Prices for Germany Stock Market Index (DE40) including live quotes, historical charts and news. Germany Stock Market Index (DE40) was last updated by Trading Economics this December 2 of 2025.

Graph and download economic data for NASDAQ Germany Small Cap NTR Index (NASDAQNQDESCN) from 2001-03-30 to 2025-11-07 about small cap, market cap, NASDAQ, Germany, and indexes.

At the end of February 2025, the DAX index reached ********* points, marking its highest level since January 2015. Moreover, this also reflected a strong recovery from the global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, having risen from ******** points at the end of March 2020 and surpassing its pre-pandemic level of approximately ********* points at the end of December 2019. Origin and composition of the DAX Index The DAX (Deutscher Aktienindex) is the most important German stock index, showing the value trends of the 40 largest companies by market capitalization listed on the Frankfurt stock exchange. The DAX index was introduced on July 1, 1988 and is a continuation of the Börsen-Zeitung Index, established in 1959. The count among their number some of the most recognizable companies in the world, such as carmakers Volkswagen and Daimler, sportswear brand adidas, and industrial giants Siemens and BASF. After the DAX, the 50 next-largest German companies are included in the midcap MDAX index, while the 70 next-largest small and medium-sized German companies (ranked from 91 to 160) are included in the SDAX index. The Frankfurt Stock Exchange All the companies included in the DAX family of indices are traded on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. Dating back to 1585, the Frankfurt Stock Exchange is considered to be the oldest exchange in the world. It is the twelfth largest stock exchange in the world in terms of market capitalization, and accounts for around ** percent of all equity trading in Germany. Two main trading venues comprise the Frankfurt Stock Exchange: the Börse Frankfurt is a traditional trading floor; while the Xetra is an electronic trading system which accounts for the vast majority of trading volume on Frankfurt Stock Exchange. As of December 2023, the total market capitalization of all companies listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange was around *** trillion euros.

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Germany IT Market Size 2025-2029

The Germany IT market size is forecast to increase by USD 33.3 billion at a CAGR of 4.2% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is experiencing significant growth, driven by the increasing adoption of IT solutions among Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). This trend is fueled by the recognition of the benefits that IT solutions bring to business operations, including improved efficiency and competitiveness. Additionally, larger enterprises in Germany are embracing Big Data solutions to gain insights from their data and make informed business decisions, enabling better decision-making and business intelligence. However, the market faces a notable challenge: the shortage of skilled IT professionals. This talent crunch poses a significant obstacle for businesses looking to implement new IT projects and innovations. To capitalize on the opportunities presented by the growing IT market and navigate the challenges effectively, companies should consider strategies such as investing in training and development programs for their existing workforce, collaborating with educational institutions, and exploring partnerships with IT service providers.
By taking a proactive approach to addressing the talent shortage, businesses can ensure they have the necessary resources to drive growth and stay competitive in the dynamic IT landscape of Germany.

What will be the size of the Germany IT Market during the forecast period?

Explore in-depth regional segment analysis with market size data - historical 2019-2023 and forecasts 2025-2029 - in the full report.
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In the dynamic IT market of Germany, collaboration tools and digital workplaces are increasingly shaping the business landscape. Companies are investing in data visualization solutions to gain insights from complex data sets. Cybersecurity awareness is at an all-time high, with a focus on data breach response and ransomware protection. Multi-cloud strategies are prevalent, requiring robust IT risk management and compliance audits. Remote work is the new norm, necessitating advanced video conferencing and phishing prevention. Data warehousing and data integration are crucial for effective data governance and mining.
Business continuity planning and incident response are essential components of IT strategy. Predictive analytics, edge computing, and serverless computing are emerging trends. Low-code and no-code platforms are simplifying IT development, while hybrid cloud solutions offer flexibility and cost savings. IT leaders must navigate these trends and ensure data quality and security in an ever-evolving digital world.

How is this market segmented?

The market research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

End-user

  Manufacturing
  Government
  BFSI
  ICT
  Others


Application

  Large enterprise
  SMEs


Geography

  Europe

    Germany

By End-user Insights

The manufacturing segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

In the dynamic German IT market, various entities play crucial roles in driving innovation and transformation across industries. IT governance, knowledge management, and project management ensure effective implementation of technology solutions. Technical support and network administration maintain the infrastructure's health, while managed services and cloud computing offer flexible and scalable options. The Internet of Things (IoT) and data security are significant concerns, with application security and endpoint security safeguarding digital assets. Business continuity planning and disaster recovery prepare organizations for potential disruptions. Red teaming and threat intelligence identify vulnerabilities, and penetration testing and vulnerability management mitigate risks.

Cloud automation, software development, and data analytics fuel innovation, while IT compliance and data loss prevention maintain regulatory adherence. Machine learning and artificial intelligence automation streamline processes, and infrastructure automation optimizes operations. IT outsourcing, agile methodologies, and infrastructure automation enable businesses to focus on core competencies. Security administration, asset management, and capacity planning ensure IT environments run efficiently. Performance monitoring, budgeting, and problem management maintain optimal IT performance. In the manufacturing sector, IT is transforming traditional factories into smart digital ones, with automated procurement, manufacturing, and distribution processes. This digital transformation enhances productivity, flexibility, and quality. The German market's evolving patterns reflect a focus on innovation, security, and efficiency.

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Graph and download economic data for NASDAQ Germany Mid Cap TR Index (NASDAQNQDEMCT) from 2001-03-30 to 2025-11-07 about mid cap, market cap, NASDAQ, Germany, and indexes.

Graph and download economic data for NASDAQ Germany Financials Large Mid Cap NTR Index (NASDAQNQDE30LMN) from 2001-03-30 to 2025-11-14 about mid cap, market cap, NASDAQ, large, Germany, financial, and indexes.

Germany Stock Symbols & Company Metadata

This dataset contains stock symbols and basic company metadata for all listed companies in Germany.It is updated weekly if new changes are there.

  📊 Dataset Contents

The dataset is provided as a CSV file with the following columns:

Column Description

name Full company name

ticker Stock ticker symbol (e.g., AAPL, MSFT)

market The exchange/market where the stock is listed

sector The primary business sector of the… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/ThunderDrag/Germany-Stock-Symbols-and-Metadata.

Demand for the services of industry players is heavily dependent on the printing and publishing sector. The decline in the volume of print orders over the past few years has therefore also had a negative impact on demand for the services of industry players. In the period from 2019 to 2024, turnover in the industry fell by an average of 3.7% per year. In 2020, the coronavirus crisis had a particularly negative impact on the printing industry and other important customer markets, and therefore also on sales in the print and media prepress sector. Although the industry's customer markets have already largely recovered from the consequences of the pandemic, industry turnover is expected to fall by 2.7% to 964.6 million euros in the current year.Due to advancing digitalisation and the resulting increase in the use of digital media, the demand for print products has been declining for several years now. As a result, both print shops and publishers are increasingly carrying out pre-press services in-house instead of outsourcing them to print and media prepress companies. Due to the development of ever better and easier-to-use desktop publishing applications, it is also becoming increasingly easy for other customers of industry players to carry out their own image and text processing. If the content produced is only published digitally, it is only necessary to commission specialised service providers for particularly high-quality products. In the period from 2024 to 2029, industry revenue in the print and media prepress sector is expected to fall by an average of 2.9% per year to 830.6 million euros. Digitalisation has gained significant momentum as a result of the pandemic and is likely to continue to progress rapidly in the coming years. This development is likely to contribute to a further decline in the volume of print products in the future, which should also have a negative impact on demand for the services of print and media prepress companies. Due to the intense competition within the industry and the fact that more and more potential customers of industry players are preparing their products for printing themselves with the help of appropriate software, the number of companies active in the industry is also likely to continue to decline in the future.

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Germany Metal Fabrication Equipment Market Size 2024-2028

The Germany metal fabrication equipment market size is forecast to increase by USD 37.6 million at a CAGR of 4.5% between 2023 and 2028.

The market is experiencing significant growth due to expanding industries such as aviation and automobile sectors. These industries' increasing demand for advanced manufacturing solutions is driving market growth. Furthermore, technological innovations, including automation and digitalization, are revolutionizing metal fabrication processes, making them more efficient and cost-effective. However, the market faces challenges such as the shortage of skilled workers, which may hinder market growth. To address this issue, industry players are investing in training programs and collaborating with educational institutions to develop a skilled workforce. Overall, the German metal fabrication equipment market is poised for growth, fueled by industry expansion and technological advancements.

What will be the size of the Germany Metal Fabrication Equipment Market during the forecast period?

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The metal fabrication industry in Germany is a significant contributor to the country's manufacturing operations, particularly in sectors such as aerospace & defense and construction. The market for fabrication equipment in Germany is strong, driven by the demand for customized metal processing solutions. Key product categories include metal cutting equipment, such as sawing machines, shears, laser cutters, plasma cutters, and water jet cutters, as well as welding equipment and automation solutions, including robotics. Trends In the German metal fabrication equipment market include the adoption of sustainable and energy-efficient equipment, as well as the integration of IoT technology for improved productivity and efficiency.
Moreover, machining processes, including machining, cutting, and forming, are undergoing digital transformation, with the use of advanced tools and technologies like CNC machines, press brakes, roll forming machines, and automated systems. The market is expected to continue its growth trajectory, driven by increasing demand for high-precision and customized fabrication solutions.

How is this market segmented and which is the largest segment?

The market research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2024-2028, as well as historical data from 2018-2022 for the following segments.

Type

  Machining
  Cutting
  Welding
  Others


End-user

  Automotive
  Aerospace
  Construction
  Others


Geography

  Germany

By Type Insights

The machining segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

Metal fabrication involves the use of machine tools to remove material, primarily metal, to achieve a desired shape and size. This process, known as machining, encompasses various controlled material-removal techniques such as turning, drilling, and milling. Other miscellaneous operations include shaping, planning, broaching, and sawing. In the German market, there is a growing demand for lightweight and durable components, driving the adoption of advanced metal fabrication equipment. Automation, robotics, sustainable, and energy-efficient equipment are also gaining popularity due to their productivity and cost benefits. Digital technologies, including IoT, data analytics, cloud computing, and cutting-edge software solutions, are transforming the industry by enabling personalized production and real-time monitoring of manufacturing processes. Key trends include the integration of digital technologies, increasing use of automation and robotics, and the production of complex parts with high precision and surface quality.

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The machining segment was valued at USD 45.00 million in 2018 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Market Dynamics

Our researchers analyzed the data with 2023 as the base year, along with the key drivers, trends, and challenges. A holistic analysis of drivers will help companies refine their marketing strategies to gain a competitive advantage.

What are the key market drivers leading to the rise in adoption of Germany Metal Fabrication Equipment Market?

Expansion of aviation and automobile sectors is the key driver of the market.

The market is witnessing significant growth due to the thriving Machining and Metal Processing industries. Manufacturing operations in sectors such as Aerospace & Defense, Automotive Applications, and Construction rely heavily on Fabrication Equipment for Precision Bending, Shaping, Joining, Assembling, and Finishing of high-quality components. Germany's advanced manufacturing sector is known for its expertise in producing Lightweight and Durable components using Sustaina

Graph and download economic data for NASDAQ Germany Small Cap TR Index (NASDAQNQDESCT) from 2001-03-30 to 2025-11-07 about small cap, market cap, NASDAQ, Germany, and indexes.

In 2024, the German pre-coated aggregates market decreased by -2.6% to $1.3B for the first time since 2021, thus ending a two-year rising trend. The market value increased at an average annual rate of +2.9% over the period from 2012 to 2024; the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded in certain years. Pre-coated aggregates consumption peaked at $1.3B in 2023, and then shrank slightly in the following year.

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Germany Pharmaceuticals Market Size 2024-2028

The Germany pharmaceuticals market size is forecast to increase by USD 24.9 billion at a CAGR of 6.79% between 2023 and 2028.

The market exhibits strong growth due to significant investments in the industry and the burgeoning expansion of e-commerce. These factors contribute to the market's upward trajectory. Additionally, pricing and reimbursement policies play a crucial role in market growth. Germany's commitment to research and development, coupled with its advanced healthcare system, positions it as a key player in the global pharmaceutical industry. Simultaneously, the market's future looks promising, with continued investment in innovative technologies and a focus on patient-centric care. Overall, these trends present both opportunities and challenges for market participants, requiring strategic planning and adaptability to remain competitive.

What will be the size of the market during the forecast period?

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The market plays a significant role in the healthcare sector, providing essential drugs for medical and healthcare purposes. This market encompasses various types of pharmaceutical drugs, including biologics, vaccines, and traditional medicines. The demand for these drugs continues to grow due to the increasing prevalence of common diseases and the aging population's longer lifespans. Vaccines have gained prominence in recent times, particularly in the context of viruses. Pharmaceutical companies are investing heavily in research and development to create effective vaccines for various viruses. These vaccines are crucial in preventing the spread of diseases and ensuring public health. The market caters to diverse segments, such as hospital pharmacies, drug stores, and online pharmacies. In addition, if pharmaceutical companies are anticipating difficulties in pricing negotiations, which could prevent patients from benefiting from the potentially life-saving treatment of chronic diseases like cancer and cardiovascular disease, they may be reluctant to make their products available on Germany's market.
Simultaneously, skilled workers with specialized skills are in high demand to manage the complexities of this industry. The benefits of pharmaceutical drugs extend beyond individuals, positively impacting society as a whole. Patients' characteristics, including genetic composition, influence the need for precision treatments. The market is dynamic, with constant advancements in technology and research leading to new treatments and therapies. The market's growth is driven by the increasing demand for healthcare services and the aging population's growing needs.

How is this market segmented and which is the largest segment?

The market research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2024-2028, as well as historical data from 2018-2022 for the following segments.

Distribution Channel

  Pharmacy
  Clinic


Type

  Prescription
  Non-prescription


Geography

  Germany

By Distribution Channel Insights

The pharmacy segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

The German pharmaceuticals market is dominated by the pharmacy segment, which held the largest market share in 2023. In Germany, pharmacies serve as the primary distribution channels for both prescription and over-the-counter medications. Under the Pharmacy Monopoly system, only licensed pharmacies are authorized to sell these drugs, ensuring their quality, safety, and availability to the public. Pharmacies in Germany are typically owned and operated by licensed pharmacists and include various types such as public, hospital, and mail-order pharmacies. Beyond dispensing medications, these establishments offer services like prescription counseling, patient consultations, medication management, and health-related advice.

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The pharmacy segment was valued at USD 42.90 billion in 2018 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Market Dynamics

Our researchers analyzed the data with 2023 as the base year, along with the key drivers, trends, and challenges. A holistic analysis of drivers will help companies refine their marketing strategies to gain a competitive advantage.

What are the key market drivers leading to the rise in the adoption of Germany pharmaceuticals Market?

High investment in the pharmaceutical industry is the key driver of the market.

The market is a significant contributor to the global healthcare sector, driven by the country's advanced healthcare system, skilled workforce, and specialized skills in areas such as biopharmaceuticals and nanotechnology. Germany is home to numerous research organizations and medical equipment manufacturers, making it an attractive destination for

Discover the booming German used car market! This in-depth analysis reveals key trends, growth drivers, and market segmentation from 2019-2033, including insights into major players like AUTO1 and mobile.de. Explore the impact of electric vehicles and online sales on this lucrative industry. Recent developments include: In February 2022, Driverama Germany GmbH began selling used cars online in Germany a year after launching a car buying service in the country. Driverama's new service allows buyers to compare popular models, makes, prices, and financing options across more than 1,000 fully inspected cars with an average age of four years. Each vehicle comes with a full-service history, an ownership report, and a professional clean.. Notable trends are: Gasoline and Diesel Vehicle are Expected to Hold the Significant Market Share.

The Germany Gypsum Board Market size is expected to reach $5.1 Billion by 2030, rising at a market growth of 8.1% CAGR during the forecast period. In the year 2022, the market attained a volume of 2339.7 Million Units, experiencing a growth of 7.3% (2019-2022). The gypsum board market in Germany h

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Germany Automotive Engine Oil Market Size 2024-2028

The Germany automotive engine oil market size is forecast to increase by USD 1.07 billion at a CAGR of 5.44% between 2023 and 2028.

The market is experiencing significant growth due to several key factors. The increasing adoption of specialty lubricants, which offer enhanced engine performance and fuel efficiency, is driving market expansion. Moreover, advances in engine oil technology continue to shape the market, with innovations in low-viscosity oils and synthetic blends gaining popularity. These innovations include the use of advanced antioxidants, surfactants, high-pressure agents, and corrosion inhibitors. Another significant market trend is the impact of fluctuating crude oil prices on the demand for engine oils. Despite these challenges, the market is expected to grow steadily due to the increasing demand for fuel-efficient vehicles and stringent emission norms. Overall, the German automotive engine oil market is poised for growth In the coming years, driven by these key trends and challenges.

What will be the size of the Germany Automotive Engine Oil Market during the forecast period?

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The German automotive engine oil market is a significant segment of the global lubricants industry, characterized by growth and innovation. With the rise of electric vehicles, the market is shifting towards sustainable lubricants, including those derived from renewable sources. The focus on fuel efficiency optimization and engine protection remains paramount, driving demand for high-performance lubricants. Synthetic lubricants continue to dominate the market due to their superior performance and ability to prevent engine damage. Market consolidation and brand awareness are key trends, as larger players seek to expand their customer base and enhance their offerings through marketing and innovation. Regulations, such as those related to engine oil viscosity and emissions, play a crucial role in shaping market dynamics. Lubricant additives, technology advancements, and oil analysis services are also critical areas of research and development to meet evolving customer needs and expectations.
The future of lubricants in the automotive industry is shaped by electric vehicle lubricants, with a growing focus on lubricant performance, technology advancements, and environmental impact. Lubricant distribution is evolving alongside global market trends, with research emphasizing innovation and lubricant recycling. Challenges include maintaining customer loyalty, managing pricing, and navigating regulations. Effective lubricant selection guides, engine maintenance tips, and oil viscosity guides help optimize engine performance, extend engine life, and reduce wear. Marketing strategies and brand awareness are key to expanding business in this competitive market.

How is this market segmented and which is the largest segment?

The market research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2024-2028, as well as historical data from 2018-2022 for the following segments.

Grade Type

  Mineral
  Semi synthetic
  Fully synthetic


Type

  Diesel
  Petrol
  Alternative fuels


Application

  Passenger vehicles
  Commercial vehicles


Geography

  Germany

By Grade Type Insights

The mineral segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

Mineral-grade engine oils are generally more affordable than synthetic oils. This makes them an attractive option for vehicle owners who prioritize cost savings without compromising on basic protection and performance. Additionally, mineral grade provides effective lubrication to engine components, helping to reduce friction and wear. This helps extend the life of engine parts such as pistons, cylinders, and bearings, leading to improved engine longevity and reliability. Furthermore, mineral grades typically have good cold-flow properties, enabling them to flow more easily at low temperatures. This improves cold-start performance, reduces engine wear during startup, and enhances overall engine reliability, especially in colder climates in Germany. Mineral oils often contain additives that help condition and rejuvenate engine seals, preventing leaks and maintaining seal integrity. This can help reduce oil consumption and extend the service life of engine seals, saving vehicle owners money on repairs and maintenance. Thus, such factors will boost the expansion of the mineral segment of the automotive engine oil market in Germany during the forecast period.

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The mineral segment was valued at USD 1.22 billion in 2018 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Market Dynamics

Our researchers analyzed the data with 2023 as the base year, along with

In 2023, approx. 78K tons of pre-coated aggregates were exported from Germany; shrinking by -30.6% against 2022 figures.

Graph and download economic data for NASDAQ Germany Large Cap NTR Index (NASDAQNQDELCN) from 2001-03-30 to 2025-11-11 about large cap, market cap, NASDAQ, large, Germany, and indexes.

Snapshot img

Germany Department Stores Market Size 2025-2029

The department stores market in Germany size is forecast to increase by USD 1.96 billion at a CAGR of 4% between 2024 and 2029.

The department store market is experiencing significant growth due to several key factors. Rapid urbanization and the resulting rise in consumer spending are major drivers for this market. Additionally, the increasing demand for private-label brands is providing a competitive edge to department stores. These retailers cater to shoppers seeking convenience and variety, providing a one-stop solution for apparel and accessories, FMCG, hardline, and softline items, among others. However, the market is also facing challenges such as the slowdown in sales in retail stores. To adapt to this changing market landscape, department stores are focusing on enhancing the shopping experience through technology integration and personalized services. This approach is expected to help them regain market share and maintain growth. Overall, the department store market is poised for steady growth In the coming years.

What will be the Germany Department Stores Market Size During the Forecast Period?

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The department stores market encompasses a diverse range of retail establishments offering a vast assortment of goods under one roof. Department stores typically feature clothing stores, food courts, and home goods sections, creating an interactive shopping experience. Transportation advancements have streamlined accessibility, enabling consumers to visit these retail organizations more easily. Management structures continue to evolve, with a focus on control and efficiency. Automated payments and e-commerce platforms have become essential components of department store operations, catering to evolving consumer preferences. Retail sales In the department stores market are influenced by purchasing power, discounted rates, and the latest fashion trends.
Moreover, men's wear and women's wear sections remain popular, with accessories and household furnishings contributing significantly to overall sales. The market is characterized by a dynamic and competitive landscape, with retailers continually seeking to differentiate themselves through innovative offerings and strategic partnerships. In summary, the department stores market represents a dynamic and evolving retail sector, characterized by a diverse product range, technological innovation, and a focus on enhancing the shopping experience for consumers.

How is this market segmented and which is the largest segment?

The market research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Product

  Consumer electronics and electricals
  Home furniture and furnishings
  Cosmetic and fragrance
  Others


Type

  Up-scale department stores
  Mid-range department stores
  Discount stores


Geography

  Germany

By Product Insights

The consumer electronics and electricals segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

Department stores serve as major retail hubs for a wide array of consumer goods, encompassing clothing stores, food courts, and a mix of hardline and softline products. These goods range from apparel and accessories to furniture, electronics, and consumer packaged goods. Department stores have adopted various strategies to cater to evolving consumer preferences and shopping trends. For instance, they offer discounted rates and private-label brands to compete with e-commerce platforms. Management structures have evolved, incorporating automated payments and AI technologies, such as biometrics, to enhance the shopping experience. The retail landscape is witnessing significant changes, with lifestyle shifts and increasing purchasing power influencing consumer behavior.

Moreover, brands and designer labels continue to dominate the market, while fashion trends and sustainable packaging are gaining traction. Retailers face operational challenges, including rising costs and the need for convenience. Brick-and-mortar retailers are adapting, launching online retailing initiatives and collaborating with brands to offer unique shopping experiences. Consumers with varying education levels and standards of living seek value and quality In their purchases. Shopping malls remain popular destinations, providing a blend of retail, dining, and entertainment options. The retail organization continues to evolve, with a focus on innovation, premium packaging, and sustainable practices.

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Market Dynamics

Our Germany Department Stores Market researchers analyzed the data with 2024 as the base year, along with the key drivers, trends, and challenges. A hol

The focus of the study of Mark Spoerer is on an estimation of tax revenues before the first world war in Germany resulting from ‘production and import’ (before the revision of the “System of National accounts “(SNA): indirect taxes). Based on the SNA revised in 1993 this study initially constructs an allocation of different types of taxes to the category ‘production and import taxes’ in the late 19th and the early 20th century. On the basis of the classification of different types of taxes after SNA-definition for ‘production and import taxes’ comparative statistical sources for the year 1913 will be identified that can be connected with values for 1913 from a survey of the statistical office of the German Empire made in 1930. In the empirical part of the study tax revenues on ‘production and import taxes’ for the period from 1901 to 1913 of the Empire and the states and production taxes of municipalities for the six largest federal states (Prussia, Bavaria, Sachsen,Württemberg, Baden and Alsace-Lorraine) will be identified. In a concluding table tax revenues from ‘production and import taxes’ for entire Germany will be summarized. “A reconstruction of German pre-World War I economic aggregates by the incomes received approach, and possibly by the output approach as well, would lead to a problem with that already W. G. Hoffmann had to cope with. Depending on the measurement concept, the resulting aggregate series are either expressed in factor cost or in market prices. If measured accurately, the difference is ‘taxes on production and on imports´ - what used to be called ´indirect taxes´ before the 1993 revision of the System of National Accounts (SNA) - minus subsidies. For neither series do we have reliable data before 1925. An estimate of production and import taxes minus subsidies would allow to compare aggregates derived from either the factor cost or the market prices concept. Aggregates in terms of factor cost should anyway be transformed to market prices which is regarded as the more meaningful concept nowadays.Thus the focus of this article is to estimate German taxes on production and on imports minus subsidies before World War I. As will be illustrated below, this is an extremely laborious task which will lead us in the depths of early 20th century fiscal statistics which were recorded independently on all three levels of the German ‘Gebietskörperschaften’ (governmental units) - Reich, 26 ‘Länder’ (states) and some 65,000 ‘Kommunen’ (municipalities). For reasons having to do with the data available, the period under consideration is confined to 1901-13.The next section gives a brief overview of the national accounting framework with a focus on the theoretical definition and the historical identification of production and import taxes. In the third section, the production and import tax revenues of the Reich, the ‘Länder’ and the ‘Kommunen’ are gathered from contemporary statistical sources. For the ‘Kommunen’, for which aggregate figures do not exist, we will look at those of the largest six ‘Länder’ in detail (Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony, Württemberg, Baden and Alsace-Lorraine). The last section summarizes the results and puts them in a larger context” (Spoerer, a. cit., p. 162). Data tables in HISTAT:A.01 Tax revenues of the German Empire for the year 1913: Comparison of sources: Gerloff - Stat. Reichsamt (1913-1913)A.02 Production and tax revenue, Empire and States, in million Mark (1901-1913)A.03 Prussia: Municipal tax revenues, in million Mark (1895-1913)A.04 Bavaria: Municipal tax revenues, in million Mark (1900-1913)A.05 Sachsen: Municipal tax revenues, in million Mark (1899-1913)A.06 Württemberg: Municipal tax revenues, in million Mark (1901-1913)A.07 Baden: Municipal tax revenues, in million Mark (1901-1913)A.08 Alsace-Lorraine: Municipal tax revenues, in million Mark (1899-1913)A.09 Germany: Production taxes and import taxes, in million Mark (1901-1913)

Production of Pre-Coated Aggregates in Germany - 2025. Find the latest marketing data on the IndexBox platform.