This dataset is about book subjects and is filtered where the books includes Geometry in geography and the geometry of geography, featuring 10 columns including authors, average publication date, book publishers, book subject, and books. The preview is ordered by number of books (descending).

Refer to the current geographies boundaries table for a list of all current geographies and recent updates. This dataset is the definitive version of the annually released statistical area 3 boundaries as at 1 January 2025, defined by Stats NZ and concorded to higher geographies. This version contains 929 statistical 3 areas (925 digitised and 4 with empty or null geometries (non-digitised)). Statistical area 3 (SA3) is a new output geography, introduced in 2023, that allows aggregations of population data between the SA3geography and territorial authority geography. This dataset is the definitive version of statistical area 3 (SA3) boundaries concorded to higher geographies for 2025 as defined by Stats NZ. This version contains 929 SA3s. This statistical area 3 higher geographies file is a correspondence, or concordance, which relates SA3s to larger geographic areas or 'higher geographies'. The higher geography contained in this concordance is: territorial authority (TA). ​ High-definition version This high definition (HD) version is the most detailed geometry, suitable for use in GIS for geometric analysis operations and for the computation of areas, centroids and other metrics. The HD version is aligned to the LINZ cadastre. ​ Macrons Names are provided with and without tohutō/macrons. The column name for those without macrons is suffixed ‘ascii’. ​ Digital data Digital boundary data became freely available on 1 July 2007. ​ Further information To download geographic classifications in table formats such as CSV please use Ariā For more information please refer to the Statistical standard for geographic areas 2023. Contact: geography@stats.govt.nz

The TIGER/Line shapefiles and related database files (.dbf) are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Database (MTDB). The MTDB represents a seamless national file with no overlaps or gaps between parts, however, each TIGER/Line shapefile is designed to stand alone as an independent data set, or they can be combined to cover the entire nation. The Address Ranges Feature Shapefile (ADDRFEAT.dbf) contains the geospatial edge geometry and attributes of all unsuppressed address ranges for a county or county equivalent area. The term "address range" refers to the collection of all possible structure numbers from the first structure number to the last structure number and all numbers of a specified parity in between along an edge side relative to the direction in which the edge is coded. Single-address address ranges have been suppressed to maintain the confidentiality of the addresses they describe. Multiple coincident address range feature edge records are represented in the shapefile if more than one left or right address ranges are associated to the edge. The ADDRFEAT shapefile contains a record for each address range to street name combination. Address range associated to more than one street name are also represented by multiple coincident address range feature edge records. Note that the ADDRFEAT shapefile includes all unsuppressed address ranges compared to the All Lines Shapefile (EDGES.shp) which only includes the most inclusive address range associated with each side of a street edge. The TIGER/Line shapefile contain potential address ranges, not individual addresses. The address ranges in the TIGER/Line Files are potential ranges that include the full range of possible structure numbers even though the actual structures may not exist.

Refer to the current geographies boundaries table for a list of all current geographies and recent updates. This dataset is the definitive set of statistical area 1 (SA1) boundaries concorded to higher geographies as at 1 January 2025. This version contains 33,164 SA1s, including 16 with empty or null geometries (non-digitised SA1s). SA1 is an output geography that allows the release of more detailed information about population characteristics than is available at the meshblock level. Built by joining meshblocks, SA1s have an ideal size range of 100–200 residents, and a maximum population of about 500. This is to minimise suppression of population data in multivariate statistics tables. This SA1 higher geographies 2025 file is a correspondence, or concordance, which relates SA1s to larger geographic areas or 'higher geographies'. The higher geographies contained in this concordance are: statistical area 2 (SA22025), statistical area 3 (SA32025), urban rural (UR2025), and urban rural indicator (IUR2025), urban accessibility indicator (IUA), functional urban area (FUA), indicator functional urban area (IFUA) and functional urban area type (TFUA), territorial authority (TA2025), and regional council (REGC2025). The geography urban accessibility indicator (IUA) was first published in 2020 and added to this concordance in 2022. ​ High-definition version This high definition (HD) version is the most detailed geometry, suitable for use in GIS for geometric analysis operations and for the computation of areas, centroids and other metrics. The HD version is aligned to the LINZ cadastre. ​ Macrons Names are provided with and without tohutō/macrons. The column name for those without macrons is suffixed ‘ascii’. Digital data Digital boundary data became freely available on 1 July 2007. ​ Further information To download geographic classifications in table formats such as CSV please use Ariā For more information please refer to the Statistical standard for geographic areas 2023. Contact: geography@stats.govt.nz

The TIGER/Line shapefiles and related database files (.dbf) are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Database (MTDB). The MTDB represents a seamless national file with no overlaps or gaps between parts, however, each TIGER/Line shapefile is designed to stand alone as an independent data set, or they can be combined to cover the entire nation. The Address Ranges Feature Shapefile (ADDRFEAT.dbf) contains the geospatial edge geometry and attributes of all unsuppressed address ranges for a county or county equivalent area. The term "address range" refers to the collection of all possible structure numbers from the first structure number to the last structure number and all numbers of a specified parity in between along an edge side relative to the direction in which the edge is coded. Single-address address ranges have been suppressed to maintain the confidentiality of the addresses they describe. Multiple coincident address range feature edge records are represented in the shapefile if more than one left or right address ranges are associated to the edge. The ADDRFEAT shapefile contains a record for each address range to street name combination. Address range associated to more than one street name are also represented by multiple coincident address range feature edge records. Note that the ADDRFEAT shapefile includes all unsuppressed address ranges compared to the All Lines Shapefile (EDGES.shp) which only includes the most inclusive address range associated with each side of a street edge. The TIGER/Line shapefile contain potential address ranges, not individual addresses. The address ranges in the TIGER/Line Files are potential ranges that include the full range of possible structure numbers even though the actual structures may not exist.

Analysis of ‘Geography Lookup Table’ provided by Analyst-2 (analyst-2.ai), based on source dataset retrieved from https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/801e1bd7-e19b-4cb9-8959-b34b8fc61ab7 on 12 February 2022.

--- Dataset description provided by original source is as follows ---

Summary data of fixed broadband coverage by geographic area. License and Attribution: Broadband data from FCC Form 477, and data from the U.S. Census Bureau that are presented on this site are offered free and not subject to copyright restriction. Data and content created by government employees within the scope of their employment are not subject to domestic copyright protection under 17 U.S.C. § 105. See, e.g., U.S. Government Works.

While not required, when using content, data, documentation, code and related materials from fcc.gov or broadbandmap.fcc.gov in your own work, we ask that proper credit be given. Examples include: • Source data: FCC Form 477 • Map layer based on FCC Form 477 • Code data based on broadbandmap.fcc.gov

The geography look ups are created from the US census shapefiles, which are in Global Coordinate System North American Datum of 1983 (GCS NAD83). The coordinates do not get reprojected during processing. The "centroid_lng", "centroid_lat" columns in the lookup table are the exact values from the US census shapefile (INTPTLON, INTPTLAT). The "bbox_arr" column is calculated from the bounding box/extent of the original geometry in the shapefile; no reprojection or transformations are done to the geometry.

--- Original source retains full ownership of the source dataset ---

Context

Adapted from Wikipedia: OpenStreetMap (OSM) is a collaborative project to create a free editable map of the world. Created in 2004, it was inspired by the success of Wikipedia and more than two million registered users who can add data by manual survey, GPS devices, aerial photography, and other free sources.

To aid researchers, data scientists, and analysts in the effort to combat COVID-19, Google is making a hosted repository of public datasets including OpenStreetMap data, free to access. To facilitate the Kaggle community to access the BigQuery dataset, it is onboarded to Kaggle platform which allows querying it without a linked GCP account. Please note that due to the large size of the dataset, Kaggle applies a quota of 5 TB of data scanned per user per 30-days.

Content

This is the OpenStreetMap (OSM) planet-wide dataset loaded to BigQuery.

Tables: - history_* tables: full history of OSM objects. - planet_* tables: snapshot of current OSM objects as of Nov 2019.

The history_* and planet_* table groups are composed of node, way, relation, and changeset tables. These contain the primary OSM data types and an additional changeset corresponding to OSM edits for convenient access. These objects are encoded using the BigQuery GEOGRAPHY data type so that they can be operated upon with the built-in geography functions to perform geometry and feature selection, additional processing.

Resources

You can read more about OSM elements on the OSM Wiki. This dataset uses BigQuery GEOGRAPHY datatype which supports a set of functions that can be used to analyze geographical data, determine spatial relationships between geographical features, and construct or manipulate GEOGRAPHYs.

The TIGER/Line Files are shapefiles and related database files (.dbf) that are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Database (MTDB). The MTDB represents a seamless national file with no overlaps or gaps between parts, however, each TIGER/Line File is designed to stand alone as an independent data set, or they can be combined to cover the entire nation. The Area Hydrography Shapefile contains the geometry and attributes of both perennial and intermittent area hydrography features, including ponds, lakes, oceans, swamps (up to the U.S. nautical three-mile limit), glaciers, and the area covered by large rivers, streams, and/or canals that are represented as double-line drainage. Single-line drainage water features can be found in the Linear Hydrography Shapefile (LINEARWATER.shp). Linear water features includes single-line drainage water features and artificial path features, where they exist, that run through double-line drainage features such as rivers, streams, and/or canals, and serve as a linear representation of these features.

Refer to the current geographies boundaries table for a list of all current geographies and recent updates. This dataset is the definitive set of statistical area 2 (SA2) boundaries concorded to higher geographies as at 1 January 2025. This version contains 2,395 SA2s, (2,379 digitised and 16 with empty or null geometries (non-digitised)). This statistical area 2 higher geographies file is a correspondence, or concordance, which relates SA2s to larger geographic areas or 'higher geographies'. The higher geographies contained in this concordance are: statistical area 3 (SA3), territorial authority (TA) and regional council (REGC). Statistical area 2 is an output geography that provides higher aggregations of population data than can be provided at the statistical area 1 (SA1) level. The SA2 geography aims to reflect communities that interact together socially and economically. In populated areas, SA2s generally contain similar sized populations. ​ High-definition version This high definition (HD) version is the most detailed geometry, suitable for use in GIS for geometric analysis operations and for the computation of areas, centroids and other metrics. The HD version is aligned to the LINZ cadastre. ​ Macrons Names are provided with and without tohutō/macrons. The column name for those without macrons is suffixed ‘ascii’. ​ Digital data Digital boundary data became freely available on 1 July 2007. ​ Further information To download geographic classifications in table formats such as CSV please use Ariā For more information please refer to the Statistical standard for geographic areas 2023. Contact: geography@stats.govt.nz

The TIGER/Line shapefiles and related database files (.dbf) are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Database (MTDB). The MTDB represents a seamless national file with no overlaps or gaps between parts, however, each TIGER/Line shapefile is designed to stand alone as an independent data set, or they can be combined to cover the entire nation. Edge refers to the linear topological primitives that make up MTDB. The All Lines Shapefile contains linear features such as roads, railroads, and hydrography. Additional attribute data associated with the linear features found in the All Lines Shapefile are available in relationship (.dbf) files that users must download separately. The All Lines Shapefile contains the geometry and attributes of each topological primitive edge. Each edge has a unique TIGER/Line identifier (TLID) value.

The presented database is a set of hydrological, meteorological, environmental and geometric values for Russia Federation for the period from 2008 to 2020.

Database consist of next items:

• Point geometry for hydrological observation stations from Roshydromet network across Russia
• Geometry of the catchment for correspond observation station point
• Daily hydrological values
  • Water level
    • In relative representation (sm)
    • In meters of Baltic system (m)
  • Water discharge
    • as an observed value (qms/s)
    • as a layer (mm/day)
• Daily meteorological values
  • Maximum and minimum daily temperatures (°C) from ERA5 and ERA5-Land
  • Total precipitation (mm/day) from ERA5, ERA5-Land, IMERG v06, GPCP v3.2 and MSWEP
  • Different kind of evaporation (mm/day) corresponded to each variable calculated in GLEAM model
• Set of hydro-environmental characteristics derived from HydroATLAS database

Each variable derived from the grid data was calculated for each watershed, taking into account the intersection weights of the watershed contour geometry and grid cells.

Coordinates of hydrological stations were obtained from resource of Federal Agency for Water Resources of Russia Federation—AIS GMVO

To calculate the contours of the catchment areas, a script was developed that builds the contours in accordance with the rasters of flow directions from MERIT Hydro. To assess the quality of the contour construction, the obtained value of the catchment area was compared with the archival value from the corresponded table from AIS GMVO. The average error in determining the area for 2080 catchments is approximately 2%

To derive values for different hydro-environmental values from HydroATLAS were developed approach which calculate aggregated values for catchment, leaning on type of variable: qualitative (Land cover classes, Lithological classes etc.) Or quantitive (Air temperature, Snow cover extent etc.). Every quantitive variable were calculated as mode value for intersected sub-basins and target catchment, e.g. most popular attribute from sub-basins will describe whole catchment which are they relating. Quantitative values were calculated as mean value of attribute from each sub-basin. More detail could be found in publication.

Files are distributed as follows:

Each file has some connection with the unique identifier of the hydrological observation post. Files in netcdf format (hydrological and meteorological series) are named in response to identifier.

Every file which describe geometry (point, polygon, static attributes) has and column named gauge_id with same correspondence.

• attributes/static_data.csv – results from HydroATLAS aggregation
• geometry/russia_gauges.gpkg – coordinates of hydrological observation stations

  • 	gauge_id	name_ru	name_en	geometry
    0	49001	р. Ковда – пос. Софпорог	r.Kovda - pos. Sofporog	POINT (31.41892 65.79876)
    1	49014	р. Корпи-Йоки – пос. Пяозерский	r.Korpi-Joki - pos. Pjaozerskij	POINT (31.05794 65.77917)
    2	49017	р. Тумча – пос. Алакуртти	r.Tumcha - pos. Alakurtti	POINT (30.33082 66.95957)

• geometry/russia_ws.gpkg – catchments polygon for each hydrological observation stations

  • 	gauge_id	name_ru	name_en	new_area	ais_dif	geometry
    0	9002	р. Енисей – г. Кызыл	r.Enisej - g.Kyzyl	115263.989	0.230	POLYGON ((96.87792 53.72792, 96.87792 53.72708...
    1	9022	р. Енисей – пос. Никитино	r.Enisej - pos. Nikitino	184499.118	1.373	POLYGON ((96.87792 53.72708, 96.88042 53.72708...
    2	9053	р. Енисей – пос. Базаиха	r.Enisej - pos.Bazaiha	302690.417	0.897	POLYGON ((92.38292 56.11042, 92.38292 56.10958...

  • Column ais_diff is corresponded to % error in area definition
• nc_all_q
  • netcdf files for hydrological observation stations which has no missing values on discharge for 2008-2020 period
• nc_all_h
  • netcdf files for hydrological observation stations which has no missing values on level for 2008-2020 period
• nc_all_q_h
  • netcdf files for hydrological observation stations which has no missing values on discharge and level for 2008-2020 period
• nc_concat
  • data for all available geometry provided in dataset

More details on processing scripts which were used for development of this database can be found in folder of GitHub repository where I store results for my PhD dissertation

05.04.2023 – Significant data changes. Removed catchments and related files that have more than ±15% absolute error in calculated area relative to AIS GMVO information. Now these are data for 1886 catchments across the Russia.

17.05.2023 – Significant data changes. Major review of parsing algorithm for AIS GMVO data. Fixed the way of how 0.0xx values were read. Use previous versions with caution.

11.10.2023 – Significant data changes. Added 278 catchments for CIS region from GRDC resource. Calculate meteorological and environmental attributes for each catchment. New folder /nc_all_q_h with no missing observations on discharge and level. Now these are data for 2164 catchments across CIS.

The TIGER/Line shapefiles and related database files (.dbf) are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Database (MTDB). The MTDB represents a seamless national file with no overlaps or gaps between parts, however, each TIGER/Line shapefile is designed to stand alone as an independent data set, or they can be combined to cover the entire nation. Edge refers to the linear topological primitives that make up MTDB. The All Lines Shapefile contains linear features such as roads, railroads, and hydrography. Additional attribute data associated with the linear features found in the All Lines Shapefile are available in relationship (.dbf) files that users must download separately. The All Lines Shapefile contains the geometry and attributes of each topological primitive edge. Each edge has a unique TIGER/Line identifier (TLID) value.

The TIGER/Line shapefiles and related database files (.dbf) are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Database (MTDB). The MTDB represents a seamless national file with no overlaps or gaps between parts, however, each TIGER/Line shapefile is designed to stand alone as an independent data set, or they can be combined to cover the entire nation. The Address Ranges Feature Shapefile (ADDRFEAT.dbf) contains the geospatial edge geometry and attributes of all unsuppressed address ranges for a county or county equivalent area. The term "address range" refers to the collection of all possible structure numbers from the first structure number to the last structure number and all numbers of a specified parity in between along an edge side relative to the direction in which the edge is coded. Single-address address ranges have been suppressed to maintain the confidentiality of the addresses they describe. Multiple coincident address range feature edge records are represented in the shapefile if more than one left or right address ranges are associated to the edge. The ADDRFEAT shapefile contains a record for each address range to street name combination. Address range associated to more than one street name are also represented by multiple coincident address range feature edge records. Note that the ADDRFEAT shapefile includes all unsuppressed address ranges compared to the All Lines Shapefile (EDGES.shp) which only includes the most inclusive address range associated with each side of a street edge. The TIGER/Line shapefile contain potential address ranges, not individual addresses. The address ranges in the TIGER/Line Files are potential ranges that include the full range of possible structure numbers even though the actual structures may not exist.

Features used for the accuracy assessment.Note that polygon-geometry is stored as WKT.

The TIGER/Line shapefiles and related database files (.dbf) are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Database (MTDB). The MTDB represents a seamless national filewith no overlaps or gaps between parts, however, each TIGER/Line File is designed to stand alone as an independent dataset, or they can be combined to cover the entire nation. The Area Hydrography Shapefile contains the geometry and attributes of both perennial and intermittent area hydrography features, including ponds, lakes, oceans, swamps (up to the U.S. nautical three-mile limit), glaciers, and the area covered by large rivers, streams, and/or canals that are represented as double-line drainage. Single-line drainage water features can be found in the Linear Hydrography Shapefile (LINEARWATER.shp). Linear water features includes single-line drainage water features and artificial path features, where they exist, that run through double-line drainage features such as rivers, streams, and/or canals, and serve as a linear representation of these features.

The TIGER/Line Files are shapefiles and related database files (.dbf) that are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Database (MTDB). The MTDB represents a seamless national file with no overlaps or gaps between parts, however, each TIGER/Line File is designed to stand alone as an independent data set, or they can be combined to cover the entire nation. The Area Hydrography Shapefile contains the geometry and attributes of both perennial and intermittent area hydrography features, including ponds, lakes, oceans, swamps (up to the U.S. nautical three-mile limit), glaciers, and the area covered by large rivers, streams, and/or canals that are represented as double-line drainage. Single-line drainage water features can be found in the Linear Hydrography Shapefile (LINEARWATER.shp). Linear water features includes single-line drainage water features and artificial path features, where they exist, that run through double-line drainage features such as rivers, streams, and/or canals, and serve as a linear representation of these features.

The TIGER/Line shapefiles and related database files (.dbf) are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Database (MTDB). The MTDB represents a seamless national file with no overlaps or gaps between parts, however, each TIGER/Line shapefile is designed to stand alone as an independent data set, or they can be combined to cover the entire nation. The primary legal divisions of most states are termed counties. In Louisiana, these divisions are known as parishes. In Alaska, which has no counties, the equivalent entities are the organized boroughs, city and boroughs, municipalities, and for the unorganized area, census areas. The latter are delineated cooperatively for statistical purposes by the State of Alaska and the Census Bureau. In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and thus constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation. The District of Columbia and Guam have no primary divisions, and each area is considered an equivalent entity for purposes of data presentation. The Census Bureau treats the following entities as equivalents of counties for purposes of data presentation: Municipios in Puerto Rico, Districts and Islands in American Samoa, Municipalities in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and Islands in the U.S. Virgin Islands. The entire area of the United States, Puerto Rico, and the Island Areas is covered by counties or equivalent entities. The boundaries for counties and equivalent entities are as of January 1, 2017, primarily as reported through the Census Bureau's Boundary and Annexation Survey (BAS).

The TIGER/Line shapefiles and related database files (.dbf) are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Database (MTDB). The MTDB represents a seamless national file with no overlaps or gaps between parts, however, each TIGER/Line shapefile is designed to stand alone as an independent data set, or they can be combined to cover the entire nation. The Address Ranges Feature Shapefile (ADDRFEAT.dbf) contains the geospatial edge geometry and attributes of all unsuppressed address ranges for a county or county equivalent area. The term "address range" refers to the collection of all possible structure numbers from the first structure number to the last structure number and all numbers of a specified parity in between along an edge side relative to the direction in which the edge is coded. Single-address address ranges have been suppressed to maintain the confidentiality of the addresses they describe. Multiple coincident address range feature edge records are represented in the shapefile if more than one left or right address ranges are associated to the edge. The ADDRFEAT shapefile contains a record for each address range to street name combination. Address range associated to more than one street name are also represented by multiple coincident address range feature edge records. Note that the ADDRFEAT shapefile includes all unsuppressed address ranges compared to the All Lines Shapefile (EDGES.shp) which only includes the most inclusive address range associated with each side of a street edge. The TIGER/Line shapefile contain potential address ranges, not individual addresses. The address ranges in the TIGER/Line Files are potential ranges that include the full range of possible structure numbers even though the actual structures may not exist.

The TIGER/Line shapefiles and related database files (.dbf) are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Database (MTDB). The MTDB represents a seamless national file with no overlaps or gaps between parts, however, each TIGER/Line shapefile is designed to stand alone as an independent data set, or they can be combined to cover the entire nation. The Address Ranges Feature Shapefile (ADDRFEAT.dbf) contains the geospatial edge geometry and attributes of all unsuppressed address ranges for a county or county equivalent area. The term "address range" refers to the collection of all possible structure numbers from the first structure number to the last structure number and all numbers of a specified parity in between along an edge side relative to the direction in which the edge is coded. Single-address address ranges have been suppressed to maintain the confidentiality of the addresses they describe. Multiple coincident address range feature edge records are represented in the shapefile if more than one left or right address ranges are associated to the edge. The ADDRFEAT shapefile contains a record for each address range to street name combination. Address range associated to more than one street name are also represented by multiple coincident address range feature edge records. Note that the ADDRFEAT shapefile includes all unsuppressed address ranges compared to the All Lines Shapefile (EDGES.shp) which only includes the most inclusive address range associated with each side of a street edge. The TIGER/Line shapefile contain potential address ranges, not individual addresses. The address ranges in the TIGER/Line Files are potential ranges that include the full range of possible structure numbers even though the actual structures may not exist.

The TIGER/Line shapefiles and related database files (.dbf) are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Database (MTDB). The MTDB represents a seamless national filewith no overlaps or gaps between parts, however, each TIGER/Line File is designed to stand alone as an independent dataset, or they can be combined to cover the entire nation. The Area Hydrography Shapefile contains the geometry and attributes of both perennial and intermittent area hydrography features, including ponds, lakes, oceans, swamps (up to the U.S. nautical three-mile limit), glaciers, and the area covered by large rivers, streams, and/or canals that are represented as double-line drainage. Single-line drainage water features can be found in the Linear Hydrography Shapefile (LINEARWATER.shp). Linear water features includes single-line drainage water features and artificial path features, where they exist, that run through double-line drainage features such as rivers, streams, and/or canals, and serve as a linear representation of these features.