Business Confidence in Germany increased to 88.60 points in July from 88.40 points in June of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Germany Business Confidence - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Business confidence survey in Germany, July, 2025 The most recent value is -6.4 points as of July 2025, an increase compared to the previous value of -6.8 points. Historically, the average for Germany from January 2005 to July 2025 is 8.95 points. The minimum of -36.1 points was recorded in April 2020, while the maximum of 29.5 points was reached in January 2018. | TheGlobalEconomy.com

This statistic shows the business confidence index for the industrial sector in Germany from 2008 to 2017, with projections up until 2022. In 2017, the confidence index for the German industry had ranged at approximately 8.13 index points, indicating an increase in business confidence.

This statistic shows the business confidence index for the retail sector in Germany from 2008 to 2017, with projections up until 2022. In 2017, the confidence index for the German retail sector ranged at approximately **** index points, indicating a slight increase in business confidence.

This statistic shows the business confidence index for the service sector in Germany from 2008 to 2017, with projections up until 2022. In 2017, the confidence index for the German service industry ranged at approximately ***** index points, indicating a major increase in business confidence.

Consumer Confidence in Germany decreased to -21.50 points in August from -20.30 points in July of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Germany Consumer Confidence - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

ZEW Economic Sentiment Index in Germany increased to 52.70 points in July from 47.50 points in June of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Germany Zew Economic Sentiment Index - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

In 2024, the services sector's share in Germany's gross domestic product amounted edged over 70 percent, while the secondary and primary sectors generated less than a third of GDP together. At your service The tertiary, or services, sector encompasses all kinds of intangible goods, like consulting and advice, transport, or attention. If a country generates its GDP mostly via services, this is often through industries like housing, tourism (including accommodation and hospitality), financial services, or telecommunications. Germany is a popular tourist destination and an important financial hub. Germany is not a “service desert” The services sector in Germany not only generates most of the country’s GDP, it also employs the vast majority of the workforce with over 70 percent. Lately, business confidence in the German services sector has increased significantly, which suggests a stable economy and ideally an increase in production and output in the future. This projection is supported by rising GDP and a stable inflation rate at around two percent.

Before the pandemic, the Basic Chemical Manufacturing industry enjoyed a period of strong demand, particularly from Asia. Innovation in speciality chemicals and sustainability initiatives gained momentum, helping raise profitability. When the pandemic hit, supply chains were greatly disrupted while industrial output stumbled until socially distanced factory guidelines were adopted. As industrial output ramped up, manufacturers' revenue benefited from pent-up demand and government fiscal packages, leading to substantial infrastructure spending and stimulus. Russia's invasion of Ukraine added another spanner to works, though, with energy and feedstuff prices skyrocketing as a result of western countries' sanctions on Russian exports. Production costs escalated and business and consumer confidence was shot by rising living costs, denting demand throughout 2022 and 2023. Profitability has also been hit hard by soaring operational costs, which manufacturers have struggled to pass on to clients. Over the five years through 2024, revenue is forecast to fall at a compound annual rate of 5.3% to €217.5 billion, including a 4.8% contraction in 2024. Inflation concerns remain strong, although they are easing. Borrowing costs remain inflated, dissuading large investments in construction projects and cutting into sales of basic chemicals used in insulation and building plastics. Over the five years through 2029, basic chemical manufacturers' revenue is anticipated to grow at a compound annual rate of 2.7% to reach €248.1 billion. The long-term outlook of the industry is optimistic yet cautious. Growth depends on innovation in bio-based chemicals and circular economy solutions. Embracing digitalisation and automation will be key in lowering manual labour requirements and lifting productivity.

European car production is greatly affected by household income and consumer and business confidence levels, which dictates private and fleet sales at dealerships. The level of business confidence and expansion plans influence fleet sales and orders from road freight operators. Overall, car manufacturing revenue in Europe is forecast to rise at a compound annual rate of 2.3% over the five years through 2025 to €1.2 trillion, including growth of 0.8% in 2025. Squeezed household income has driven down dealership orders in recent years, weighing on output and revenue growth. Data from the European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association shows that car production shot up by 10.2%, in 2023 as it came out of a pandemic-induced low. Car makers have contended with semiconductor shortages, which altered and led to suspensions in production schedules between 2021 and 2023. The disruption and higher costs of car parts resulted in a 6.2% decline in production in 2024, as reported by the European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association, hitting profit. The fall in orders of diesel vehicles in most markets in favour of plug-in hybrids and pure electric vehicles contributed to a fall in output as the automotive sector transitions. In 2025, the industry faces the threat of tariffs imposed by the US and likely retaliatory tariffs from the EU, which will raise costs and reduce exports to the US, a crucial market for EU car makers. Revenue is forecast to expand at a compound annual rate of 4.4% over the five years through 2030 to €1.4 trillion. Environmental policies will drive car production further towards alternatively fuelled vehicles, significantly reducing petrol and diesel vehicle production, especially with an upcoming ban on the sale of new petrol and diesel vehicles across the EU from 2035. Some countries have gone even further - the Netherlands, the UK, Germany, France and Spain will ban selling new petrol and diesel vehicles from 2030. As a result, many EU producers have announced plans to only make hybrid and plug-in electric vehicles. Car makers will benefit from efforts by EU governments to reduce carbon emissions, leading to funding for chargepoints, which should drive up electric vehicle uptake.

Over the five years through 2024, IP leasing revenue is projected to fall at a compound annual rate of 4.5% to €29.7 billion. IP leasing demand has benefitted from increasing technological complexity in vehicles, software and pharmaceuticals. Tax incentives have also driven up IP leasing by reducing the R&D costs, thereby cutting the prices charged for leasing IP. Demand from the radio frequency spectrum leasing market has surged thanks to the rollout of 5G across the majority of European geographies. However, IP leasing demand slumped at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused business confidence and research and development spending to tumble. Revenue has since bounced back, though, and is slated to swell by 0.2% in 2024 as European businesses continue to realise the benefits of leasing IP rather than developing it themselves. Revenue is forecast to surge at a compound annual rate of 4.8% over the five years through 2029, reaching €37.7 billion. Rising research and development expenditure across Europe will boost the pool of registered designs, patents and trademarks available in the market, fuelling revenue growth. European business and consumer sentiment is projected to strengthen moving forward, supporting demand for IP leasing. The ongoing trend of technological manufacturers across Europe becoming fabless will also drive up the need for leasing IP.

Demand for construction supplies largely depends on activity in downstream residential and non-residential construction markets, which depend on factors like exchange rates, supply chain disruptions and trading frictions. Construction supplies and equipment wholesalers across Europe have contended with numerous headwinds from the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020 to spiralling inflation and rock-bottom business confidence. Industry revenue is forecast to tumble at a compound annual rate of 4.1% over the five years through 2024 to €701.5 billion, including an estimated 4.4% drop in 2024, while the average industry profit margin is expected to edge downward to 5%. In 2021, demand for construction materials and equipment plummeted as the COVID-19 outbreak brought the downstream construction sector to a standstill. Despite lockdown measures gradually phasing out through 2022, construction supply wholesalers faced severe cost pressures amid supply chain disruptions, squeezing the average industry profit margin. In 2023, bleak economic conditions in the form of rising interest rates and subdued growth have put off many businesses from undergoing investment projects, hitting demand for construction supplies and equipment. Construction Materials, Equipment & Supplies Wholesaling revenue is forecast to climb at a compound annual rate of 2.1% over the five years through 2029 to reach €780.2 billion, while the average industry profit margin is expected to reach 5.2%. Construction activity is expected to pick up over the coming years, inflation cools, and interest rates start to edge downwards despite lingering uncertainty in the short term as the effects of interest rate hikes and low business sentiment hit demand. Construction wholesalers will continue to focus on offering eco-friendly and sustainable construction materials in the coming years, supporting revenue growth.

The Computer and Peripheral Equipment Wholesaling industry is characterised by fierce competition, with wholesalers having to offer the latest technology if they want to survive. The industry has contended with numerous economic headwinds like slowing economic growth and rock-bottom confidence, hurting demand in recent years. While slow economic growth and low confidence recently curbed corporate IT spending, government investments in infrastructure and defence are now giving companies more reasons to update their tech. As things pick up, wholesalers should consider teaming up with major tech brands or software providers to get better deals and expand their offerings, moves that could really help drive sales in a more upbeat market. Revenue is expected to inch upward at a compound annual rate of 0.7% over the five years through 2025 to €457.2 billion, including an estimated growth of 1.4% in 2025, while the average industry profit margin is forecast to be 5.5%. Over the past decade, the trend of wholesale bypass has gathered momentum, with manufacturers looking to widen their profit margin and sell directly to end markets. This hit demand for computer and peripheral equipment wholesalers. Wholesalers have also contended with slowing downstream markets amid bleak economic conditions. However, wholesalers are trying to come up with new business models to sustain revenue and profit. More wholesalers are turning to subscription models, like cloud-based software, for more predictable revenue and easier cost management, especially for small businesses across Europe. While this shift makes budgeting simpler and helps companies avoid big upfront costs, it’s also putting pressure on profit margins for those still focused on selling physical equipment. Revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 5.6% over the five years through 2030 to €601.4 billion. In the short term, economic conditions are set to improve as inflationary pressures subside and central banks loosen monetary policy, supporting expenditure on computers and peripheral equipment. The growing importance of automation will also support demand for computers among businesses, which are required to handle the large quantities of data that AI generates.

ZEW Economic Sentiment Index In the Euro Area increased to 36.10 points in July from 35.30 points in June of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Euro Area Zew Economic Sentiment Index - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

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Foreign Exchange Market Size 2025-2029

The foreign exchange market size is forecast to increase by USD 582 billion, at a CAGR of 10.6% between 2024 and 2029.

The Foreign Exchange Market is segmented by type (reporting dealers, financial institutions, non-financial customers), trade finance instruments (currency swaps, outright forward and FX swaps, FX options), trading platforms (electronic trading, over-the-counter (OTC), mobile trading), and geography (North America: US, Canada; Europe: Germany, Switzerland, UK; Middle East and Africa: UAE; APAC: China, India, Japan; South America: Brazil; Rest of World). This segmentation reflects the market's global dynamics, driven by institutional trading, increasing digital adoption through electronic trading and mobile trading, and regional economic activities, with APAC markets like India and China showing significant growth alongside traditional hubs like the US and UK.
The market is experiencing significant shifts driven by the escalating trends of urbanization and digitalization. These forces are creating 24x7 trading opportunities, enabling greater accessibility and convenience for market participants. However, the market's dynamics are not without challenges. The uncertainty of future exchange rates poses a formidable obstacle for businesses and investors alike, necessitating robust risk management strategies. As urbanization continues to expand and digital technologies reshape the trading landscape, market players must adapt to remain competitive. One significant trend is the increasing use of money transfer agencies, venture capital investments, and mutual funds in foreign exchange transactions. Companies seeking to capitalize on these opportunities must navigate the challenges effectively, ensuring they stay abreast of exchange rate fluctuations and implement agile strategies to mitigate risk.
The ability to adapt and respond to these market shifts will be crucial for success in the evolving market.

What will be the Size of the Foreign Exchange Market during the forecast period?

Explore in-depth regional segment analysis with market size data - historical 2019-2023 and forecasts 2025-2029 - in the full report.
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In the dynamic and intricate realm of the market, entities such as algorithmic trading, order book, order management systems, and liquidity risk intertwine, shaping the ever-evolving market landscape. The market's continuous unfolding is characterized by the integration of various components, including sentiment analysis, Fibonacci retracement, mobile trading, and good-for-the-day orders. Market activities are influenced by factors like political stability, monetary policy, and market liquidity, which in turn impact economic growth and trade settlement. Technical analysis, with its focus on chart patterns and moving averages, plays a crucial role in informing trading decisions. The market's complexity is further amplified by the presence of entities like credit risk, counterparty risk, and operational risk.

Central bank intervention, order execution, clearing and settlement, and trade confirmation are essential components of the market's infrastructure, ensuring a seamless exchange of currencies. Geopolitical risk, currency correlation, and inflation rates contribute to currency volatility, necessitating hedging strategies and risk management. Market risk, interest rate differentials, and commodity currencies influence trading strategies, while cross-border payments and brokerage services facilitate international trade. The ongoing evolution of the market is marked by the emergence of advanced trading platforms, automated trading, and real-time data feeds, enabling traders to make informed decisions in an increasingly interconnected and complex global economy.

How is this Foreign Exchange Industry segmented?

The foreign exchange industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Type

  Reporting dealers
  Financial institutions
  Non-financial customers


Trade Finance Instruments

  Currency swaps
  Outright forward and FX swaps
  FX options


Trading Platforms

  Electronic Trading
  Over-the-Counter (OTC)
  Mobile Trading


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    Germany
    Switzerland
    UK


  Middle East and Africa

    UAE


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan


  South America

    Brazil


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Type Insights

The reporting dealers segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

The market is a dynamic and complex ecosystem where various entities interplay to manage currency risks and facilitate international trade. Reporting dealers, as key participants,

In 2024, Poland had an inflation rate of 3.72 percent compared to the previous year. Inflation is the rate at which the average price level of selected goods and services in an economy increases over a period of time, and therefore indicates a loss in purchasing power of the local currency. Poland’s economy in the fast lane Poland’s low inflation rate encourages fiscal responsibility on the part of the consumers and coupled with a strong growth in gross domestic product (GDP), the country’s economy is one of the fastest growing in the EU. Over 56 percent of Poland’s GDP comes from its services sector, which had an increase in its business confidence index over the last few years - another indicator of an economy on the rise. Poland and Germany in the EU Poland’s biggest import and export partner is its neighbor, Germany. Both countries are influential members of the European Union, a political and economic institution with about 16 percent of the worldwide GDP. They are both among the ten most populous countries of the EU, together claiming over a 100 million of the 512 million inhabitants in the EU.

Since 2020, turnover in the carpentry and joinery sector has been declining on average. At the beginning of the last five-year period, historically low interest rates favoured positive development in the construction industry, which was also boosted by rising average incomes and the influx of people to the country's urban centres. However, since the significant increase in the European base rate, which peaked at 4.5% in September 2023, there has been a continuous decline in construction activity. This has had a negative impact on the number of orders placed by carpenters and fitters, who primarily work as subcontractors for larger construction companies. Turnover fell at an average annual growth rate of 1% between 2020 and 2025. A total turnover of 18.4 billion euros is forecast for 2025, which corresponds to a decline of 1.9% compared to the previous year.Carpentry and joinery is expected to suffer from low consumer confidence and poor business conditions this year. Falling consumer confidence can have the effect that private individuals and companies are less willing to make major investments in the purchase of new furnishings or hire professional help. In June 2024, the base rate was lowered again for the first time since it was increased in 2022 to make construction loans more affordable and encourage investment in new builds and renovations. This trend is likely to continue in 2025. Low key interest rates and the federal subsidy for energy-efficient buildings should lead to a slight improvement in the order situation in future.Turnover in the joinery and locksmiths sector is expected to develop positively again over the next five years due to the reduction in the key interest rate and the revival in demand from the construction sector. An average annual growth rate of 4.8% per year and a total turnover of 23.4 billion euros in 2030 are expected. The shopfitting sector, among others, is considered a growth market. In addition, sales in the finishing trade are likely to grow due to the increased integration of online and offline retail and the high demand for storage systems. Profit margins, which have slumped since 2023 due to intense price competition, are likely to increase again in the coming years as construction activity increases. Nevertheless, competition between the players is likely to remain intense.

Regardless of their operational focus, almost all industry players have recorded consistent sales growth since 2019, albeit with high costs that are reflected in a negative profit margin. The coronavirus pandemic in particular helped the industry to increase confidence, as consumers refrained from making cash payments for hygiene reasons and increasingly used electronic means of payment instead. Industry turnover has risen by an average of 11.7% annually since 2019 and is expected to amount to 1.9 billion euros in the current year.In the current year, industry players operating in the financing product segment continue to benefit from the high base rate, as traditional financing options at credit institutions, savings banks and cooperative banks are associated with high interest rates for consumers. At the same time, growth in the asset management product segment is likely to be lower than during the period of low interest rates, as many consumers prefer the combination of high interest rates and personal advice on site, are sceptical about technological innovations and, with rising interest rates on traditional savings products, are more likely to use the services of their main bank than the products and services of fintechs with slightly higher interest rates on average, but without the personal component. At 2.5%, industry turnover is likely to grow less strongly this year than last year.For the period from 2024 to 2029, IBISWorld forecasts an average increase in turnover of 7.9% per year to 2.8 billion euros. In addition to the degree of digitalisation, the future development of the industry is primarily dependent on the development of the business climate, as companies form the most important customer market. Demographic change is likely to slow down sales growth, as many older people lack the technical affinity for dealing with online payment and financing methods. Internationalisation and the expansion of business activities to the European domestic market offer opportunities for growth.

In recent years, the shoe retail sector has been faced with strong competition from online-only retailers. Extensive and very early price reductions as well as the extremely high availability of goods from online pure players have limited the retail sector's sales potential. Against this backdrop, sector sales have fallen by an average of 2% per year since 2019. The decline in sales was particularly sharp in 2020 and 2021 due to the coronavirus pandemic. Many consumers were reluctant to buy shoes. Others switched to online retail and stayed there. Rising rent and energy prices have also significantly reduced the profit margins of industry players over the past five years and, in the worst case, forced industry players to close stores. In the current year, slight growth of 0.5 % to 10.1 billion euros is expected. This is primarily due to consumers' increasing willingness to spend and the effective cost savings made by sector players.High rental and ancillary costs remain a major challenge for the sector and are having a negative impact on the profit margins of industry players. An increase in monthly household income, on the other hand, benefits sales of shoes and leather goods, as this also increases the willingness to spend. Retailers are also required to respond to the growing environmental awareness of consumers. Environmentally conscious people wear their shoes for longer and buy second-hand goods more often, which can lead to a drop in sales. However, they are also prepared to pay more for high-quality and environmentally friendly shoes, which in turn harbours sales potential.Over the next five years, IBISWorld expects industry turnover to increase by an average of 0.9% annually, reaching 10.6 billion euros in 2029. This forecast is based on the expected fall in inflation and the improved business climate, which will have a positive impact on consumer confidence. However, the increasing competitive pressure from online retail is likely to continue to limit growth in the retail sector. Pure online retail with players such as Zalando and About You is likely to continue to put pressure on the sector. It can be assumed that larger industry players with high brand awareness and their own online shops will prevail, while smaller shoe and leather goods retailers will lose competitiveness and increasingly exit the market.