In 2023, Germany did the most trade with China, almost 254.5 billion euros worth. The USA and the Netherlands followed in second and third place. The value of trade with the listed countries refers to both imports and exports.

Throughout the early 20th century, Germany and Japan were both among the largest trading partners of the United States. Although the United States would declare war on Germany twice and on Japan once during this time, at which points trade would virtually cease, trade ties were fairly strong in the years without war. Values were highest in the 1920s, before global trade fell in the 1930s due to the impact of the Great Depression. All three countries were severely hit by the Depression, however the decline in trade was compounded by rising tensions between the U.S. and the new far-right governments of both Germany and Japan. After the war, U.S. investment in both nations increased significantly, helping with their post-war recovery and giving the U.S. a strong level of influence over its former adversaries - West Germany and Japan would then emerge as the two largest economies in their respective regions during the post-World War II economic boom.

This page displays a table with Germany Exports By Country in U.S. dollars, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade.

Between 1933 and 1939, Germany expanded and strengthened its trade connections with a number of Eastern European countries to a point where their economic expansion became dependent on trade with Germany, making it the dominant economic power in the region. By 1939, the year the Second World War began in Europe, Germany was the largest trading partner of the four countries listed; this was also true of Czechoslovakia in 1937, Poland in 1938, and the Soviet Union in 1940, although the share of total exports to Germany from these countries was lower. German influence increases in the Second World War To consolidate its power in the region, Germany exported its high-quality industrial products to these countries and paid above-market prices to import raw materials and agricultural produce. Following the outbreak of the war, Germany invested more into the farming sectors of the four countries listed, to the point where they were economically subordinate and considered satellite extensions of the German economy. The demand for agricultural imports from these countries impeded their industrialization and prevented them from developing their industries that could compete with Germany. Three of the countries listed would side with the Axis powers as the war escalated. At the same time, Yugoslavia was quickly annexed, and a puppet government was installed, continuing the agricultural supply to Germany. Post-war difficulties Following the war, the four listed countries eventually fell within the Soviet sphere of influence (though Yugoslavia to a lesser extent than the other three), and the dominance of agricultural sectors led to difficulties, as new communist governments attempted to take their economies in a more industrialized direction. The socialist economic systems required the agricultural means of production to be publicly owned (collectivized); however, many rural landowners were unwilling to part from their land; especially in Bulgaria. These factors exacerbated the delaying effect that Germany had had on these countries' industrialization in the 1930s, contributing to the economic imbalances that emerged between Europe's Eastern and Western Blocs in the decades that followed.

This statistic shows the main export partners of Germany as of 2022. That year, Germany's main export partner were the United States with a 10 percent share in Germany's total exports.

Exports in Germany increased to 131.70 EUR Billion in December from 128 EUR Billion in November of 2024. This dataset provides - Germany Exports - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Top Export Trading Partners of Germany with export value and Year on Year growth comparison

Germany was the biggest importer of products manufactured in Hungary in 2023, accounting for 38 billion euros worth of goods. In the same year, the value of products exported to Italy totaled 8.3 billion euros, making it the second most important export market for Hungary.

Exports: ISIC Division: fob: Germany: Forestry & Logging data was reported at 0.075 USD mn in Jan 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.168 USD mn for Dec 2024. Exports: ISIC Division: fob: Germany: Forestry & Logging data is updated monthly, averaging 0.059 USD mn from Jan 1997 (Median) to Jan 2025, with 297 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.765 USD mn in Aug 2002 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in Nov 2015. Exports: ISIC Division: fob: Germany: Forestry & Logging data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Special Secretariat for Foreign Trade and International Affairs. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Foreign Trade – Table BR.ISIC: Main Trading Partners: Division: Exports: Value.

Brazil Exports: ISIC Group: fob: Germany: Mining & Quarrying nec data was reported at 0.278 USD mn in Dec 2024. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.721 USD mn for Nov 2024. Brazil Exports: ISIC Group: fob: Germany: Mining & Quarrying nec data is updated monthly, averaging 0.645 USD mn from Jan 1997 (Median) to Dec 2024, with 332 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 11.603 USD mn in Jan 2012 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in Dec 2001. Brazil Exports: ISIC Group: fob: Germany: Mining & Quarrying nec data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Special Secretariat for Foreign Trade and International Affairs. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Foreign Trade – Table BR.ISIC: Main Trading Partners: Group: Exports: Value.

The study deals with the changes in the regional structure of Germany’s foreign trade as well as with the causes of these changes between 1880 and 1938. In this context the regional development of german import and export by continents, regions and counties for the major German tradepartners is described. After that the regional development of the trade flows of all major import- and exportproducts is analysed. The German foreign trade therefore is examined on the basis of the goods on the one hand and on the other on the basis of the countries.

For the analysis the researcher collected the data (time series) for the important goods and commodity groups. Further more he developed a consistent definition of the commodity groups, so that they are comparable.

Mehtodology

a) Definition and Problem: The following processes hab been defined as structural change: - fundamental shifts in the composition of foreign trade partners, as well as - meaningful and sustained change of direction or volume of important commodities and products that affect the trade with countries or regions.

b) Temporal Delimination: Period of investigation is from 1880 to 1938. The statistics for the war years 1914-1918 and 1939 and for the post-war years 1919-1924 have not been included in the analysis because values were not covered or values are very incomplete or unreliable coused by inflation and other circumstances of that period.

c) Changes of Territory: The data of the German trade statistics refer from 1880 to February 1906 to the German custom territory, which comprised since 1872 the territory of the German Customs Union, consisting of the 26 states, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and the Austrian municipalities Jungholz and Mittelberg. The free port areas of Hamburg, Bremerhaven, Geestermünde and Helgoland and parts of the municipality of Hamburg and Cuxhaven did not belong to the German custum territory. Since March 1906 the german trade statistics collected data of the foreign merchandise traffic of the entire German economic area, consists until the Versailler contract of the area of the German Empire including the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and the Austrian municipalities Jungholz and Mittelberg, excluding Helgoland and the badenese Custum boards. Since 1920 the official trade statistics reports the values of the foreign trade for the German Empire in its new borders. That is to say, the regions of Alsace-Lorraine, the Free City of Danzig, and parts of the Prussian provinces of East Prussia, West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia, Posen, Schleswig-Holstein, the Rhine province, the territory of Luxembourg and for the years 1919 to 1935, the Saarland no longer belong to the German economic territory. The expansion of the German Empire territory between 1938 and 1939 by the annexation of Austria, Sudetenland, Bohemia, Moravia, and the Memel territory has been kept out of consideration.

For the analysis of the German foreign trade the values of german imports and exports published by the Statistical Office of the German Empire has been used. While comparing the pre-1914 values with values after the first World War, it is important to reconsider the lost of major agricultural areas of East-Germany, which restricts the comparison and it’s explanatory power or validity. On the other hand these changes reveals the changes of Germany’s foreign trade structure. Thus, it becomes obvious how the separation of large agricultural and farming land increased Germany’s import dependency in the food sector as well as Germany’s decreased export opportunities of agricultural products.

d) System of commodity groups: The problem of published German trade values of the Official Statistics of the German Empire is, that commodity groups are not defined in terms of their content. Insofar as the information is about single goods (eg.: rye, copper, cotton, etc.), the values are reliable. This is not the case as soon as the information is about commodity groups, such as ‘food’, ‘textiles’, ‘metal goods’, etc., because the structure of the aggregation of specific goods to a commodity group has changed six times over the period of investigation. The list of countries in the german foreign trade statistics has changed as well. Therfore, the author had to revised commodity groups and country lists for the purpose of its analysis and to make them comparable.

The author developed the following scheme in order to sort countries into groups or regions:

• Europe: Denmarc, Norway, Sweden, Finnland = North Europe Netherlands, Belgium/Luxembuorg, Great Britain, France, Swizerland = West Europe Jugoslawia, Hungary, Rumania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greek, european and asiatic Turkey = South-East Europe Portugal, Spane, Italy = South Europe Poland, Tschechoslowakia, Russia, Baltic States = East Europ Austria-Hungary

• America: Canada, United States of America = North-America Mexico, Costarica, Duba, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras,...

Brazil Exports: ISIC Class: Vol: Germany: Manufacture of Sports Goods data was reported at 5.000 kg in Mar 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 23.000 kg for Feb 2023. Brazil Exports: ISIC Class: Vol: Germany: Manufacture of Sports Goods data is updated monthly, averaging 54.500 kg from Feb 1997 to Mar 2023, with 188 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 19,899.000 kg in Aug 2005 and a record low of 0.000 kg in Jul 2001. Brazil Exports: ISIC Class: Vol: Germany: Manufacture of Sports Goods data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Special Secretariat for Foreign Trade and International Affairs. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Foreign Trade – Table BR.ISIC: Main Trading Partners: Class: Exports: Volume.

Exports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) and transfer payments. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Brazil Exports: ISIC Group: Vol: Germany: Mining of Lignite data was reported at 10.000 kg in Sep 2019. Brazil Exports: ISIC Group: Vol: Germany: Mining of Lignite data is updated monthly, averaging 10.000 kg from Sep 2019 (Median) to Sep 2019, with 1 observations. Brazil Exports: ISIC Group: Vol: Germany: Mining of Lignite data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Special Secretariat for Foreign Trade and International Affairs. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Foreign Trade – Table BR.ISIC: Main Trading Partners: Group: Exports: Volume.

Brazil Exports: ISIC Class: fob: Germany: Manufacture of Games & Toys data was reported at 0.004 USD mn in Aug 2024. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.014 USD mn for Jul 2024. Brazil Exports: ISIC Class: fob: Germany: Manufacture of Games & Toys data is updated monthly, averaging 0.005 USD mn from Feb 1997 (Median) to Aug 2024, with 181 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.426 USD mn in Sep 2018 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in Nov 2021. Brazil Exports: ISIC Class: fob: Germany: Manufacture of Games & Toys data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Special Secretariat for Foreign Trade and International Affairs. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Foreign Trade – Table BR.ISIC: Main Trading Partners: Class: Exports: Value.

This statistic shows the main import partners of Germany as of 2022. That year, Germany's main import partner was the China with a 10 percent share in Germany's total imports.

The study deals with the changes in the regional structure of Germany’s foreign trade as well as with the causes of these changes between 1880 and 1938. In this context the regional development of german import and export by continents, regions and counties for the major German tradepartners is described. After that the regional development of the trade flows of all major import- and exportproducts is analysed. The German foreign trade therefore is examined on the basis of the goods on the one hand and on the other on the basis of the countries.

For the analysis the researcher collected the data (time series) for the important goods and commodity groups. Further more he developed a consistent definition of the commodity groups, so that they are comparable.

Mehtodology

a) Definition and Problem: The following processes hab been defined as structural change: - fundamental shifts in the composition of foreign trade partners, as well as - meaningful and sustained change of direction or volume of important commodities and products that affect the trade with countries or regions.

b) Temporal Delimination: Period of investigation is from 1880 to 1938. The statistics for the war years 1914-1918 and 1939 and for the post-war years 1919-1924 have not been included in the analysis because values were not covered or values are very incomplete or unreliable coused by inflation and other circumstances of that period.

c) Changes of Territory: The data of the German trade statistics refer from 1880 to February 1906 to the German custom territory, which comprised since 1872 the territory of the German Customs Union, consisting of the 26 states, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and the Austrian municipalities Jungholz and Mittelberg. The free port areas of Hamburg, Bremerhaven, Geestermünde and Helgoland and parts of the municipality of Hamburg and Cuxhaven did not belong to the German custum territory. Since March 1906 the german trade statistics collected data of the foreign merchandise traffic of the entire German economic area, consists until the Versailler contract of the area of the German Empire including the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and the Austrian municipalities Jungholz and Mittelberg, excluding Helgoland and the badenese Custum boards. Since 1920 the official trade statistics reports the values of the foreign trade for the German Empire in its new borders. That is to say, the regions of Alsace-Lorraine, the Free City of Danzig, and parts of the Prussian provinces of East Prussia, West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia, Posen, Schleswig-Holstein, the Rhine province, the territory of Luxembourg and for the years 1919 to 1935, the Saarland no longer belong to the German economic territory. The expansion of the German Empire territory between 1938 and 1939 by the annexation of Austria, Sudetenland, Bohemia, Moravia, and the Memel territory has been kept out of consideration.

For the analysis of the German foreign trade the values of german imports and exports published by the Statistical Office of the German Empire has been used. While comparing the pre-1914 values with values after the first World War, it is important to reconsider the lost of major agricultural areas of East-Germany, which restricts the comparison and it’s explanatory power or validity. On the other hand these changes reveals the changes of Germany’s foreign trade structure. Thus, it becomes obvious how the separation of large agricultural and farming land increased Germany’s import dependency in the food sector as well as Germany’s decreased export opportunities of agricultural products.

d) System of commodity groups: The problem of published German trade values of the Official Statistics of the German Empire is, that commodity groups are not defined in terms of their content. Insofar as the information is about single goods (eg.: rye, copper, cotton, etc.), the values are reliable. This is not the case as soon as the information is about commodity groups, such as ‘food’, ‘textiles’, ‘metal goods’, etc., because the structure of the aggregation of specific goods to a commodity group has changed six times over the period of investigation. The list of countries in the german foreign trade statistics has changed as well. Therfore, the author had to revised commodity groups and country lists for the purpose of its analysis and to make them comparable.

The author developed the following scheme in order to sort countries into groups or reg...

In 2023, Mexico was the top trading partner of the United States based on import value. In that year, U.S. imports from Mexico totaled to 475.6 billion U.S. dollars. China and Canada rounded out the top three as these countries continue to enjoy a close trading relationship under the United States-Mexico-Canada trade agreement. Germany and Japan were also high on the list, both providing the U.S. with over 140 billion dollars worth of imports in 2023.

Brazil Exports: ISIC Division: Vol: Germany: Manufacture of Furniture data was reported at 473,076.000 kg in Jan 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 149,621.000 kg for Dec 2024. Brazil Exports: ISIC Division: Vol: Germany: Manufacture of Furniture data is updated monthly, averaging 678,497.000 kg from Jan 1997 (Median) to Jan 2025, with 337 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3,034,379.000 kg in May 2004 and a record low of 55,629.000 kg in Nov 2023. Brazil Exports: ISIC Division: Vol: Germany: Manufacture of Furniture data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Special Secretariat for Foreign Trade and International Affairs. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Foreign Trade – Table BR.ISIC: Main Trading Partners: Division: Exports: Volume.

Brazil Exports: ISIC Class: fob: Germany: Manufacture of Wooden Containers data was reported at 0.005 USD mn in Dec 2024. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.071 USD mn for Nov 2024. Brazil Exports: ISIC Class: fob: Germany: Manufacture of Wooden Containers data is updated monthly, averaging 0.010 USD mn from Feb 1997 (Median) to Dec 2024, with 313 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.735 USD mn in Oct 2009 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in Jun 2007. Brazil Exports: ISIC Class: fob: Germany: Manufacture of Wooden Containers data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Special Secretariat for Foreign Trade and International Affairs. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Foreign Trade – Table BR.ISIC: Main Trading Partners: Class: Exports: Value.