Abstract

A crosswalk table from US postal ZIP codes to geo-points (latitude, longitude)

Documentation

Data source: public.opendatasoft.

The ZIP code database contained in 'zipcode.csv' contains 43204 ZIP codes for the continental United States, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and American Samoa. The database is in comma separated value format, with columns for ZIP code, city, state, latitude, longitude, timezone (offset from GMT), and daylight savings time flag (1 if DST is observed in this ZIP code and 0 if not).

This database was composed using ZIP code gazetteers from the US Census Bureau from 1999 and 2000, augmented with additional ZIP code information The database is believed to contain over 98% of the ZIP Codes in current use in the United States. The remaining ZIP Codes absent from this database are entirely PO Box or Firm ZIP codes added in the last five years, which are no longer published by the Census Bureau, but in any event serve a very small minority of the population (probably on the order of .1% or less). Although every attempt has been made to filter them out, this data set may contain up to .5% false positives, that is, ZIP codes that do not exist or are no longer in use but are included due to erroneous data sources. The latitude and longitude given for each ZIP code is typically (though not always) the geographic centroid of the ZIP code; in any event, the location given can generally be expected to lie somewhere within the ZIP code's "boundaries".The ZIP code database contained in 'zipcode.csv' contains 43204 ZIP codes for the continental United States, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and American Samoa. The database is in comma separated value format, with columns for ZIP code, city, state, latitude, longitude, timezone (offset from GMT), and daylight savings time flag (1 if DST is observed in this ZIP code and 0 if not). This database was composed using ZIP code gazetteers from the US Census Bureau from 1999 and 2000, augmented with additional ZIP code information The database is believed to contain over 98% of the ZIP Codes in current use in the United States. The remaining ZIP Codes absent from this database are entirely PO Box or Firm ZIP codes added in the last five years, which are no longer published by the Census Bureau, but in any event serve a very small minority of the population (probably on the order of .1% or less). Although every attempt has been made to filter them out, this data set may contain up to .5% false positives, that is, ZIP codes that do not exist or are no longer in use but are included due to erroneous data sources. The latitude and longitude given for each ZIP code is typically (though not always) the geographic centroid of the ZIP code; in any event, the location given can generally be expected to lie somewhere within the ZIP code's "boundaries".

The database and this README are copyright 2004 CivicSpace Labs, Inc., and are published under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license, which requires that all updates must be released under the same license. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/ for more details. Please contact schuyler@geocoder.us if you are interested in receiving updates to this database as they become available.The database and this README are copyright 2004 CivicSpace Labs, Inc., and are published under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license, which requires that all updates must be released under the same license. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/ for more details. Please contact schuyler@geocoder.us if you are interested in receiving updates to this database as they become available.

Population weighted centroids are a common tool for spatial analysis, particularly when more granular data is unavailable or researchers lack sophisticated geocoding tools. The ZIP Code Population Weighted Centroids allows researchers and analysts to estimate the center of population in a given geography rather than the geometric center. Data to estimate ZIP code centroids is extracted from administrative USPS address data. The population weighted centroids are based on the number of residential addresses in the component ZIP+4 (also sometimes referred to as 'ZIP9') locations for each ZIP code. The data is based on ZIP+4 centroids, not ZIP Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTAs).To learn more about administrative USPS address data, please visit: https://www.huduser.gov/portal/datasets/usps.htmlData Dictionary: DD_ZIP Code Population Weighted Centroids, for questions about the spatial attribution of this dataset, please reach out to us at GISHelpdesk@hud.gov. Date of Coverage: 12/2023

US Postal Service ZIP Code boundaries. This layer was created by Los Angeles County eGIS to align with parcel boundaries.ZIP is an acronym for Zone Improvement Plan.Legal vs. Postal Cities: Many users confuse the name the Post Office delivers mail to (e.g. Van Nuys, Hollywood) as a legal city (in this case Los Angeles), when they are a postal city. The County contains 88 legal cities, and over 400 postal names that are tied to the ZIP Codes. To support usability and geocoding, we have attached the first 3 postal cities to each address, based upon its ZIP Code.The US Postal Service is the authoritative source for ZIP Code data. See their website for more information.

Our Israel zip code Database offers comprehensive postal code data for spatial analysis, including postal and administrative areas. This dataset contains accurate and up-to-date information on all administrative divisions, cities, and zip codes, making it an invaluable resource for various applications such as address capture and validation, map and visualization, reporting and business intelligence (BI), master data management, logistics and supply chain management, and sales and marketing. Our location data packages are available in various formats, including CSV, optimized for seamless integration with popular systems like Esri ArcGIS, Snowflake, QGIS, and more. Product features include fully and accurately geocoded data, multi-language support with address names in local and foreign languages, comprehensive city definitions, and the option to combine map data with UNLOCODE and IATA codes, time zones, and daylight saving times. Companies choose our location databases for their enterprise-grade service, reduction in integration time and cost by 30%, and weekly updates to ensure the highest quality.

Street_NoNum_and_ZipCode_Composite uses the NYS Streets and Zipcode boundaries to return a match within the street segment. Any address that does not successfully geocode to the first composite can then be run through the second composite locator (Street_NoNum_and_ZipCode_Composite). Recognizing that hits from this locator will not be spatially accurate. This composite locator is made up of the following locators.Locator NameSource DataDescription4A_SS_NoNum_ZipNameNYS Street SegmentsNYS Street Segments dataset using the postal zip code name for the City name in the locator. The location is placed on a street segment with the matching name. Please note this may or may not be the correct street segment.4B_SS_NoNum_CTNameNYS Street SegmentsNYS Street Segments dataset using the city or town name is used for the city name in the locator. The location is placed on a street segment with the matching name. Please note this may or may not be the correct street segment.4C_SS_NoNum_PlaceNameNYS Street SegmentsNYS Street Segments dataset using the alternate place name is used for the city name in the locator. This field is populated using the NYS Villages and Indian Reservations, the Census Designated Places and Alternate Acceptable Zip Code Names from the USPS. These areas do not exist everywhere so there will be a limited number of segments with this attribute. The location is placed on a street segment with the matching name. Please note this may or may not be the correct street segment.5_ZipCodePtsZip Code boundariesPoint placed at the centroid of the Zip Code boundaries. Currently, the geocoding service will return all of the results when using the Find Tool within ArcGIS. The user will then be responsible for choosing which of the results they want to keep. The SAM Address Points are the most accurate data available and should be picked anytime a result is returned from one of the SAM address point locators. If the geocoding service is used in the ESRI batch tool, the locator will return a Match from the first locator it comes to in the cascading order. If there are multiple locators with the same score or within the same locator the first result is returned and it is coded as a Tie.The locators will output a field named 'User_fld' which should be used in conjunction with the Loc_Name field. When the Loc_Name field contains one of the Address Point locators (1A, 1B or 1C) this field will contain either a 1,2,3,4 or a 5. When the Loc_Name field contains anything other than the Address Point locators, the 'User_fld' will either be NULL or "0". The numeric values correspond with the type of Address Point that was located:RooftopPrimary Structure EntranceDrivewayParcel CentroidMiscellaneous

The presentation provided an introduction to the PCCF and PCCF+, the uses of small-area data, components of a postal code, SLI geocoding versus population-weighting, pitfalls of automated geocoding, and why one would want to use PCCF+ file.

Address ranges describe a label given to a unique collection of addresses that fall along a road or path. Address ranges provide a way of locating homes and businesses based on their street addresses when no other location information is available.Using a house number, street name, street side and ZIP code, address ranges can locate the address to the geographic area associated to that side of the street. Once geocoded, the U.S. Census Bureau can assign the address to a field assignment area or tabulate the data for that address. In addition, academics, researchers, professionals and government agencies outside of the Census Bureau use MAF/TIGER address ranges to transform tabular addresses into geographical datasets for decision-making and analytical purposes.Address ranges must be unique to geocode addresses to the correct location and avoid geocoding conflicts. Multiple elements in MAF/TIGER are required to make an address range unique including street names, address house numbers and street feature geometries, such as street centerlines. The address range data model is designed to maximize geocoding matches with their correct geographic areas in MAF/TIGER by allowing an unlimited number of address range-to-street feature relationships.The Census Bureau’s Geography Division devises numerous operations and processes to build and maintain high quality address ranges so that:Address ranges accurately describe the location of addresses on the ground.Address All possible city-style addresses are geocoded.Address ranges can handle all known address and street name variations.Address ranges conform with current U.S. Postal Service ZIP codes.Address ranges are reliable and free from conflicts.Automated software continually updates existing address ranges, builds new address ranges and corrects errors. An automated operation links address location points and tabular address information to street feature edges with matching street names in the same block to build and modify address ranges.Many business rules and legal value checks ensure quality address range data in MAF/TIGER. For example, business rules prevent adding or modifying address ranges that overlap another house number range with the same street name and ZIP code. Legal value checks verify that address ranges include mandatory attribute information, valid data types and valid character values.Some of the TIGER/Line products for the public include address ranges and give the public the ability to geocode addresses to MAF/TIGER address ranges for the user’s own purpose. The address range files are available for the nation, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Island Areas at the county level. TIGER/Line files require geographic information system (GIS) software to use.The Census Bureau Geocoder Service is a web service provided to the public. The service accepts up to 1,000 input addresses and, based on Census address ranges, returns the interpolated geocoded location and census geographies. Users can access the service a web interface or a representational state transfer (REST) application program interface (API) web service. See the Census Geocoder for more information on this process. Directions on how to use the Census Geocoder available: Geocoding Services Web Application Programming Interface (API)Download: https://www2.census.gov/geo/tiger/TGRGDB24/tlgdb_2024_a_us_addr.gdb.zip

Our Bahrain zip code Database offers comprehensive postal code data for spatial analysis, including postal and administrative areas. This dataset contains accurate and up-to-date information on all administrative divisions, cities, and zip codes, making it an invaluable resource for various applications such as address capture and validation, map and visualization, reporting and business intelligence (BI), master data management, logistics and supply chain management, and sales and marketing. Our location data packages are available in various formats, including CSV, optimized for seamless integration with popular systems like Esri ArcGIS, Snowflake, QGIS, and more. Product features include fully and accurately geocoded data, multi-language support with address names in local and foreign languages, comprehensive city definitions, and the option to combine map data with UNLOCODE and IATA codes, time zones, and daylight saving times. Companies choose our location databases for their enterprise-grade service, reduction in integration time and cost by 30%, and weekly updates to ensure the highest quality.

The Street_and_Address_Composite will return a geographic coordinate when a street address is entered. A user can enter an address either manually or by bulk input from a database or other source.The geocoder returns a coordinate pair and standardized address for each input address it is able to match. The NYS ITS Geospatial Services geocoder uses a series of combinations of reference data and configuration parameters to optimize both the likelihood of a match and the quality of the results. The reference data supporting the geocoder is stored in Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) standard.The first composite locator (Street_and_Address_Composite) is made up of the following set of locators which are most likely to return a high quality hit. The locators are listed in the order in which they will be accessed along with a brief description of the locator's source data. These six locators will generate the majority of the results when geocoding addresses.Locator NameSource DataDescription1A_SAM_AP_ZipNameSAM Address PointsSAM address points using the postal zip code name for the city name in the locator.1B_SAM_AP_CTNameSAM Address PointsSAM address points. The city or town name is used for the city name in the locator.1C_SAM_AP_PlaceNameSAM Address PointsSAM address points. The city name is populated using the NYS Villages and Indian Reservations, the Census Designated Places and Alternate Acceptable Zip Code Names from the USPS. These names do not exist everywhere so there will be a limited number of points in this locator.3A_SS_ZipNameNYS Street SegmentsNYS Street Segments dataset using the postal zip code name for the city name in the locator. The location is interpolated from an address range on the street segment. The city name can be different for the left and right sides of the streets.3B_SS_CTNameNYS Street SegmentsNYS Street Segments using the city or town name for the city name in the locator. The location is interpolated from an address range on the street segment.3C_SS_PlaceNameNYS Street SegmentsNYS Street Segments using an alternate place name for the city field. This field is populated using the NYS Villages and Indian Reservations, the Census Designated Places and Alternate Acceptable Zip Code Names from the USPS. These areas do not exist everywhere so there will be a limited number of segments with this attribute. The location is interpolated from an address range on the street segment.For more information about the geocoding service, please visit: https://gis.ny.gov/address-geocoder.For documentation on how to add these locators to ArcGIS, please reference Adding the Statewide Geocoding Web Service. If you would like these locators to be your default locators in ArcGIS, copy DefaultLocators.xml to C:\Users<username>\AppData\Roaming\ESRI\Desktop10.X\Locators, where

Overview

Empower your location data visualizations with our edge-matched polygons, even in difficult geographies.

Our self-hosted geospatial data cover postal divisions for the whole world. The geospatial data shapes are offered in high-precision and visualization resolution and are easily customized on-premise.

Use cases for the Global Boundaries Database (Geospatial data, Map data, Polygon daa)

• In-depth spatial analysis

• Clustering

• Geofencing

• Reverse Geocoding

• Reporting and Business Intelligence (BI)

Product Features

• Coherence and precision at every level

• Edge-matched polygons

• High-precision shapes for spatial analysis

• Fast-loading polygons for reporting and BI

• Multi-language support

For additional insights, you can combine the map data with:

• Population data: Historical and future trends

• UNLOCODE and IATA codes

• Time zones and Daylight Saving Time (DST)

Data export methodology

Our location data packages are offered in variable formats, including - .shp - .gpkg - .kml - .shp - .gpkg - .kml - .geojson

All geospatial data are optimized for seamless integration with popular systems like Esri ArcGIS, Snowflake, QGIS, and more.

Why companies choose our map data

• Precision at every level

• Coverage of difficult geographies

• No gaps, nor overlaps

Note: Custom geospatial data packages are available. Please submit a request via the above contact button for more details.

From Statistics Canada release email 16 June 2022 The Postal Code Project is responsible for linking the approximately 900,000 single postal codes in Canada to Statistics Canada’s Census dissemination geography (presently 2021 Census geographic areas). The term population centre will replace the term urban area. A population centre will be defined as an area with a population of at least 1,000 and a density of 400 or more people per square kilometre. All areas outside population centres will continue to be defined as rural area. This new terminology will be implemented consistently across the Agency. Population centres will be divided into three groups based on the size of their population to reflect the existence of an urban-rural continuum: small population centres, with a population of between 1,000 and 29,999; medium population centres, with a population of between 30,000 and 99,999; large urban population centres, consisting of a population of 100,000 and over. Population centre and rural area classification has been added to the file.

Racial identification is a critical factor in understanding a multitude of important outcomes in many fields. However, inferring an individual’s race from ecological data is prone to bias and error. This process was only recently improved via Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding (BISG). With surname and geographic-based demographic data, it is possible to more accurately estimate individual racial identification than ever before. However, the level of geography used in this process varies widely. Whereas some existing work makes use of geocoding to place individuals in precise census blocks, a substantial portion either skips geocoding altogether or relies on estimation using surname or county-level analyses. Presently, the tradeoffs of such variation are unknown. In this letter we quantify those tradeoffs through a validation of BISG on Georgia’s voter file using both geocoded and non-geocoded processes and introduce a new level of geography--ZIP codes--to this method. We find that when estimating the racial identification of White and Black voters, non-geocoded ZIP code-based estimates are acceptable alternatives. However, census blocks provide the most accurate estimations when imputing racial identification for Asian and Hispanic voters. Our results document the most efficient means to sequentially conduct BISG analysis to maximize racial identification estimation while simultaneously minimizing data missingness and bias.

The Postal Code Conversion File (PCCF) is a digital file which provides a correspondence between the Canada Post Corporation (CPC) six-character postal code and Statistics Canada's standard geographic areas for which census data and other statistics are produced. Through the link between postal codes and standard geographic areas, the PCCF permits the integration of data from various sources. The Single Link Indicator provides one best link for every postal code, as there are multiple records for many postal codes. To obtain the postal code conversion file or for questions, consult the DLI contact at your educational institution. The geographic coordinates attached to each postal code on the PCCF are commonly used to map the distribution of data for spatial analysis (e.g., clients, activities). The location information is a powerful tool for planning, or research purposes. In April 1983, the Geography Division released the first version of the PCCF, which linked postal codes to 1981 Census geographic areas and included geographic coordinates. Since then, the file has been updated on a regular basis to reflect changes. For this release of the PCCF, the vast majority of the postal codes are directly geocoded to 2006 Census geography. This improves precision of the file over the previous conversion process used to align postal code linkages to new geographic areas after each census. About 94% of the postal codes were linked to geographic areas using the new automated process. A quality indicator for the confidence of this linkage is available in the PCCF.

Approximate polygon areas of ZIP Code + 4 routes for USPS. Created by geocoding address points through www.SmartyStreets.com on 03/23/2017, to retrieve ZIP codes for each point. Then grouped into polygons based on their ZIP+4 codes using Thiessen (Voronoi) polygons.Note: Sandy Springs PO boxes also have 3 zip codes: 303583115031156These are used solely for PO Boxes, no street addresses.

The Postal Code Project is responsible for linking the approximately 900,000 single postal codes in Canada to Statistics Canada’s Census dissemination geography, (presently 2021 Census geography). This process is performed by using data provided by Canada Post Corporation and linking to Census Dissemination geography via the process of geocoding. The result is the creation of the Postal Code Conversion File (PCCF) which provides a correspondence between the six character postal code and Statistics Canada’s standard geographical areas, and also the Postal Codes by Federal Ridings File (PCFRF) which provides a link between the six character postal code and Canada’s federal electoral districts.

The Postal Code Conversion File (PCCF) is a digital file, which provides a correspondence between the six character postal code and Statistics Canada's standard geographical areas for which census data and other statistics are produced. Through the link between postal codes and standard geographic areas, the PCCF permits the integration of data from various sources. The Single Link Indicator provides one best link for every postal code, as there are multiple records for many postal codes. To obtain the postal code conversion file or for questions, consult the DLI contact at your educational institution. The geographic co-ordinates attached to each postal code on the PCCF are commonly used to map the distribution of data for spatial analysis (e.g., clients, activities). The location information is a powerful tool for marketing, planning, or research purposes. In April 1983, the Geography Division released the first version of the Postal Code Conversion File, which linked postal codes to census geographic areas and included geographic coordinates. Since then, the file has been updated on a regular basis to reflect postal code changes provided by Canada Post Corporation. Every five years, the postal code linkages on the PCCF are “converted” to the latest census geographic areas. The original PCCF was linked to the 1981 Census geographic areas. Since then, the PCCF has undergone three “conversions”, following the 1986, 1991 and 1996 censuses. An automated system was developed for the 1991-1996 conversion. Also, for the first time, the 1996 Census reported postal codes were used to validate the PCCF links.

All regional statistics at Eurostat refer to NUTS. However, some data collections use postcodes to reference the geographic location. Therefore, Eurostat has established a link between postcodes and NUTS level 3 codes in order to exploit information which originally is coded only by postcodes. Various projects in Eurostat and other services of the Commission as well as the European Investment Bank have expressed their need for a link between postcodes and NUTS codes. The most important application at Eurostat is in transport statistics where the information is used to identify the flows of goods transport on roads. Another application is to geo-code address registers with the regional NUTS codes because postcodes are generally available as part of the address. The TERCET NUTS-postal codes matching tables contain a lookup-list of European postal codes and their corresponding NUTS codes for the NUTS versions 2010, 2013, 2016 and 2021. There are matching tables for most of the EU, Candidate, EFTA and the United Kingdom. Eurostat has applied a number of quality assurance measures to ensure the best possible quality of the data including formatting checks, checks for completeness of postal codes and checks for spatial accuracy of the geocoding. Additional tables containing distance matrixes for different modes of transport are provided. Nevertheless, due to the very diverse and complex situation in Europe for postal codes data we cannot guarantee that all postal codes are included and have been correctly matched. Should you detect any errors, we would be grateful if you could notify them to us at ESTAT-USER-SUPPORT@ec.europa.eu. The matching tables have been created with data and tools that allow for their free and public distribution for statistical and other non-commercial purposes. More information on quality assurance and data sources can be found in the methodological notes. KNOWN ISSUES FOR NUTS (as of 15/07/2020) Malta has only higher level Postal districts Data for CY has gaps for NUTS 2021, GISCO is working on improving the coverage. * Data for Albania and Montenegro are missing, GISCO is looking into improving the coverage.

BY USING THIS WEBSITE OR THE CONTENT THEREIN, YOU AGREE TO THE TERMS OF USE. Each point represents the spatial location of day care facilities in Oakland County. This feature class contains only the unique ID (LicenseNumber) that is used to relate this feature class to the associated object class containing the remaining attribute information. To create this feature class, the following process was used: a text file was downloaded from the DHS Web site (http://www.michigan.gov/dhs/0,1607,7-124-5455_27716_27718-82321--,00.html) on April 20, 2010. The text file was imported into Access. A copy of the table was made for geocoding puposes, and some of the attributes changed to get a better hit rate when geocoding (e.g., the zip codes were changed to 5 digit numbers, and obvious spelling errors in the road names were fixed). The table was first geocoded to parcel centers, then geocoded to the road centerline. Point features from the previous feature class were copied over for some of remaining unmatched addresses. Of the 1208 records, 1201 (99%) of them geocoded using one of these methods. DHS's list of day care facilities is updated on a daily basis. Oakland County plans to update their geocoded file on a yearly basis.

This dataset contains addresses and related information including names, streets, cities, states, and ZIP codes. The data seems to be useful for location-based demographic analyses or geocoding tasks.

The Postal Code Conversion File (PCCF) is a digital file which provides a correspondence between the Canada Post Corporation (CPC) six-character postal code and Statistics Canada's standard geographic areas for which census data and other statistics are produced. Through the link between postal codes and standard geographic areas, the PCCF permits the integration of data from various sources. The Single Link Indicator provides one best link for every postal code, as there are multiple records for many postal codes. To obtain the postal code conversion file or for questions, consult the DLI contact at your educational institution. The geographic coordinates attached to each postal code on the PCCF are commonly used to map the distribution of data for spatial analysis (e.g., clients, activities). The location information is a powerful tool for planning, or research purposes. The geographic coordinates, which represent the standard geostatistical areas linked to each postal codeOM on the PCCF, are commonly used to map the distribution of data for spatial analysis (e.g., clients, activities). The location information is a powerful tool for marketing, planning, or research purposes. In April 1983, the Statistical Registers and Geography Division released the first version of the PCCF, which linked postal codesOM to 1981 Census geographic areas and included geographic coordinates. Since then, the file has been updated on a regular basis to reflect changes. For this release of the PCCF, the vast majority of the postal codesOM are directly geocoded to 2016 Census geography while others are linked via various conversion processes. A quality indicator for the confidence of this linkage is available in the PCCF.