The economy was seen as the most important issue facing Germany as of March 21, 2025, selected by 27 percent of people as a problem that month. Immigration and integration was seen by 26 percent of people in Germany as a major issue, and was the second most-common response in the most recent survey. Germany's economic struggles Once the economic powerhouse of Europe, the Germany economy has been struggling for several years, and even shrank in 2023 and 2024. In part, this is due to external factors, such as the War in Ukraine putting an end to Germany's supply of cheap Russian gas, and a more protectionist global trade environment harming Germany's export-driven businesses. On the other hand, there has been a chronic lack of investment in the country, in part due to fiscal restraints built into the German constitution. Collapse of the traffic light coalition The issue of removing these fiscal restraints, in particular the "debt-brake", was the eventual reason that brought down the government of Olaf Scholz in late 2024. In power since the 2021 election, Scholz's government consisted of three political parties, Scholz's own SPD, the German Greens, and the pro-businesses FDP. The contradictions inherent in a three-party coalition eventually rose to the surface in late 2024, when the FDP leadership split with the government over economic policy, causing the collapse of the government. All three parties saw their vote share decline considerably, in the subsequent election in February 2025, with the FDP unable to clear the five percent threshold required to win seats in parliament.

In a 2024 survey on the most pressing issues in German politics, around 26 percent of respondents named immigration and dealing with refugees as one of the most relevant issues, that German society and politics were facing at the moment. Around 21 percent of people said it was the war in Ukraine and relations with Russia, making it the second most pressing issue, followed by the economy in third place.

This statistic presents the most important issues facing women and girls in Germany as of 2019. According to data published by Ipsos, the most important issues faced by women and girls in Germany was equal pay, with 32 percent of respondents claiming that it was the most important issue. This was followed by sexual harassment, with 17 percent of respondents stating that it was their second biggest worry.

Judgement on the presence of American troops in West Germany.

Topics: Most important problems of the FRG; attitude to participation of the FRG in the costs of stationing NATO military forces and to American troops remaining in the FRG; attitude to a reduction in American military forces; general judgement on the American soldiers; perceived changes in the relationship of American soldiers to the German civilian population; criticism of the way of life of American soldiers; frequency of contact with American soldiers after the war; attitude to construction of housing settlements for the families living in Germany; perception of the Americans as occupying forces or protective forces; attitude to children of members of the occupying forces and their mothers; judgement on the confiscation of buildings by Americans; residency; participation in the world war and deployment in battle against the Americans.

Demography: membership in clubs, trade unions or a party und offices taken on there; party preference; age (classified); sex; marital status; religious denomination; school education; occupation; employment; household income; head of household; state;

Interviewer rating: social class and willingness of respondent to cooperate; number of contact attempts; city size.

Also encoded was: identification of interviewer; sex of interviewer and age of interviewer.

The study on Germany´s role in the world was conducted by dimap on behalf of the Press and Information Office of the Federal Government. During the survey period from 15.04.2024 to 26.04.2024, the population aged 16 and over in Germany was asked in telephone interviews (CATI) how they assess Germany´s influence in the world, how they perceive other countries (in particular the USA, China and Russia) and what they think about issues of defense and arms deliveries. Respondents were selected using a multi-stage random sample including landline and mobile phone numbers (dual-frame sample).

The findings are supplemented by results from qualitative group discussions that GIM conducted on these topics on behalf of the BPA. The report on the results of this qualitative study is available in the archive, but not the corresponding data.
1. Germany in the world - today and in the future: Interest in foreign policy; informed about foreign policy; foreign policy topics. on which information is specifically sought (on the war in Ukraine, the Middle East conflict in Israel and Gaza, the presidential elections in the USA in November 2024, the European Parliament elections in June 2024); opinion on Germany´s influence in the world; increase or decrease in Germany´s influence in the world in the last ten years; improvement or deterioration in Germany´s reputation in the world in the last twelve months; Germany´s behavior in asserting its own interests vis-à-vis other countries; Germany must pay particular attention to serious human rights violations in other countries vs. should exercise restraint and not interfere (split with reference to Germany´s National Socialist past); assessment of the German government´s involvement in relation to global problems; assessment of the German government´s involvement specifically in relation to the war in Ukraine and the Middle East conflict in Israel and Gaza; preferences regarding the German government´s involvement in the Middle East conflict (should it be more committed to the interests of Israel or the Palestinian civilian population, should it be equally committed to both or neither); assessment of Israel´s military response to Hamas´ terrorist attacks as appropriate, too far-reaching or not far-reaching enough.

1. Germany´s relationship with various countries: Assessment of relations between Germany and various countries (UK, France, USA, Russia and China); perception of the respective states USA, Russia and China as trustworthy or not trustworthy, economically strong or economically weak, militarily strong or militarily weak, threatening or not threatening; USA as a reliable partner with regard to Germany´s security; Germany´s over-dependence on the USA, Russia and China; opinion on the future expansion of cooperation with the emerging economies India, Brazil and South Africa; Germany should continue, expand or reduce economic cooperation with China to the current extent; agreement with the statement: For me, when dealing with China, representing Germany´s economic interests is more important than standing up for human rights on the ground.

2. instruments for foreign policy tasks: Supporting or rejecting the reintroduction of compulsory military service; supporting or rejecting general compulsory service for young men and women in the Bundeswehr or in the social sector; increasing or decreasing spending on the Bundeswehr and defense; arms deliveries by the German government to Ukraine are right vs. wrong; opinion on arms exports from Germany (to all countries and regions without restriction, to crisis regions only if German interests are affected, not at all to crisis regions, only to Germany´s allies, there should generally be no arms exports from Germany); sense of security in Germany; opinion on NATO´s obligation to stand by NATO; NATO will continue to be needed in the future; Europeans should build their own defense alliance vs. Europeans should use NATO; assessment of various foreign policy instruments as helpful in asserting Germany´s own interests in foreign policy (diplomatic negotiations, development cooperation, Bundeswehr deployments, economic sanctions, arms deliveries and arms exports, international trade agreements, international cooperation in education, science and research as well as international law agreements).

Demography: sex; age (grouped); federal state; Berlin West or East; city size; highest level of education; party preference.

Additionally coded: Respondent ID; weighting factor.

Welcome to the German Chain of Thought prompt-response dataset, a meticulously curated collection containing 3000 comprehensive prompt and response pairs. This dataset is an invaluable resource for training Language Models (LMs) to generate well-reasoned answers and minimize inaccuracies. Its primary utility lies in enhancing LLMs' reasoning skills for solving arithmetic, common sense, symbolic reasoning, and complex problems. Dataset Content: This COT dataset comprises a diverse set of instructions and questions paired with corresponding answers and rationales in the German language. These prompts and completions cover a broad range of topics and questions, including mathematical concepts, common sense reasoning, complex problem-solving, scientific inquiries, puzzles, and more. Each prompt is meticulously accompanied by a response and rationale, providing essential information and insights to enhance the language model training process. These prompts, completions, and rationales were manually curated by native German people, drawing references from various sources, including open-source datasets, news articles, websites, and other reliable references. Our chain-of-thought prompt-completion dataset includes various prompt types, such as instructional prompts, continuations, and in-context learning (zero-shot, few-shot) prompts. Additionally, the dataset contains prompts and completions enriched with various forms of rich text, such as lists, tables, code snippets, JSON, and more, with proper markdown format. Prompt Diversity: To ensure a wide-ranging dataset, we have included prompts from a plethora of topics related to mathematics, common sense reasoning, and symbolic reasoning. These topics encompass arithmetic, percentages, ratios, geometry, analogies, spatial reasoning, temporal reasoning, logic puzzles, patterns, and sequences, among others. These prompts vary in complexity, spanning easy, medium, and hard levels. Various question types are included, such as multiple-choice, direct queries, and true/false assessments. Response Formats: To accommodate diverse learning experiences, our dataset incorporates different types of answers depending on the prompt and provides step-by-step rationales. The detailed rationale aids the language model in building reasoning process for complex questions. These responses encompass text strings, numerical values, and date and time formats, enhancing the language model's ability to generate reliable, coherent, and contextually appropriate answers. Data Format and Annotation Details: This fully labeled German Chain of Thought Prompt Completion Dataset is available in JSON and CSV formats. It includes annotation details such as a unique ID, prompt, prompt type, prompt complexity, prompt category, domain, response, rationale, response type, and rich text presence. Quality and Accuracy: Our dataset upholds the highest standards of quality and accuracy. Each prompt undergoes meticulous validation, and the corresponding responses and rationales are thoroughly verified. We prioritize inclusivity, ensuring that the dataset incorporates prompts and completions representing diverse perspectives and writing styles, maintaining an unbiased and discrimination-free stance. The German version is grammatically accurate without any spelling or grammatical errors. No copyrighted, toxic, or harmful content is used during the construction of this dataset. Continuous Updates and Customization: The entire dataset was prepared with the assistance of human curators from the FutureBeeAI crowd community. Ongoing efforts are made to add more assets to this dataset, ensuring its growth and relevance. Additionally, FutureBeeAI offers the ability to gather custom chain of thought prompt completion data tailored to specific needs, providing flexibility and customization options. License: The dataset, created by FutureBeeAI, is now available for commercial use. Researchers, data scientists, and developers can leverage this fully labeled and ready-to-deploy German Chain of Thought Prompt Completion Dataset to enhance the rationale and accurate response generation capabilities of their generative AI models and explore new approaches to NLP tasks.

Judgement on the condition of the Republic of Germany and the role in the world. Progress in unification. Topics: most important problems in the country; party preference (Sunday question); problem-solving ability of the politicians; understanding of democracy in the sense of willingness to compromise, strong political leadership and restriction of democratic processes to the area of politics; speculation about future existence of a democracy in Germany and integration of Germany in an all-encompassing European state; assessment of the functioning of the political system in the country; the socially-oriented market economy having proven itself; jeopardy to democracy through unemployment; expected development in the next 10 years regarding unemployment, social expenditures, government indebtedness, the position of the country in international competition, military conflicts, inflation; considering GDR past and National Socialism finished; trust in public institutions, organizations, constitutional organs, media and selected associations; knowledge about the term "Berlin Republic"; expected effects of the government's moving to Berlin; current and earlier attitude to unification of the two German states; expected political changes from the government's moving to Berlin; judgement on the correctness of the decision to move; expected economic and cultural influences of the move on other German cities; image of Berlin tarnishd as capitol of old Reich; characterization of East Germans as well as West Germans (scale); expected time to achievement of equivalent standard of living in Eastern and Western Germany; justified dissatisfaction of East Germans with the adjustment of living conditions; adequate effort of the Federal Government for achievement of equivalent living conditions; joy about overcoming the division; most important problems of unification solved; identity as West German, East German or German; trip to the new or old states since the fall of the wall; attitude to an increased effort to solve conflict in the world; arrogant German foreign policies since reunification; increasing importance of decisions in Brussels or in Berlin; preference for independence or integration in the European Union; claim of Germany to a leading role in Europe in the areas of security policy and finance policy; expected increase in significance of Western or Eastern Europe; assessment of the popularity of the Germans with their European neighbors; judgement on the economic development of Eastern Germany and Western German after the war; preparedness for the challenges of the future. Demography: age; marital status; school education; occupational training; occupational status; employment; household size and number of persons 18 years old and older; sex; state; city size.

Attitude of East Germans to current political questions. Topics: satisfaction with the work of the Adenauer government; agreement with military missions of West Germany to defend Europe; knowledge about a planned Four-Power conference; probability of an agreement on German reunification at the Four-Power conference; desired reaction of the western powers after a possible failure of the Four-Power conference; attitude of the USA to German reunification; desired delegation of the GDR at negotiations on reunification; freely elected delegation of the GDR under all circumstances; agreement with use of force to achieve German reunification; party preferred in Federal Parliament elections in West Germany; party preferred in all-German elections; reasons for party preference CDU or SPD. Demography: occupation; education; sex; age; state; city size.

According to data published by IPSOS, 44 percent of respondents in Germany thought that global warming or climate change was one of the top three environmental issues facing their country, the most of any category. By contrast, only four percent of respondents believe soil erosion to be a top three environmental issue.

Comparisons with other countries In the same survey, respondents from different countries had different opinions on the most pressing environmental issues. In Great Britain, 40 percent of respondents thought that dealing with waste was the most important issue, while in Turkey the most important issue was seen to be deforestation. Causes of climate change While climate change was the most important issue in Germany, two percent of Germans in 2018 thought that climate change did not exist, with a further two percent believing it to be an entirely natural process. A far higher percentage thought that climate change was mainly due to human activity, with 12 percent advising it was entirely caused by it.

Graph and download economic data for Orders: Construction: Permits Issued: Dwellings and Residential Buildings for Germany (DEUODCNPI03GPSAM) from Feb 1994 to Dec 2024 about issues, Germany, permits, buildings, residential, and construction.

This data collection is part of an omnibus study on German political attitudes and behavior, with a focus on the 1994 German Federal Parliament election. It consists of two pre-election investigations (GERMAN ELECTION STUDY, 1994: PRE-ELECTION STUDY [POLICY AND PARTY PREFERENCE] [ICPSR 2861] and GERMAN ELECTION STUDY, 1994: PRE-ELECTION STUDY [TREND INVESTIGATIONS] [ICPSR 2862]), the Politbarometer East (GERMAN ELECTION STUDY, 1994 [POLITBAROMETER EAST] [ICPSR 2842]), this study, and a post-election study (GERMAN ELECTION STUDY, 1994: POST-ELECTION [ICPSR 2860]). This study is a cumulative file of monthly Politbarometer West surveys for 1994. Interviews were conducted with German citizens living in areas that were part of the former West Germany. Questions focused on a wide range of political issues, including respondents' opinions of German political parties and politicians, both before and after the German Federal Parliamentary election of 1994. The following list of topics covered in this dataset was derived from the summary appearing on the website of the Zentralarchiv fuer Empirische Sozialforschung an der Universitaet zu Koeln (English translation), at http://www.za.uni-koeln.de/ . (1) A few topics were covered in all monthly surveys: assessment of the most important political problems confronting the German Federal Republic. - respondent's party preference, inclination, and identification. - choices made at the polls in the last Federal Parliamentary election. - sympathy scale for the parties and selected politicians. - self-assessment on a left-right political continuum. - fear of loss of the respondent's own job or the jobs of others. - respondent's current union membership. - respondent's religious beliefs and practices. (2) Other topics were covered in at least one monthly survey: - preference for voting by absentee ballot versus voting in the polling station. - certainty and time of personal vote decision. - attitude toward a one-party government of CDU/CSU (Christlich Demokratischen Union Deutschlands or Democratic Christian Party/Christlich Soziale Union in Bayern or Bavarian Social Christian Union) or SPD (Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands or Social Democratic Party). - satisfaction with the results of the Federal Parliamentary election. - coalition preference. - attitude toward a statement of willingness by the SPD to form a coalition. - attitude toward a red-green minority government with toleration by the PDS (Partei des Demokratischen Sozialismus or Democratic Socialist Party). - preference for one-party government, and party preference. - assessment of the chances of the SPD with Gerhard Schroeder as party candidate for chancellor, as well as the chances of the CDU without Chancellor Helmut Kohl. - sympathy scale for the present coalition and for the opposition. - assessment of who the most important politicians were in Germany at the time. - comparison of Rudolf Scharping and Kohl regarding credibility, energy, sense of responsibility, social attitude, honesty, winner type, representation of interests regarding other nations, strength of leadership, and better government team, as well as ability in economic areas. - satisfaction with democracy in Germany. - necessity for new parties. - respondent's interest in politics. - opinion on the general condition of German society and comparison with other Western European countries. - opinion of socialism as an idea. - assessment of the reunification of Germany. - assessment of the economic situation in western Germany and the respondent's own economic situation. - expectation of Germany's further economic development. - expectation of Germany's economic recovery. - ability of the government versus the opposition to solve economic problems in eastern Germany, as well as in western Germany. - importance of which party governs in relation to the respondent's own economic situation. - credibility of the election promises of the parties regarding tax reductions. - ability of a federal government led by the CDU/CSU, in comparison to one led by the SPD, to protect jobs, fight crime, protect the environment, improve the housing market, and solve the asylum problem. - whether people living in eastern Germany were justified in their dissatisfaction with their living conditions. - whether the federal government had achieved equivalent living conditions between the regions, and, if conditions were not equal, whether the respondent had an expected time period for the achievement of equality. - preference for wage increases versus job security. - expectation of the retention of the high wage level in Germany, with short working hours and long vacations. - satisfaction with the year's wage negotiations. - opinion of dual citizenship. - opinion of reduced entry wages for the long-term unemployed. - attitude toward the creation of more part-time jobs. - personal preference for full-time or part-time work. - interest in permanent part-time work. - preferred government economic measures. - opinion of the "large bugging operation" to combat organized crime. - opinion of nursing care insurance, and identification of the political party that hindered a consensus on that issue. - support for the elimination of a work holiday in order to finance nursing care insurance. - coming to terms with the former DDR's STASI (Ministry for State Security or secret police). - satisfaction with the performance by the government. - comparison of the SPD to a red-green coalition as a better government. - significance of the decisions of the Municipal Council, State Parliament, and Federal Parliament, as well as the EC (European Community) Parliament. - intention to participate in, and party preference for, the European election. - advantages of EC membership for Germany. - extent to which the respondent feels adequately informed about the EC. - interest in European policies. - attitude toward an increased role for the European Parliament. - opinion on the prohibition of the Republican Party. - preferred successor to Federal President Weizsaecker. - judgment on the testimony of Prime Minister Stolpe before the investigating committee, and on demands for Stolpe's resignation. - attitude toward the recommendation of the SPD for a supplemental tax as an alternative to the solidarity tax. - amount of income that is considered to be a high income. - opinion as to a time limit on the solidarity tax. - perceived threat from Russia, as well as from Russian politician Vladimir Zhirinovsky. - opinion as to whether the threat of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) air strikes would lead to a cease-fire in Bosnia and Herzegovina. - attitude toward Germany's participation in a NATO peace initiative. - attitude toward the deployment of German Armed Forces in blue-helmet missions. - attitude toward United Nations (UN) military missions, given violation of the security zones. - whether Serbs, Moslems, and Croats were equally guilty in the war in Bosnia. - attitude toward a deployment of Tornados of the German Armed Forces in Bosnia. - attitude toward missions of the German Armed Forces outside of NATO territory. - desire for stronger intervention by the UN in Bosnia. - attitude toward the deportation of Kurds guilty of criminal offenses. - attitude toward a greater foreign policy responsibility for Germany, as well as for the EU. - predictions as to the winners of the upcoming Federal Parliament elections. - assumed coalition preference of the SPD. - credibility of the renewal of the PDS. - desirability and chances of the PDS, FDP (Freie Demokratische Partei or Liberal Democratic Party), and Greens to be elected to the Federal Parliament. - judgment on the 5-Percent Clause, and attitude toward the exception for direct mandates in the 5-Percent Clause. - expected chances of the CDU/CSU for a one-party government. - coalition preference for Mecklenburg-West Pomerania. - attitude toward cooperation of the other political parties with the PDS. - expected stability of the CDU/CSU-FDP coalition due to the narrow majority of ten seats. - perception of the FDP as an appendage of the CDU/CSU. - attitude toward a coalition of the Greens with the CDU. - attitude toward ministers who are also party chairmen holding offices. - attitude toward quota arrangements in politics. - support for the subsidy for coal and for an energy tax. - most important tasks that the government faced. - preference for fee financing of the ARD (First German Television Network) and the ZDF (Second German Television Network) versus financing through advertising income. - preference for freeway tolls versus a gasoline tax. - fear of abuse of electronic freeway-measuring equipment. - attitude toward elimination of the church tax. - opinion on the controlled administering of drugs under medical supervision. - attitude toward elimination of the child allowance above a certain income. - attitude toward longer business hours one evening a week. - preference for a more market-oriented economy or for more social security. - respondents' origins and, if they moved to western Germany, when they did so. - opinions on the previous year and expectations for the future. Also encoded in every survey wave were day of survey and administrative district. (Source: downloaded from ICPSR 7/13/10)

Graph and download economic data for Net Issues of International Debt Securities for Issuers in Non-Financial Corporations (Corporate Issuers), All Maturities, Residence of Issuer in Germany (IDSNFAMRINIDE) from Q1 1972 to Q4 2024 about issues, Germany, nonfinancial, maturity, debt, residents, securities, corporate, and Net.

The study deals with the changes in the regional structure of Germany’s foreign trade as well as with the causes of these changes between 1880 and 1938. In this context the regional development of german import and export by continents, regions and counties for the major German tradepartners is described. After that the regional development of the trade flows of all major import- and exportproducts is analysed. The German foreign trade therefore is examined on the basis of the goods on the one hand and on the other on the basis of the countries.

For the analysis the researcher collected the data (time series) for the important goods and commodity groups. Further more he developed a consistent definition of the commodity groups, so that they are comparable.

Mehtodology

a) Definition and Problem: The following processes hab been defined as structural change: - fundamental shifts in the composition of foreign trade partners, as well as - meaningful and sustained change of direction or volume of important commodities and products that affect the trade with countries or regions.

b) Temporal Delimination: Period of investigation is from 1880 to 1938. The statistics for the war years 1914-1918 and 1939 and for the post-war years 1919-1924 have not been included in the analysis because values were not covered or values are very incomplete or unreliable coused by inflation and other circumstances of that period.

c) Changes of Territory: The data of the German trade statistics refer from 1880 to February 1906 to the German custom territory, which comprised since 1872 the territory of the German Customs Union, consisting of the 26 states, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and the Austrian municipalities Jungholz and Mittelberg. The free port areas of Hamburg, Bremerhaven, Geestermünde and Helgoland and parts of the municipality of Hamburg and Cuxhaven did not belong to the German custum territory. Since March 1906 the german trade statistics collected data of the foreign merchandise traffic of the entire German economic area, consists until the Versailler contract of the area of the German Empire including the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and the Austrian municipalities Jungholz and Mittelberg, excluding Helgoland and the badenese Custum boards. Since 1920 the official trade statistics reports the values of the foreign trade for the German Empire in its new borders. That is to say, the regions of Alsace-Lorraine, the Free City of Danzig, and parts of the Prussian provinces of East Prussia, West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia, Posen, Schleswig-Holstein, the Rhine province, the territory of Luxembourg and for the years 1919 to 1935, the Saarland no longer belong to the German economic territory. The expansion of the German Empire territory between 1938 and 1939 by the annexation of Austria, Sudetenland, Bohemia, Moravia, and the Memel territory has been kept out of consideration.

For the analysis of the German foreign trade the values of german imports and exports published by the Statistical Office of the German Empire has been used. While comparing the pre-1914 values with values after the first World War, it is important to reconsider the lost of major agricultural areas of East-Germany, which restricts the comparison and it’s explanatory power or validity. On the other hand these changes reveals the changes of Germany’s foreign trade structure. Thus, it becomes obvious how the separation of large agricultural and farming land increased Germany’s import dependency in the food sector as well as Germany’s decreased export opportunities of agricultural products.

d) System of commodity groups: The problem of published German trade values of the Official Statistics of the German Empire is, that commodity groups are not defined in terms of their content. Insofar as the information is about single goods (eg.: rye, copper, cotton, etc.), the values are reliable. This is not the case as soon as the information is about commodity groups, such as ‘food’, ‘textiles’, ‘metal goods’, etc., because the structure of the aggregation of specific goods to a commodity group has changed six times over the period of investigation. The list of countries in the german foreign trade statistics has changed as well. Therfore, the author had to revised commodity groups and country lists for the purpose of its analysis and to make them comparable.

The author developed the following scheme in order to sort countries into groups or regions:

• Europe: Denmarc, Norway, Sweden, Finnland = North Europe Netherlands, Belgium/Luxembuorg, Great Britain, France, Swizerland = West Europe Jugoslawia, Hungary, Rumania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greek, european and asiatic Turkey = South-East Europe Portugal, Spane, Italy = South Europe Poland, Tschechoslowakia, Russia, Baltic States = East Europ Austria-Hungary

• America: Canada, United States of America = North-America Mexico, Costarica, Duba, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras,...

National identity and political attitudes in the process of German-German unification. Topics: Fulfillment of expectations of currency, economic and social union and the unification contract; national identity; personal role in the German-German unification process; understanding of native country; ties to state; interest in politics; stand on unification of Europe and reasons for this; necessity of a new constitution; changes since German unification regarding democratic participation, occupational development possibilities, satisfaction of material needs, participation in cultural life, health precautions; assessment of the standard of living; preferred group for solution of social problems; occupation with problems such as unemployment, disarmament, the war in Yugoslavia; formation of the common European market, growing crime, occupational new orientation, growing thoughtlessness, environmental pollution, rent increase, hunger and poverty in the underdeveloped countries; future development of Germany; prospects for the future; trust in the socially-oriented market economy, politicians, democracy and principle of rule by law, parties and organizations, trade unions, friends, family and in one's own person; judgement on the history of the GDR; future dealing with the history of the GDR; place of residence; state. Nationale Identität und politische Einstellungen im Prozeß der deutsch-deutschen Vereinigung. Themen: Erfüllung der Erwartungen an die Währungs-, Wirtschafts- und Sozialunion und an den Einigungsvertrag; nationale Identität; eigene Rolle im deutsch-deutschen Einigungsprozeß; Verständnis von Vaterland; Verbundenheit mit dem Bundesland; Politikinteresse; Haltung zur Vereinigung Europas und Gründe dafür; Notwendigkeit einer neuen Verfassung; Veränderungen seit der deutschen Vereinigung hinsichtlich der demokratischen Mitwirkung, beruflichen Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten, Befriedigung materieller Bedürfnisse, Teilnahme am kulturellen Leben, Gesundheitsvorsorge; Einschätzung des Lebensstandards; präferierte Gruppe zur Lösung der gesellschaftlichen Probleme; Beschäftigung mit Probleme wie Arbeitslosigkeit, Abrüstung, Jugoslawienkrieg; Bildung des gemeinsamen europäischen Marktes, wachsende Kriminalität, berufliche Neuorientierung, wachsende Rücksichtslosigkeit, Umweltverschmutzung, Mieterhöhung, Hunger und Armut in den unterentwickelten Ländern; zukünftige Entwicklung Deutschlands; Zukunftsaussichten; Vertrauen in die soziale Marktwirtschaft, Politiker, Demokratie und Rechtsstaatlichkeit, Parteien und Organisationen, Gewerkschaften, Freunde, Familie und in die eigene Person; Beurteilung der DDR-Geschichte; zukünftiger Umgang mit der DDR-Geschichte; Wohnort; Bundesland. Simple random selection Einfache Zufallsauswahl und erneute Befragung der seit 1990 einbezogenen Probanden, die ihre Teilnahmebereitschaft erklärt hatten.

This statistic shows the results of a survey on the number of people in Germany who had high body weight problems from 2019 to 2023 . In 2023, there were 11.52 million people among the German-speaking population aged 14 and older who counted themselves as having body weight problems. The Allensbach Market and Advertising Media Analysis (Allensbacher Markt- und Werbeträgeranalyse or AWA in German) determines attitudes, consumer habits and media usage of the population in Germany on a broad statistical basis.

In 2024, around 15 percent of respondents agreed with the statement that foreigners only came to Germany to take advantage of the welfare state. This statistic shows the results of a survey on agreement with xenophobic statements in Germany. Xenophobic statements This is a still sensitive topic for Germans, framed both by historic events and current ones, such as the influx of migrants and refugees arriving in Germany during recent years, following the overall refugee crisis in Europe. The survey shows skeptical or even negative views about Germany’s future in connection with immigrants. Numbers have fluctuated in the last decade, though since 2014, they have been generally on the rise. Bigger issues Concerns about xenophobia among the German population are closely linked to subsequent concerns about the spread of right-wing populism and nationalism, or acts of politically motivated crime. These issues worry not only Germany, both in terms of the population and the government, but other European countries as well.

Graph and download economic data for Cash Capital Raised Through Issues of Stocks by Corporations for Germany (Q1024ADEQ421NNBR) from Q1 1907 to Q4 1919 about cash, issues, equity, Germany, capital, and corporate.

The study deals with the changes in the regional structure of Germany’s foreign trade as well as with the causes of these changes between 1880 and 1938. In this context the regional development of german import and export by continents, regions and counties for the major German tradepartners is described. After that the regional development of the trade flows of all major import- and exportproducts is analysed. The German foreign trade therefore is examined on the basis of the goods on the one hand and on the other on the basis of the countries.

For the analysis the researcher collected the data (time series) for the important goods and commodity groups. Further more he developed a consistent definition of the commodity groups, so that they are comparable.

Mehtodology

a) Definition and Problem: The following processes hab been defined as structural change: - fundamental shifts in the composition of foreign trade partners, as well as - meaningful and sustained change of direction or volume of important commodities and products that affect the trade with countries or regions.

b) Temporal Delimination: Period of investigation is from 1880 to 1938. The statistics for the war years 1914-1918 and 1939 and for the post-war years 1919-1924 have not been included in the analysis because values were not covered or values are very incomplete or unreliable coused by inflation and other circumstances of that period.

c) Changes of Territory: The data of the German trade statistics refer from 1880 to February 1906 to the German custom territory, which comprised since 1872 the territory of the German Customs Union, consisting of the 26 states, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and the Austrian municipalities Jungholz and Mittelberg. The free port areas of Hamburg, Bremerhaven, Geestermünde and Helgoland and parts of the municipality of Hamburg and Cuxhaven did not belong to the German custum territory. Since March 1906 the german trade statistics collected data of the foreign merchandise traffic of the entire German economic area, consists until the Versailler contract of the area of the German Empire including the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and the Austrian municipalities Jungholz and Mittelberg, excluding Helgoland and the badenese Custum boards. Since 1920 the official trade statistics reports the values of the foreign trade for the German Empire in its new borders. That is to say, the regions of Alsace-Lorraine, the Free City of Danzig, and parts of the Prussian provinces of East Prussia, West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia, Posen, Schleswig-Holstein, the Rhine province, the territory of Luxembourg and for the years 1919 to 1935, the Saarland no longer belong to the German economic territory. The expansion of the German Empire territory between 1938 and 1939 by the annexation of Austria, Sudetenland, Bohemia, Moravia, and the Memel territory has been kept out of consideration.

For the analysis of the German foreign trade the values of german imports and exports published by the Statistical Office of the German Empire has been used. While comparing the pre-1914 values with values after the first World War, it is important to reconsider the lost of major agricultural areas of East-Germany, which restricts the comparison and it’s explanatory power or validity. On the other hand these changes reveals the changes of Germany’s foreign trade structure. Thus, it becomes obvious how the separation of large agricultural and farming land increased Germany’s import dependency in the food sector as well as Germany’s decreased export opportunities of agricultural products.

d) System of commodity groups: The problem of published German trade values of the Official Statistics of the German Empire is, that commodity groups are not defined in terms of their content. Insofar as the information is about single goods (eg.: rye, copper, cotton, etc.), the values are reliable. This is not the case as soon as the information is about commodity groups, such as ‘food’, ‘textiles’, ‘metal goods’, etc., because the structure of the aggregation of specific goods to a commodity group has changed six times over the period of investigation. The list of countries in the german foreign trade statistics has changed as well. Therfore, the author had to revised commodity groups and country lists for the purpose of its analysis and to make them comparable.

The author developed the following scheme in order to sort countries into groups or reg...

Representative survey on factual knowledge about politics in Germany (2009): political structures, institutions, functions, parties and politicians, issues in Germany and the EU.

I. German respondents: Topics: German citizenship; further citizenship; opinion on the idea of democracy; satisfaction with democracy; satisfaction with the achievements of the federal government of the CDU / CSU and the achievements of the opposition; solidarity with Germany and its citizens; satisfaction with the EU membership of Germany; repetition of recollected words read by the interviewer; knowledge 10% discount to 1000 euros; interest in politics; frequency of political talks in the circle of friends; opinion on politics (great knowledge about politics, willingness to take an active role in political group, politician does not care what simple people think, parties try to represent voters interests, elections as a good way to take part in political decision-making, political institutions in the FRG offer too little possibilities of political influence, regularly informing about political proceedings, leaving politics to elected representatives, politics very important, politics not important in one´s life - 3 fixed rotation variants of the items); quiz questions about politics (rotation of the question for all random questions): federal constitution (all power emanates from the people); task of the Federal Council; age for admission as a candidate for the Bundestag; number of care categories of the long-term care insurance; group represented by trade unions in Germany; elections for EU citizens living in Germany without German citizenship; current expenditure of federal budget; unemployment rate in Germany; share of the working women in the labor market; dynamic retirement; amount of foreigners in Germany; the percentage of the gross domestic product used for development aid; aim of the Adenauer government with regard to the Hallstatt doctrine; number of EU member countries; the Bologna process; regulations of the Copenhagen criteria; the European Anti-Discrimination Directive; party affiliation of selected top politicians; beginning of the German national anthem.

Political participation; left-right self-assessment; opinion on various political issues (extending the municipal electoral law for non-EU foreigners, extending the duration of German nuclear power plants, removing social services and strengthening the participation of citizens, full EU-membership of Turkey); presumed position of the parties CDU / CSU, SPD, FDP, Bündnis90 / Die Grünen and Die Linke to the above-mentioned topics; reception frequency of political news on television per week; reception frequency of political articles in weekly or monthly journals (e.g. der Spiegel); reception frequency of political magazines on television (e.g. Monitor); membership in a professional association, a trade union, a party, a non-governmental organization (e.g. Greenpeace) or an association (e.g. sports club); function in this organization; party inclination; party preference (Sunday question).

Demographics: month of birth; year of birth; highest school graduation; desired school graduation (pupils only); employment; current activity if not employed; previous employment; current vocational training; current or previous occupational position; specification workers, employees, civil servants; religious community; marital status; living with a partner; household size; persons affected by unemployment in the household; self-assessment of social stratum; respondents from 18 years of age: social stratum of the parents, the frequency of political talks in the family circle and with peers in the childhood and adolescents (respondents aged 14-17 years: currently); frequency of political topics in school lessons; party who opposed the proposal to abolish policy lessons at schools; (only main study: opinion on the proposed abolition of policy lessons at schools, party that has proposed the abolition); net household income (open and categorized); gender; German citizenship since birth; youth in West Germany, East Germany or in another country; year of migration to the territory of today´s Germany.

Additionally coded was: sentence or pagination number; federal state; BIK-type of municipality; date of interview; duration of the interview in minutes; data version (pretest, main survey); weighting factor; sex and age of the interviewer.

II. Turkish respondents: (Differing questions or questions only asked in the Turkish study)

Topics: birth in Germany or immigrated from Turkey; parents or grandparents immigrated to Germany; age when immigrated to Germany; permanently resident in Germany or resident in Turkey or another country for a long time; solidarity with Turkey and its citizens; priority interest in German or Turkish politics; proportion of persons of German origin in the circle of friends and acquaintances; the institution who defines school politics in Germany;...

Abstract (en): This study consists of a partial accumulation of 79 variables selected from the 1977 through 1998 Politbarometer West surveys. Not all the variables are available for each survey year. The major issues covered in this data collection relate to elections, politics, economics, national security, and unification of the German Democratic Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany. Election and political topics include respondents' party preferences and voting behavior in the last election, level of sympathy for other parties, satisfaction with the federal administrations, and opinions about opposition parties. Other political variables provide information on level of satisfaction with democracy, whether politicians were in the right positions, and the political interests of the respondent. Data on economic topics cover respondents' opinions on the economic situation of the Federal Republic and presumed further development, their own economic situations and expected development, and how the German economy compared with neighboring western European countries. Other economic variables include the competence of the administration or of the opposition party in ensuring jobs, improving the economic situation in East and West Germany, bettering the environment, and securing income. National security issues focus on military threats and peace security in Europe. Variables on German unification cover respondents' attitudes toward the unification of the two German states, increased world political responsibility of a united Germany, and asylum seekers and immigrants to Germany in general. Also included are respondents' opinions on the most important problems in the Federal Republic, events of the previous year, and predictions for the coming year. Demographic information on respondents includes sex, age, marital status, occupation and employment status, religious preference, and trade union membership. Between 1977 and June 1988: Citizens of voting age in the Federal Republic of Germany. Between 1988 and 1998: Citizens of voting age living in the Federal Republic of Germany in private households with telephones. Between 1977 and June 1988: Multistage stratified random sampling of people of voting age. Between August 1988 and 1998: Random sampling of people of voting age who lived in private households with telephones. Selection was according to an RDL process (randomizing the last digit of the phone number). Data collection conducted from 1977 to 1989 excluded West Berlin, while data collection from 1990 to 1998 included West Berlin. 2000-11-02 The data file has been resupplied and includes data for the years 1996, 1997, and 1998. No SAS or SPSS data definition statements are available for this new version of the collection. (1) The codebook is in German. (2) This collection has not been processed by ICPSR staff. ICPSR is distributing the data and documentation for this collection in essentially the same form in which they were received. When appropriate, documentation has been converted to Portable Document Format (PDF), data files have been converted to non-platform-specific formats, and variables have been recoded to ensure respondents' anonymity. (3) The codebook is provided by the principal investigator as a Portable Document Format (PDF) file. The PDF file format was developed by Adobe Systems Incorporated and can be accessed using PDF reader software, such as the Adobe Acrobat Reader. Information on how to obtain a copy of the Acrobat Reader is provided through the ICPSR Web site.