The General Social Surveys (GSS) have been conducted by the National Opinion Research Center (NORC) annually since 1972, except for the years 1979, 1981, and 1992 (a supplement was added in 1992), and biennially beginning in 1994. The GSS are designed to be part of a program of social indicator research, replicating questionnaire items and wording in order to facilitate time-trend studies. This data file has all cases and variables asked on the 2022 GSS.

The 2022 cross-sectional General Social Survey has been updated to Release Version 3a as of May 2024. This Release includes the addition of an oversample of minorities (based on the AmeriSpeak® Panel), household composition and respondent selection data, and post-stratified weights for all years of the GSS.

To download syntax files for the GSS that reproduce well-known religious group recodes, including RELTRAD, please visit the "/research/syntax-repository-list" Target="_blank">ARDA's Syntax Repository.

The General Social Survey (GSS) collects information from the general public on a wide variety of subjects, including attitudes toward social issues, religion, education, jobs and the economy, government and other institutions, politics, and policy issues. The 2012 merged data used a rolling panel design. The first panel is the 2008 GSS as the base year. The second panel is a subsample of the GSS cases from 2008 that was selected to be reinterview for the GSS in 2010 along with a new cross-section of cases. The third panel is the same subsample of 2008 GSS cases reinterviewed for the GSS in 2012 along with a new cross-section of cases. The 2012 GSS merged data file has the third wave of the 2008 respondents (N=1295), the second wave of the 2010 respondents (N=1,551), and the first wave (a cross-section) of 2012 respondents (N=1,974). Besides the standard GSS topics, such as attitudes toward social issues, religion, education, jobs and the economy, government and other institutions, politics, and policy issues, the 2012 GSS data included a "Cultural Module," a battery of questions focused on culture and the arts. Questions asked if the respondent attended various performances or exhibits, who they attended with, if the performance attended was free, factors that impacted the decision to attend or not attend. The merged data also include demographic information including age, sex, race, and income. This data collection also contains questions asked in the 2008 GSS and the 2010 GSS.

Abstract (en): Since 1972, the General Social Survey (GSS) has been monitoring societal change and studying the growing complexity of American society. The GSS aims to gather data on contemporary American society in order to monitor and explain trends and constants in attitudes, behaviors, and attributes; to examine the structure and functioning of society in general as well as the role played by relevant subgroups; to compare the United States to other societies in order to place American society in comparative perspective and develop cross-national models of human society; and to make high-quality data easily accessible to scholars, students, policy makers, and others, with minimal cost and waiting. GSS questions include such items as national spending priorities, marijuana use, crime and punishment, race relations, quality of life, and confidence in institutions. Since 1988, the GSS has also collected data on sexual behavior including number of sex partners, frequency of intercourse, extramarital relationships, and sex with prostitutes. In 1985 the GSS co-founded the International Social Survey Program (ISSP). The ISSP has conducted an annual cross-national survey each year since then and has involved 58 countries and interviewed over one million respondents. The ISSP asks an identical battery of questions in all countries; the U.S. version of these questions is incorporated into the GSS. The 2016 GSS added in new variables covering information regarding social media use, suicide, hope and optimism, arts and culture, racial/ethnic identity, flexibility of work, spouses work and occupation, home cohabitation, and health. ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection: Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes.. All noninstitutionalized, English and Spanish speaking persons 18 years of age or older, living in the United States. Smallest Geographic Unit: census region For sampling information, please see Appendix A of the ICPSR Codebook. computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI), face-to-face interview, telephone interview Please note that NORC may have updated the General Social Survey data files. Additional information regarding the General Social Surveys can be found at the General Social Survey (GSS) Web site.

The General Social Surveys (GSS) have been conducted by the National Opinion Research Center (NORC) annually since 1972, except for the years 1979, 1981, and 1992 (a supplement was added in 1992), and biennially beginning in 1994. The GSS are designed to be part of a program of social indicator research, replicating questionnaire items and wording in order to facilitate time-trend studies. This data file has all cases and variables asked on the 2014 GSS. There are a total of 3,842 cases in the data set but their initial sampling years vary because the GSS now contains panel cases. Sampling years can be identified with the variable SAMPTYPE.

To download syntax files for the GSS that reproduce well-known religious group recodes, including RELTRAD, please visit the "/research/syntax-repository-list" Target="_blank">ARDA's Syntax Repository.

The General Social Survey (GSS) conducts basic scientific research on the structure and development of American society with a data-collection program designed to both monitor societal change within the United States and to compare the United States to other nations. Begun in 1972, the GSS contains a standard 'core' of demographic, behavioral, and attitudinal questions, plus topics of special interest. Many of the core questions have remained unchanged since 1972 to facilitate time-trend studies as well as replication of earlier findings.

The China GSS is an annual or biannual questionnaire survey of China's urban and rural households aiming to monitor systematically the changing relationship between social structure and quality of life in urban and rural China. The objectives of the China GSS are: (1) to gather longitudinal data on social trends; (2) to address issues of theoretical and practical significance; and (3) to serve as a global resource for the international scholarly community. Includes: labour force activity, demographic variables, household size and composition, ethnicity of R and parents, mobility, dwelling, income, expenditures and facilities, education, military service, etc. 1 data file (1,000 logical records) & accompanying documentation (5 pdf files) in both English and Chinese characters.

Abstract (en): The East Asian Social Survey (EASS) is a biennial social survey project that serves as a cross-national network of the following four General Social Survey type surveys in East Asia: Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS), Japanese General Social Survey (JGSS), Korean General Social Survey (KGSS), Taiwan Social Change Survey (TSCS), and comparatively examines diverse aspects of social life in these regions. Survey information in this module focuses on leisure and recreational activities, as well as cultural norms and expectations of respondents. Specific questions were asked pertaining to how often respondents watched certain types of movies, dramas, and other forms of entertainment, as well as what country this entertainment was in. Other information collected includes opinion questions, such as qualities preferred in friends, family responsibilities and roles, as well as taste in music, and feelings of closeness to one's country, city or town, and East Asia. Other topics include sources of international news and discussion frequency, countries or regions traveled, as well as where acquaintances live. Additionally, respondents were asked how accepting they would be of people from other countries as coworkers, neighbors, and in marriage. Information was collected regarding foreign practices, whether the respondent was working for a foreign capital company, and the economic environment. Respondents were also asked to provide their family members' and acquaintances' occupations, as well as assess their own proficiency when reading, speaking, and writing in English. Demographic information specific to the respondent and their spouse includes age, sex, marital status, education, employment status and hours worked, occupation, earnings and income, religion, class, size of community, and region. The purpose of this study was to provide students and scholars in the social science community with integrated East Asian Social Survey datasets collected by coordinated efforts of the participating institutions in China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. For information on study design, users should refer to the Original P.I. Documentation in the ICPSR Codebook, as well as visit the East Asian Social Survey (EASS) Web site. This data collection contains weight variables that should be used during analysis. Please refer to the Original P.I. Documentation as well as visit the East Asian Social Survey (EASS) Web site for more information on weighting. ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection: Created online analysis version with question text.; Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes.. Response Rates: Response rates for each of the four countries' social surveys (China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan) are the following: China - 47.77 percent (6,300 initial sample size; 3,010 respondents), Japan - 54.0 percent or 60.6 percent by Japanese General Social Survey official formula (4,003 initial sample size; 2,160 respondents), South Korea - 61.0 percent (2,500 initial sample size; 1,508 respondents), and Taiwan - 44.93 percent (4,601 initial sample size; 2,067 respondents). Cross-national network of adult respondents in East Asia that have participated in the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS), the Japanese General Social Survey (JGSS), the Korean General Social Survey (KGSS), and the Taiwan Social Change Survey (TSCS). Smallest Geographic Unit: county For information on sampling, users should refer to the Original P.I. Documentation in the ICPSR Codebook, as well as visit the East Asian Social Survey (EASS) Web site. 2014-05-01 Revisions of the earnings and household income variables were made by the PI from categorical to continuous. face-to-face interview, self-enumerated questionnaireThe East Asian Social Survey (EASS) is based on Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS), Japanese General Social Survey (JGSS), Korean General Social Survey (KGSS), and Taiwan Social Change Survey (TSCS), and is distributed by the East Asia Social Survey Data Archive (EASSDA).Please refer to these related data collections featuring other modules of the East Asian Social Survey (EASS): ICPSR 34606, EAST ASIAN...

ALLBUS (GGSS - the German General Social Survey) is a biennial trend survey based on random samples of the German population. Established in 1980, its mission is to monitor attitudes, behavior, and social change in Germany. Each ALLBUS cross-sectional survey consists of one or two main question modules covering changing topics, a range of supplementary questions and a core module providing detailed demographic information. Additionally, data on the interview and the interviewers are provided as well. Key topics generally follow a 10-year replication cycle, many individual indicators and item batteries are replicated at shorter intervals.

Since the mid-1980ies ALLBUS also regularly hosts one or two modules of the ISSP (International Social Survey Programme).

The main question module of ALLBUS/GGSS 2018 covers political attitudes and political participation (including trust, populism, political knowledge, attitudes towards democracy). Other topics include use of media, social inequality and social capital, national pride and right-wing-extremism, and attitudes relating to the process of German unification. Additionally included are the ISSP modules “Social networks II” and “Religion IV”.

Topics:

1.) Economy: assessments of the present and future economic situation in Germany, assessment of present and future personal economic situation.

2.) Use of media: frequency and overall time of watching television; frequency of watching news programs on public and private channels respectively; frequency of reading a daily newspaper per week; frequency of using the Internet for political information.

3.) Politics: Political attitudes: Party inclination, political interest, self-placement on left-right continuum, placement of political parties on a left-right-continuum likelihood of voting for different political parties, postmaterialism (importance of law and order, fighting rising prices, free expression of opinions, and influence on governmental decisions); attitudes towards refugees, support for demanding more adaptation of immigrants to German customs and practices, for less government interference in the economy, for stricter environmental protection measures, for a ban on same-sex marriages, for the preferential treatment of women with regard to job applications and promotions, for harsher punishment of criminals, for making social security government´s top priority, for a redistribution of income in favor of the common people; for the view that immigrants are good for the economy, for access to abortion without legal limitations, for more global free trade, for stopping the influx of refugees;

Political participation: personal participation or willingness to participate in selected forms of protest, norms for political participation (citizens should voice their political discontent, participation in the vote is a civic duty, acceptability of political violence, plebiscites are a necessary part of democracy, everybody should keep up with politics);

Political self-efficacy: assessment of own capability and that of the majority of people with regard to working in apolitical group, too much complexity in politics, perception of politicians’ attitude toward the people, personal and average citizen´s level of political knowledge; Confidence in public institutions and organizations: public health service, federal constitutional court, federal parliament (Bundestag), city or municipal administration, judiciary, television, newspapers, universities, federal government, the police, political parties, European Commission, European Parliament;

Populism scale: members of parliament must only be bound to the will of the people, politicians talk too much and do too little, ordinary citizens would make better representatives than professional politicians, political compromise is a betrayal of principles, the people should make the important political decisions, the people agree on what needs to happen politically, politicians only care about the rich and powerful;

Attitudes towards democracy: support for the idea of democracy, political support (satisfaction with democracy in Germany, satisfaction with the performance of the federal government), necessity and role of the political opposition, freedom of expression, necessity and role of political parties, all democratic parties should have the chance of getting into government, social conflicts and the common good, media influence on the formation of political opinion, satisfac...

This is the main release of the 2018 CCES Common Content Dataset. The data includes a nationally representative sample of 60,000 American adults. This release includes the data from the survey, vote validation for the respondents, and a full guide and codebook. See the guide for a more detailed explanation of the data.

As part of the project "Social Stratification in Eastern Europe after 1989," sample surveys were conducted in 1993 and 1994 in six countries: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Russia, and Slovakia. Using a questionnaire common to all countries, national probability samples of approximately 5,000 members of the adult population were surveyed in five of the six countries in 1993; in Poland, due to the lack of local funds, the data collection was delayed until 1994 and the sample size was reduced to approximately 3,500. To permit analyses of special interest to urban geographers (the Dutch funding was provided by a study committee of the Dutch NSF consisting of sociologists and urban geographers), over-samples of the populations of Prague and Warsaw were surveyed, with the sample sizes sufficient to bring the sum of cases from the over-sample and the national sample in each country to approximately 1,500. (About 900 cases each are available for Budapest and Sofia, generated by the national sample design. Thus, a four city comparison of Eastern European capitals is feasible.) The design of the survey called for exactly comparable wording of questions, and variation in the response categories only where national variations in circumstances (e.g., different religious distributions) warranted it. Country teams were free to add local questions at the end of the questionnaire. To ensure such comparability, the questionnaire was translated into each local language and then back-translated into English; the back-translated versions were compared as a group by a multi-lingual team and discrepancies in wording corrected. Inevitably, despite our best intentions, minor variations crept into the questionnaire. These are identified at appropriate places in the Codebook. The local language questionnaires are shown in Appendix G (Vol. II). (Probability samples of about 1,000 members of the old elite and about 1,000 members of the new elite in each country except Slovakia were also surveyed, using a similar but not identical questionnaire. These surveys have a separate codebook, which may be found under the title "Social Stratification in Eastern Europe after 1989: Elite Survey".)

ALLBUS (GGSS - the German General Social Survey) is a biennial trend survey based on random samples of the German population. Established in 1980, its mission is to monitor attitudes, behavior, and social change in Germany. Each ALLBUS cross-sectional survey consists of one or two main question modules covering changing topics, a range of supplementary questions and a core module providing detailed demographic information. Additionally, data on the interview and the interviewers are provided as well. Key topics generally follow a 10-year replication cycle, many individual indicators and item batteries are replicated at shorter intervals.

The main question module of ALLBUS/GGSS 2021 focuses on deviant behavior and sanctions. Another focus of the survey was the replication of questions from a broad range of topics. This included questions on politics and political attitudes, social inequality, gender roles, media use, and health.

In contrast to the previous surveys in the ALLBUS series, ALLBUS 2021 was conducted in a self-administered mixed-mode design (MAIL (postal self-completion) and CAWI (computer-assisted web interview)).

The National Congregations Study (NCS) dataset fills a void in the sociological study of congregations by providing data that can be used to draw a nationally aggregate picture of congregations. Thanks to innovations in sampling techniques, the 1998 NCS data was the first nationally representative sample of American congregations. Subsequent NCS waves were conducted in 2006-07, 2012, and 2018-19.

Like Wave II, Wave IV again included a panel component. In addition to the new cross-section of congregations generated in conjunction with the 2018 GSS, the NCS-IV included all Wave III congregations that were nominated by GSS respondents who participated in the GSS for the first time in 2012. That is, the panel did not include Wave III congregations that had been nominated by GSS respondents who were in the 2012 GSS because they were part of the GSS's own panel of re-interviewees. The 2018-19 NCS, then, includes a subset of congregations that also were interviewed in 2012. A full codebook, prepared by the primary investigator and containing a section with details about the panel datasets, is available for download "https://sites.duke.edu/ncsweb/files/2020/09/NCS-I-IV-Cumulative-Codebook_FINAL_8Sept2020.pdf" Target="_blank">here. The codebook contains the original questionnaire, as well as detailed information on survey methodology, weights, coding, and more.

The "/data-archive?fid=NCSIV" Target="_blank">NCS Cumulative Dataset is also available from the ARDA.

The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey is an ongoing, nationally representative survey that assesses experiences of sexual violence, stalking, and intimate partner violence among adult women and men in the United States. The survey is focused exclusively on violence and collects information about: Sexual violence by any perpetrator, including information related to rape, being made to penetrate someone else, sexual coercion and unwanted sexual contact. Stalking, including the use of technologies such as text messages, emails, monitoring devices (e.g., cameras and GPS, or global positioning system devices), by perpetrators known and unknown to the victim. Psychological aggression by an intimate partner, including information on expressive forms of aggression and coercive control. Physical violence by an intimate partner. In addition to collecting lifetime and 12-month prevalence data on sexual violence, stalking, and intimate partner violence, the survey collects information on the age at the time of the first victimization, demographic characteristics of respondents, characteristics of perpetrators (age, sex, race/ethnicity, relationship to the respondent) and detailed information about the context in which these types of violence occur. The primary objectives of the survey are to describe the prevalence and characteristics of sexual violence, stalking, and intimate partner violence in the United States; who is most likely to experience these forms of violence; the context in which sexual violence, stalking, and intimate partner violence are experienced; and the consequences and impacts of these forms of violence. The survey was conducted in both English and Spanish, ensuring inclusivity and broader participation. The documentation package includes both the English and Spanish versions of the questionnaire. The data file contains 30,947 observations and 428 variables.

This study contains data on the working conditions of 1,455 workers aged 16 and older who were working for pay for 20 or more hours per week in the United States in the period 1972-1973. This survey is the second undertaken by the investigators to provide an overview of working conditions in the American labor force. The aims of this survey and many of the questions that were asked were comparable to those of the related collection, SURVEY OF WORKING CONDITIONS, 1969-1970 (ICPSR 3507). Among the major aims of this survey were: (1) assessment of the frequency and severity of work-related problems experienced by employed people in general and by major demographic and occupational subgroups, (2) identification of major demographic or occupational groups that were most affected by these problems, (3) development of valid measures of job satisfaction suitable for use with samples of workers in heterogenous occupations and under a variety of conditions, (4) assessment of the impact of working conditions upon the well-being of workers, especially their physical and mental well-being, and (5) establishment of normative statistics that might permit other investigators to compare their data from more limited subsamples of workers with national norms. The major measures used in both surveys were the frequency and severity of labor standards problems, the quality of employment indicators that were shown to be predictors of job satisfaction, the job satisfaction indices themselves, and the ratings of important job facets. Respondents were asked questions about many facets of their job situations and other areas of their lives that might be affected by their jobs in order to assess the impact of work on them. Questions included job tension, security, physical health, job satisfaction, and financial well-being. A series of questions regarding job expectations were also asked. Additional questions probed respondents' feelings about their relationship with their supervisors and their overall contentment with their jobs and with life in general. This survey differs from the earlier survey in the greater emphasis that was placed on questions related to respondents' physical health, drinking habits, and career development. The structured interview schedule contained both closed and open-ended questions. Many of the open-ended questions were directed at estimating the frequency and type of labor standards problems, such as those with unions, discrimination, physical working conditions, wages, and work schedules. Demographic variables provide information on age, sex, race, education, and income.

Abstract (en): This round of Eurobarometer surveys diverged from the standard Eurobarometer measures and queried respondents on their opinions regarding science and technology, social values, and services of general interest. Questions concerning the first topic focused on the respondents' attitudes toward science and technology issues including what areas they were most interested, how informed respondents were in general, and recent visits to a museum of science and technology or another type of public museum. Other questions measured respondents' level of trust in science, their views on the role science and technology should have in improving the economy, the potential benefits or harmful effects of science, and the role the European Community plays in scientific research. Another topic covered was social values in relation to science and technology. Respondents were asked how often they thought about the meaning and purpose of life, about their spiritual beliefs, what kind of family they grew up in, how often they trusted other people, how satisfied they were with their lives, whether a university education is more important for a man than for a woman, and whether men make better political leaders than women. The surveys also solicited respondents' opinions with respect to developing technologies (including solar energy, biotechnology, genetic engineering, the Internet, nanotechnology), and possible applications of science and technology over the next 20 years (such as cloning monkeys or pigs for use in research into human diseases or cloning human beings so that couples can have a baby even when one partner has a genetic disease). Respondents were queried on their opinions about humanity's relationship to nature, what decisions about science and technology should be based primarily on, how important they thought science and technology would be for their society in ten years' time, and if what those who are involved in science and technology do has a positive effect on society. Finally, the topic of services of general interest (such as electricity, natural gas, fixed telephone, mobile phone, postal services, local transport, rail transport, and air transport) included questions regarding satisfaction with the provision of services, accessibility, fairness in pricing, quality of service, and customer service. Background information collected includes respondent age, gender, nationality, marital status, left-right political self-placement, occupation, age at completion of education, household composition, telephone equipment, religion, and region of residence. Please review the ICPSR Weighting Information provided in the codebook for information regarding weights available with Eurobarometer 63.1. Citizens of the EU aged 15 and over residing in the 25 EU member countries: Austria, Belgium, Republic of Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, plus the citizens of the four EU candidate countries: Bulgaria, Croatia, Romania, Turkey, as well as the citizens in three EFTA (European Free Trade Association) countries: Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland. Smallest Geographic Unit: country Multistage national probability samples. 2008-08-27 The data have been further processed by the ZA, and the SPSS setup file and codebook have been updated. Also, SAS and Stata setup files, SPSS and Stata system files, SAS transport (CPORT) file, and a tab-delimited ASCII data file have been added. face-to-face interview(1) The documentation (codebook and SAS, SPSS and Stata setup files) for this collection contain characters with diacritical marks used in many European languages. (2) The categories and scales for variables P6 (Size of Community) and P7 (Region) may have changed compared to former Eurobarometers up to Eurobarometer 61. (3) The variable P6UK (Size of Locality United Kingdom) integrates data for Northern Ireland (codes 1-2) and Great Britain (codes 3-5). (4) The fieldwork dates in the data file for Austria, Portugal, Spain, and Norway are not consistent with the fieldwork dates in the Technical Specifications. (5) The total number of interviews is 31,390. The table in the Technical Specifications shows the total number of interviews as 32,897. (6) Values in the data and setup files may vary from those shown in the questionnaire due to standa...