPSS files contain all the original variables as well as some extra derived variables (a few variables were omitted from the data files for 1973-76). In 1973 only, the section on leisure was not included in the Surrey SPSS files. This has subsequently been made available, however, and is now held in a separate study, General Household Survey, 1973: Leisure Questions (SN 3982). Records for the original GHS 1973-1982 ASCII files have been removed from the UK Data Archive catalogue, but the data are still preserved and available upon request.

aCumulative years of two biological parents in the house before age 18bMaximum number of years of education of father or mothercProportion of participants in any post-secondary educationNote: X indicates multiplication and is used to describe interaction effects. Variables interacted withthemselves (e.g., sex X victimization) represent non-linear effects of those predictors on outcomes.Multivariate Linear Regression of the Effect of Victimization on Occupational Prestige and Income: The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1999–2009 (N = 80,018 time points nested in 8,901 persons).