The General Social Surveys (GSS) have been conducted by the National Opinion Research Center (NORC) annually since 1972, except for the years 1979, 1981, and 1992 (a supplement was added in 1992), and biennially beginning in 1994. The GSS are designed to be part of a program of social indicator research, replicating questionnaire items and wording in order to facilitate time-trend studies. This data file has all cases and variables asked on the 2022 GSS.

The 2022 cross-sectional General Social Survey has been updated to Release Version 3a as of May 2024. This Release includes the addition of an oversample of minorities (based on the AmeriSpeak® Panel), household composition and respondent selection data, and post-stratified weights for all years of the GSS.

To download syntax files for the GSS that reproduce well-known religious group recodes, including RELTRAD, please visit the "/research/syntax-repository-list" Target="_blank">ARDA's Syntax Repository.

Abstract (en): Since 1972, the General Social Survey (GSS) has been monitoring societal change and studying the growing complexity of American society. The GSS aims to gather data on contemporary American society in order to monitor and explain trends and constants in attitudes, behaviors, and attributes; to examine the structure and functioning of society in general as well as the role played by relevant subgroups; to compare the United States to other societies in order to place American society in comparative perspective and develop cross-national models of human society; and to make high-quality data easily accessible to scholars, students, policy makers, and others, with minimal cost and waiting. GSS questions include such items as national spending priorities, marijuana use, crime and punishment, race relations, quality of life, and confidence in institutions. Since 1988, the GSS has also collected data on sexual behavior including number of sex partners, frequency of intercourse, extramarital relationships, and sex with prostitutes. In 1985 the GSS co-founded the International Social Survey Program (ISSP). The ISSP has conducted an annual cross-national survey each year since then and has involved 58 countries and interviewed over one million respondents. The ISSP asks an identical battery of questions in all countries; the U.S. version of these questions is incorporated into the GSS. The 2016 GSS added in new variables covering information regarding social media use, suicide, hope and optimism, arts and culture, racial/ethnic identity, flexibility of work, spouses work and occupation, home cohabitation, and health. ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection: Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes.. All noninstitutionalized, English and Spanish speaking persons 18 years of age or older, living in the United States. Smallest Geographic Unit: census region For sampling information, please see Appendix A of the ICPSR Codebook. computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI), face-to-face interview, telephone interview Please note that NORC may have updated the General Social Survey data files. Additional information regarding the General Social Surveys can be found at the General Social Survey (GSS) Web site.

The General Social Surveys (GSS) have been conducted by the National Opinion Research Center (NORC) annually since 1972, except for the years 1979, 1981, and 1992 (a supplement was added in 1992), and biennially beginning in 1994. The GSS are designed to be part of a program of social indicator research, replicating questionnaire items and wording in order to facilitate time-trend studies. This data file has all cases and variables asked on the 2014 GSS. There are a total of 3,842 cases in the data set but their initial sampling years vary because the GSS now contains panel cases. Sampling years can be identified with the variable SAMPTYPE.

To download syntax files for the GSS that reproduce well-known religious group recodes, including RELTRAD, please visit the "/research/syntax-repository-list" Target="_blank">ARDA's Syntax Repository.

The General Social Survey (GSS), conducted annually between 1972 and 1994 (except for 1979, 1981, and 1992) and biennially thereafter by the National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago, collects information from the general public on a wide variety of subjects, including attitudes toward social issues, religion, education, jobs and the economy, government and other institutions, politics, and policy issues. Many questions are asked either in every survey or at various intervals across time, allowing trends to be analyzed. The 1993, 1998, and 2002 GSS are of particular interest to cultural policy researchers because they include a "Cultural Module," a battery of questions focused on culture and the arts. The 1993 Culture Module included questions on musical preferences, leisure and recreational activities, and attitudes toward art and literature. The 1998 Cultural Module included questions on attendance in arts events, personal engagement in artistic activities, attitudes toward art and literature, and attitudes toward arts funding. The 2002 Cultural Module included questions on musical preferences, attendance at arts events, and personal engagement in artistic activities. In 2002, another module on the "Information Society" included questions on the use of the Internet to obtain information about the arts. The 2000 GSS is of particular interest to cultural policy researchers because it included an "Information Society Module," a battery of questions on how people use the World Wide Web to access information about culture and the arts. More specifically, this module asked how people use the Web to learn about music, the visual arts, and literature. The 2000, another module on "Freedom" asked about freedom of expression, among other topics.

The General Social Survey (GSS) conducts basic scientific research on the structure and development of American society with a data-collection program designed to both monitor societal change within the United States and to compare the United States to other nations. Begun in 1972, the GSS contains a standard 'core' of demographic, behavioral, and attitudinal questions, plus topics of special interest. Many of the core questions have remained unchanged since 1972 to facilitate time-trend studies as well as replication of earlier findings.

The China GSS is an annual or biannual questionnaire survey of China's urban and rural households aiming to monitor systematically the changing relationship between social structure and quality of life in urban and rural China. The objectives of the China GSS are: (1) to gather longitudinal data on social trends; (2) to address issues of theoretical and practical significance; and (3) to serve as a global resource for the international scholarly community. Includes: labour force activity, demographic variables, household size and composition, ethnicity of R and parents, mobility, dwelling, income, expenditures and facilities, education, military service, etc. 1 data file (1,000 logical records) & accompanying documentation (5 pdf files) in both English and Chinese characters.

The public use microdata file (PUMF) from the General Social Survey – Canadians' Safety is to better understand how Canadians perceive crime and the justice system and to capture information on their experiences of victimization. This survey is the only national survey of self-reported victimization and is collected in all provinces and territories. The survey allows for estimates of the numbers and characteristics of victims and criminal incidents. Topics covered are: neighbourhood safety, crime prevention, risks and perceptions, abuse by current spouse/partner, crime incidents, criminal harassment, confidence in police, hate crimes, cyber bullying, experiences of discrimination, health and well-being and also a variety of socio-demographic measures. Cycle 34 is the seventh cycle of the GSS to collect data on victimization. Previous cycles were conducted in 1988, 1993, 1999, 2004, and 2009, 2014.

Abstract (en): The East Asian Social Survey (EASS) is a biennial social survey project that serves as a cross-national network of the following four General Social Survey type surveys in East Asia: Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS), Japanese General Social Survey (JGSS), Korean General Social Survey (KGSS), Taiwan Social Change Survey (TSCS), and comparatively examines diverse aspects of social life in these regions. Survey information in this module focuses on leisure and recreational activities, as well as cultural norms and expectations of respondents. Specific questions were asked pertaining to how often respondents watched certain types of movies, dramas, and other forms of entertainment, as well as what country this entertainment was in. Other information collected includes opinion questions, such as qualities preferred in friends, family responsibilities and roles, as well as taste in music, and feelings of closeness to one's country, city or town, and East Asia. Other topics include sources of international news and discussion frequency, countries or regions traveled, as well as where acquaintances live. Additionally, respondents were asked how accepting they would be of people from other countries as coworkers, neighbors, and in marriage. Information was collected regarding foreign practices, whether the respondent was working for a foreign capital company, and the economic environment. Respondents were also asked to provide their family members' and acquaintances' occupations, as well as assess their own proficiency when reading, speaking, and writing in English. Demographic information specific to the respondent and their spouse includes age, sex, marital status, education, employment status and hours worked, occupation, earnings and income, religion, class, size of community, and region. The purpose of this study was to provide students and scholars in the social science community with integrated East Asian Social Survey datasets collected by coordinated efforts of the participating institutions in China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. For information on study design, users should refer to the Original P.I. Documentation in the ICPSR Codebook, as well as visit the East Asian Social Survey (EASS) Web site. This data collection contains weight variables that should be used during analysis. Please refer to the Original P.I. Documentation as well as visit the East Asian Social Survey (EASS) Web site for more information on weighting. ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection: Created online analysis version with question text.; Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes.. Response Rates: Response rates for each of the four countries' social surveys (China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan) are the following: China - 47.77 percent (6,300 initial sample size; 3,010 respondents), Japan - 54.0 percent or 60.6 percent by Japanese General Social Survey official formula (4,003 initial sample size; 2,160 respondents), South Korea - 61.0 percent (2,500 initial sample size; 1,508 respondents), and Taiwan - 44.93 percent (4,601 initial sample size; 2,067 respondents). Cross-national network of adult respondents in East Asia that have participated in the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS), the Japanese General Social Survey (JGSS), the Korean General Social Survey (KGSS), and the Taiwan Social Change Survey (TSCS). Smallest Geographic Unit: county For information on sampling, users should refer to the Original P.I. Documentation in the ICPSR Codebook, as well as visit the East Asian Social Survey (EASS) Web site. 2014-05-01 Revisions of the earnings and household income variables were made by the PI from categorical to continuous. face-to-face interview, self-enumerated questionnaireThe East Asian Social Survey (EASS) is based on Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS), Japanese General Social Survey (JGSS), Korean General Social Survey (KGSS), and Taiwan Social Change Survey (TSCS), and is distributed by the East Asia Social Survey Data Archive (EASSDA).Please refer to these related data collections featuring other modules of the East Asian Social Survey (EASS): ICPSR 34606, EAST ASIAN...

ALLBUS (GGSS - the German General Social Survey) is a biennial trend survey based on random samples of the German population. Established in 1980, its mission is to monitor attitudes, behavior, and social change in Germany. Each ALLBUS cross-sectional survey consists of one or two main question modules covering changing topics, a range of supplementary questions and a core module providing detailed demographic information. Additionally, data on the interview and the interviewers are provided as well. Key topics generally follow a 10-year replication cycle, many individual indicators and item batteries are replicated at shorter intervals.

The main question module of ALLBUS/GGSS 2021 focuses on deviant behavior and sanctions. Another focus of the survey was the replication of questions from a broad range of topics. This included questions on politics and political attitudes, social inequality, gender roles, media use, and health.

In contrast to the previous surveys in the ALLBUS series, ALLBUS 2021 was conducted in a self-administered mixed-mode design (MAIL (postal self-completion) and CAWI (computer-assisted web interview)).

We obtained the same data as Oishi, Kesebir, and Diener (2011): Gini coefficients for income inequality from the U.S. Census Bureau, and the other variables from the General Social Survey. Besides the variables that the authors use - HAPPY (level of happiness), YEAR (year in which respondents participated in the survey), FAIR (how fair is society), TRUST (how trustworthy are other people) and Gini coefficients - we include other variables that they include in their multilevel multigroup analysis, but not in the main effect model or mediation analysis model: MARITAL (marital status), RACE (respondent's race), REALINC (reported income of the respondents in adjusted 1986 dollars), AGE (respondent's age), and SEX (respondent's gender). Variables were recoded to appropriately indicate NAs according to the GSS Codebook.

As part of the project "Social Stratification in Eastern Europe after 1989," sample surveys were conducted in 1993 and 1994 in six countries: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Russia, and Slovakia. Using a questionnaire common to all countries, national probability samples of approximately 5,000 members of the adult population were surveyed in five of the six countries in 1993; in Poland, due to the lack of local funds, the data collection was delayed until 1994 and the sample size was reduced to approximately 3,500. To permit analyses of special interest to urban geographers (the Dutch funding was provided by a study committee of the Dutch NSF consisting of sociologists and urban geographers), over-samples of the populations of Prague and Warsaw were surveyed, with the sample sizes sufficient to bring the sum of cases from the over-sample and the national sample in each country to approximately 1,500. (About 900 cases each are available for Budapest and Sofia, generated by the national sample design. Thus, a four city comparison of Eastern European capitals is feasible.) The design of the survey called for exactly comparable wording of questions, and variation in the response categories only where national variations in circumstances (e.g., different religious distributions) warranted it. Country teams were free to add local questions at the end of the questionnaire. To ensure such comparability, the questionnaire was translated into each local language and then back-translated into English; the back-translated versions were compared as a group by a multi-lingual team and discrepancies in wording corrected. Inevitably, despite our best intentions, minor variations crept into the questionnaire. These are identified at appropriate places in the Codebook. The local language questionnaires are shown in Appendix G (Vol. II). (Probability samples of about 1,000 members of the old elite and about 1,000 members of the new elite in each country except Slovakia were also surveyed, using a similar but not identical questionnaire. These surveys have a separate codebook, which may be found under the title "Social Stratification in Eastern Europe after 1989: Elite Survey".)

The National Congregations Study (NCS) dataset fills a void in the sociological study of congregations by providing data that can be used to draw a nationally aggregate picture of congregations. Thanks to innovations in sampling techniques, the 1998 NCS data was the first nationally representative sample of American congregations. Subsequent NCS waves were conducted in 2006-07, 2012, and 2018-19.

Like Wave II, Wave IV again included a panel component. In addition to the new cross-section of congregations generated in conjunction with the 2018 GSS, the NCS-IV included all Wave III congregations that were nominated by GSS respondents who participated in the GSS for the first time in 2012. That is, the panel did not include Wave III congregations that had been nominated by GSS respondents who were in the 2012 GSS because they were part of the GSS's own panel of re-interviewees. The 2018-19 NCS, then, includes a subset of congregations that also were interviewed in 2012. A full codebook, prepared by the primary investigator and containing a section with details about the panel datasets, is available for download "https://sites.duke.edu/ncsweb/files/2020/09/NCS-I-IV-Cumulative-Codebook_FINAL_8Sept2020.pdf" Target="_blank">here. The codebook contains the original questionnaire, as well as detailed information on survey methodology, weights, coding, and more.

The "/data-archive?fid=NCSIV" Target="_blank">NCS Cumulative Dataset is also available from the ARDA.

Abstract (en): This round of Eurobarometer surveys diverged from the standard Eurobarometer measures and queried respondents on their opinions regarding science and technology, social values, and services of general interest. Questions concerning the first topic focused on the respondents' attitudes toward science and technology issues including what areas they were most interested, how informed respondents were in general, and recent visits to a museum of science and technology or another type of public museum. Other questions measured respondents' level of trust in science, their views on the role science and technology should have in improving the economy, the potential benefits or harmful effects of science, and the role the European Community plays in scientific research. Another topic covered was social values in relation to science and technology. Respondents were asked how often they thought about the meaning and purpose of life, about their spiritual beliefs, what kind of family they grew up in, how often they trusted other people, how satisfied they were with their lives, whether a university education is more important for a man than for a woman, and whether men make better political leaders than women. The surveys also solicited respondents' opinions with respect to developing technologies (including solar energy, biotechnology, genetic engineering, the Internet, nanotechnology), and possible applications of science and technology over the next 20 years (such as cloning monkeys or pigs for use in research into human diseases or cloning human beings so that couples can have a baby even when one partner has a genetic disease). Respondents were queried on their opinions about humanity's relationship to nature, what decisions about science and technology should be based primarily on, how important they thought science and technology would be for their society in ten years' time, and if what those who are involved in science and technology do has a positive effect on society. Finally, the topic of services of general interest (such as electricity, natural gas, fixed telephone, mobile phone, postal services, local transport, rail transport, and air transport) included questions regarding satisfaction with the provision of services, accessibility, fairness in pricing, quality of service, and customer service. Background information collected includes respondent age, gender, nationality, marital status, left-right political self-placement, occupation, age at completion of education, household composition, telephone equipment, religion, and region of residence. Please review the ICPSR Weighting Information provided in the codebook for information regarding weights available with Eurobarometer 63.1. Citizens of the EU aged 15 and over residing in the 25 EU member countries: Austria, Belgium, Republic of Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, plus the citizens of the four EU candidate countries: Bulgaria, Croatia, Romania, Turkey, as well as the citizens in three EFTA (European Free Trade Association) countries: Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland. Smallest Geographic Unit: country Multistage national probability samples. 2008-08-27 The data have been further processed by the ZA, and the SPSS setup file and codebook have been updated. Also, SAS and Stata setup files, SPSS and Stata system files, SAS transport (CPORT) file, and a tab-delimited ASCII data file have been added. face-to-face interview(1) The documentation (codebook and SAS, SPSS and Stata setup files) for this collection contain characters with diacritical marks used in many European languages. (2) The categories and scales for variables P6 (Size of Community) and P7 (Region) may have changed compared to former Eurobarometers up to Eurobarometer 61. (3) The variable P6UK (Size of Locality United Kingdom) integrates data for Northern Ireland (codes 1-2) and Great Britain (codes 3-5). (4) The fieldwork dates in the data file for Austria, Portugal, Spain, and Norway are not consistent with the fieldwork dates in the Technical Specifications. (5) The total number of interviews is 31,390. The table in the Technical Specifications shows the total number of interviews as 32,897. (6) Values in the data and setup files may vary from those shown in the questionnaire due to standa...