This statistic shows the number of foreigners in Germany according to the Central Register of Foreign Nationals in 2023, by state. In 2023, North-Rhine-Westphalia had the most foreign nationals at over 3.2 million, followed by Bavaria with almost 2.4 million and Baden-Württemberg with around 2.2 million. Foreigners are those who are not German based on Article 116, Paragraph 1 of the German constitution. These include stateless persons and those with unclear citizenship as well as the population group with a migration background. Individuals with a migration background can either have immigrated into Germany or been born in the country to at least one parent who was born a foreigner.

The largest number of immigrants in Germany were from Ukraine, as of 2023. The top three origin countries were rounded up by Romania and Turkey. Immigrants are defined as having left a country, which may be their home country, to permanently reside in another. Upon arriving, immigrants do not hold the citizenship of the country they move to. Immigration in the EU All three aforementioned countries are members of the European Union, which means their citizens have freedom of movement between EU member states. In practice, this means that citizens of any EU member country may relocate between them to live and work there. Unrestricted by visas or residence permits, the search for university courses, jobs, retirement options, and places to live seems to be defined by an enormous amount of choice. However, even in this freedom of movement scheme, immigration may be hampered by bureaucratic hurdles or financial challenges. Prosperity with a question mark While Germany continues to be an attractive destination for foreigners both in and outside the European Union, as well as asylum applicants, it remains to be seen how current events might influence these patterns, whether the number of immigrants arriving from certain countries will shift. Europe’s largest economy is suffering. Climbing inflation levels in the last few months, as well as remaining difficulties from the ongoing coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic are affecting global economic development. Ultimately, future immigrants may face the fact of moving from one struggling economy to another.

In 2023, **** percent of Berlin's population were foreigners. Therefore, among all German federal states, Berlin had the highest foreigner share, followed by Bremen and Hamburg. On the other side of the spectrum, only ***** percent of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania were non-Germans.

The empirical dataset is derived from a survey carried out on 25 estates in 14 cities in nine different European countries: France (Lyon), Germany (Berlin), Hungary (Budapest and Nyiregyha´za), Italy (Milan), the Netherlands (Amsterdam and Utrecht), Poland (Warsaw), Slovenia (Ljubljana and Koper), Spain (Barcelona and Madrid), and Sweden (Jo¨nko¨ping and Stockholm). The survey was part of the EU RESTATE project (Musterd & Van Kempen, 2005). A similar survey was constructed for all 25 estates.

The survey was carried out between February and June 2004. In each case, a random sample was drawn, usually from the whole estate. For some estates, address lists were used as the basis for the sample; in other cases, the researchers first had to take a complete inventory of addresses themselves (for some deviations from this general trend and for an overview of response rates, see Musterd & Van Kempen, 2005). In most cities, survey teams were hired to carry out the survey. They worked under the supervision of the RESTATE partners. Briefings were organised to instruct the survey teams. In some cases (for example, in Amsterdam and Utrecht), interviewers were recruited from specific ethnic groups in order to increase the response rate among, for example, the Turkish and Moroccan residents on the estates. In other cases, family members translated questions during a face-to-face interview. The interviewers with an immigrant background were hired in those estates where this made sense. In some estates it was not necessary to do this because the number of immigrants was (close to) zero (as in most cases in CE Europe).

The questionnaire could be completed by the respondents themselves, but also by the interviewers in a face-to-face interview.

Data and Representativeness

The data file contains 4756 respondents. Nearly all respondents indicated their satisfaction with the dwelling and the estate. Originally, the data file also contained cases from the UK.

However, UK respondents were excluded from the analyses because of doubts about the reliability of the answers to the ethnic minority questions. This left 25 estates in nine countries. In general, older people and original populations are somewhat over-represented, while younger people and immigrant populations are relatively under-represented, despite the fact that in estates with a large minority population surveyors were also employed from minority ethnic groups. For younger people, this discrepancy probably derives from the extent of their activities outside the home, making them more difficult to reach. The under-representation of the immigrant population is presumably related to language and cultural differences. For more detailed information on the representation of population in each case, reference is made to the reports of the researchers in the different countries which can be downloaded from the programme website. All country reports indicate that despite these over- and under-representations, the survey results are valuable for the analyses of their own individual situation.

This dataset is the result of a team effort lead by Professor Ronald van Kempen, Utrecht University with funding from the EU Fifth Framework.

The main objective of the ENTRA (Recent Immigration Processes and Early Integration Trajectories in Germany) Survey was to collect data on new immigrants in Germany that capture immigration and settlement dynamics as well as integration trajectories. The study consists of a two-wave panel survey of four different immigrant groups: Italians, Poles, Syrians, and Turks. In the first wave, new immigrants were interviewed in the first years of their stay in Germany. About a year and a half later, they were interviewed a second time to track their early integration progress. During the survey period from 10.05.2019 to 31.10.2019 (Wave 1) und 20.11.2020 to 21.04.2021 (Wave 2), immigrants from Italy, Poland, Syria, and Turkey between the ages of 18 and 40 were surveyed in online interviews (CAWI), telephone interviews (CATI), and in-person interviews (CAPI) about various aspects of immigrant integration, including language skills and use, ethnic and national identities, ethnic boundaries, political participation, religious affiliation and practices, social contacts and networks, educational attainment, labor market participation, and health. Respondents were selected through a two-stage sampling procedure. In the first step, the five cities with the largest immigration flows were selected for each group based on data from migration statistics and the Central Register of Foreigners (AZR). In the second step, again separately for each immigrant group, a random sample of target individuals was drawn from the cities´ population registers. The panel study was designed as a multimodal survey conducted in the national language of each immigrant group. A total of 4,448 immigrants and refugees participated in the first wave of the survey, and longitudinal data from both panel waves are available for 3,366 cases. The additional COVID-19 survey was conducted in May/June 2020. Only a small sample of questions from the main survey was included in the questionnaire, while several questions about the COVID-19 situation were added. Unlike the first and second waves, the COVID-19 survey was conducted as an online survey only.

BackgroundLittle is known about knowledge, attitudes and behaviors concerning Chagas disease (CD) among Latin American migrants in Germany to inform public health decision making.MethodsA cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted between March 2014 and October 2019 among Latin American migrants in six cities in Germany to obtain information on migration history, socioeconomic and insurance status, knowledge about CD, potential risk factors for Trypanosoma cruzi infection, and willingness to donate blood or organs.Results168 participants completed the questionnaire. The four countries with the highest proportion of participants contributing to the study population were Colombia, Mexico, Peru and Ecuador. Before migrating to Europe, the majority of the study population resided in an urban setting in houses made of stone or concrete, had higher academic education and was integrated into the German healthcare and healthcare insurance system. The majority of all study participants were also willing to donate blood and organs and a quarter of them had donated blood previously. However, many participants lacked basic knowledge about symptoms and modes of transmission of Chagas disease. One out of 56 serologic tests (1.8%) performed was positive. The seropositive female participant born in Argentina had a negative PCR test and no signs of cardiac or other organ involvement.ConclusionsThe study population does not reflect the population structure at risk for T. cruzi infection in endemic countries. Most participants had a low risk profile for infection with T. cruzi. Although the sample size was small and sampling was not representative of all persons at risk in Germany, the seroprevalence found was similar to studies previously conducted in Europe. As no systematic screening for T. cruzi in Latin American blood and organ donors as well as in women of child-bearing age of Latin American origin is implemented in Germany, a risk of occasional transmission of T. cruzi remains.

As recorded by the source, Moroccans ranked as the foreign nationality with more residents in Spain in 2023, closely followed by Romanians. After years of losing its foreign population, Spain’s immigration figures started to pick up in 2015, with the number of people that moved to the Mediterranean country surpassing the number of foreigners that decided to leave.

A matter of balance The net migration rate of Spain changed its course mainly due to the great inflow of foreigners that move to reside in the Mediterranean country. Spain’s immigration flow slowed down after the 2008 financial crisis, albeit the number of foreigners that opted to change their residence saw a significant growth in the last years. In 2022, Colombians ranked first as the foreign nationality that most relocated to Spain, distantly followed by Moroccans and Ukranians.

Spain does not have the highest number of immigrants in Europe In recent years, the European Union confronted a rising number of refugees arriving from the Middle East. Migration figures show that Germany accommodated approximately 15 million foreign-born citizens, ranking it as the country that most hosted immigrants in Europe in 2022. By comparison, Spain’s foreign population stood slightly over seven million, positioning the Western Mediterranean country third on the European list of foreign-born population. Unfortunately, thousands of persons have died ore gone missing trying to reach Spanish territory, as more and more irregular migrants opt to use dangerous maritime routes to arrive at Southern Europe from Africa's coasts.

This study aims to contribute to knowledge about the peace-building agency of civilian actors in marginalized social-housing neighborhoods, who deal with the consequences of terrorist violence in European cities. The bulk of peace and conflict studies literature has provided insight in the dynamics of violence rather than peace. The innovative character of this study therefore is that it interprets existing and new data on dealing with violence with a novel approach, that of geographies of peace. This innovative approach breaks with the tendency of peace and conflict studies to focus on the Global South, state processes and armed conflict and makes it very relevant for studying initiatives in European cities that deal with the aftermaths of paroxysmal violence. The study draws on data collected in three different cities: Grenoble, Freiburg and Brcko. This dataset concerns the data that has been collected in the region of Freiburg (DE).

The title of the sub-project was "Everyday Peace2 and sought to answer how peace is understood, experienced, and lived by migrant women at different stages of an asylum procedure in Germany.

The data is collected by Leonie Bozenhardt and Felicitas Winker under the supervision of Claske Dijkema, in the context of a Research Lab in the MA program Changing Societies at the University of Basel (2021-2022).

“Everyday Peace” is a participatory research project conducted by students from the University of Basel. It is a part of the Horizon 2020 funded URPEACE project that is interested in urban peace-making and the peace-building agency of stigmatized civilian actors in European cities dealing with the consequences of violence.

The everyday peace sub-project invited migrant women at different stages of an asylum procedure in Germany to a conversation throughout a workshop series. The aim is gain knowledge about how peace is understood, experienced, and manifested in migrants` everyday lives in Germany. The research is dedicated to finding out more about how peace is perceived and experienced in the country of arrival, instead of looking at the countries of origin. On the one hand this approach offers a personal insight of the women into very individual ideas about and experiences of peace in contrast to only looking at peace as the absence of war; and on the other hand, it helps to identify overlapping experiences and concepts. We conducted two focus groups, working with migrant women from the area around a city in Southern Germany. Focus group discussions give the opportunity to concentrate on the exchange among the participants. The aim of this project is to improve knowledge about different understandings of peace and the challenges to peace in migrants´ lives in Germany.

The research project “Everyday Peace – How is peace understood, experienced and manifested in migrants’ everyday lives in Germany” was conducted between November 2021 and April 2022 by two students from the University of Basel. Within that period two focus groups were formed and brought together for a total of four workshops; each group participated in two workshops within a week’s time and expressed themselves about how peace is understood, experienced, and manifested in their everyday lives. The workshops took place in Freiburg im Breisgau and each meeting lasted around two to three hours and was audio recorded. To understand how people feel and think about the subject, each workshop day was based on a participatory research method. The first workshop day included certain aspects of the game “Dixit” as a photo elicitation and during the second workshop day the participants created a “Relief Map”. While methods will be described later in depth, it can be already mentioned that the students not only took on the role as researcher but also as a participant themselves and moderator. Furthermore, outside of the workshops one is still being the social worker of two participants of Group A.

Both student researchers have a professional background in social work in contexts of migration and they could draw on already existing and trust-based relationships. The snowball method was used to find additional participants. The used method is described in detail in the document “Research Lab Report Winker and Bozenhardt”. This method led to the formation of two groups of women, one from central and west-Africa and the other from Afghanistan. Their legal perspectives to stay in Germany differed greatly. A list of participants, with their pseudonym, country of origin, age, political status etc. is among the uploaded documents. They have all signed a statement that the discussions could be recorded and could be made public under the condition that the results were pseudonymized. In the transcripts all names have been pseudonymized. The pseudonyms have been chosen by the participants themselves.

This database contains the transcripts of the focus groups that took place on:

29 January 2022 (Workshop 1, Group A)
05 February 2022 (Workshop 2, Group A)
07 Mach 2022 (Workshop 1, Group B)
08 March 2022 (Workshop 2, Group B)

The Bertelsmann Stiftung has been conducting the ´Social Cohesion Radar´ project since 2012. The aim is to measure the quality of social cohesion in different communities. The study presented here extends the state of knowledge by taking a look at the municipal level. In the fall of 2015, 2,605 representatively selected Bremen citzizens were surveyed on the dimensions of social cohesion in 78 of the 88 districts of Bremen. The survey includes questions on the conditions of cohesion, questions on the effects of cohesion, Bremen-specific questions and questions on the current refugee situation in Bremen.

Topics: Duration of residence in the district (year of moving in); satisfaction in the district; solidarity with the city, the district, the district and the neighbourhood (geopolitical identity); desire to move or feeling of belonging to the district; subjective neighbourhood concept; housing: Housing status; social housing construction; apartment size in sqm; number of living spaces; assessment of rent; social network: size of circle of friends and acquaintances in the district; frequency of private meetings with friends, relatives and work colleagues; frequency of random meetings of friends on the street; private meetings with neighbours; trust in fellow human beings: general personal trust; general assessment of helpfulness; trust in strangers; trust in returning a purse lost in the neighbourhood; acceptance of diversity: district a good place for children, people with different daily rhythms, foreigners, migrants, homosexuals, people of different skin colours, refugees; immigrants enrich cultural life in Germany; satisfaction with the composition of the neighbourhood; satisfaction with the neighbourhood activities in the district; satisfaction with the efforts of local politicians towards the neighbourhood; institutional trust: Trust in local political parties or at federal, judicial and municipal level; sense of justice: fair share of the standard of living; infrastructure in the neighbourhood: equipping the neighbourhood with day-care facilities for senior citizens, public green spaces and sports or leisure facilities compared to other neighbourhoods; investment in street maintenance compared to other neighbourhoods; city does not care enough about the neighbourhood; solidarity and helpfulness: personal helpfulness towards strangers; frequency of personal helpfulness in general as well as in the neighbourhood; frequency of lending to neighbours; assessment of helpfulness in the district in general; agreement with the accommodation of refugees in the district; responsibility of the city of Bremen for refugees; respondent offers help for refugees himself; recognition of social rules: various problems in the district (e.g.e.g. dog excrement on the street, wrong parkers, etc.); feeling of security at night in the surroundings and in the residential area; crime in the district; social participation: Interest in politics; interest in local politics; personal commitment to the residential area; type of political commitment in the last twelve months (e.g. assumption of a political office, participation in a demonstration, etc.).); assessment of the refugee situation in Bremen; frequency of Internet use for private purposes; number of books in the household; self-assessment of religiousness; personal values (developing new ideas, wealth, security, amusement, doing good, success, risk-taking, doing right, environment, traditions); general feeling of happiness; general life satisfaction;; agreement to various statements (own life comes close to the ideal, living conditions are excellent, satisfied with life, getting the most important things desired by life so far, would change almost nothing if I could live my life again); self-assessment of general state of health; impairment when climbing stairs by the state of health; chronic diseases.

Demography: sex; age (year of birth, month of birth); age grouped; number of landline numbers in the household; household size; number of children in the household; marital status; employment status; group membership if not full-time or part-time; highest vocational qualification; receipt of social assistance; net household income; citizenship; birth of the respondent and his parents in Germany (migration background); language spoken at home.

Additionally coded: respondent ID; street name; district name; entry in telephone directory; weighting factor; total of problems in the district...

Data derived from weekly public opinion polls in the Netherlands in 1993 concerning social and political issues. Samples were drawn from the Dutch population aged 18 years and older.

All data from the surveys held between 1962 and 2000 are available in the DANS data collections.

Background variables:
Sex / age / religion / income / vote recall latest elections / party preference / level of education / union membership / professional status / < self > left-right rating / party alignment / province / degree of urbanization / weight factor.

Topical variables:
n9312: Respondent's familiarity with individualization of society / Whether respondent considers himself as a member of a family, member of a union, member of a church, member of an occupational group, active member of one or more clubs, societies or pressure group, member of a political party, or specific political conviction / Feelings concerning: belonging to a certain region, city, village or province, the feeling being Dutch / Respondent's on togetherness / Preferred political administrator / Desired political influence of: d'Ancona, Bolkestein, Brinkman, Dales, van Dam, Kok, Kooijmans, Lubbers, May-Weggen, van Mierlo, Rottenberg, Wiegel, Wöltgens, Zijlstra.
n9317: Whether respondent visited foreign countries, for holidays or for work / Whether respondent visited: Belgium, Germany, France, Great Britain, Spain, Italy, Portugal, Austria, Switzerland, Greece, USA, Indonesia / Whether respondent got to know one or more inhabitants of those countries / Attitude towards inhabitants of Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain and the USA / Qualities of the Belgians, the French, the Germans, the British, the Americans, and the Dutch in the field of hard working, enjoying life, reliable, good for having fun, making products of very good quality, having no sense of humour, being polite, dictatorially or ambitious, good clients who like to buy Dutch products, vain or conceited, democratic, enjoyable.
n9318: Preferred denomination of mayors, by citizens, by the city council or by the home secretary / If respondent could vote for the prime-minister, which of the following persons should respondent choose: Ria Beckers, Bolkestein, Brinkman, Marcel van Dam, Wim Kok, Lubbers, Van Mierlo, De Vries, Wiegel, Wöltgens.
n9323: Respondent’s opinion about the present coalition / Voting intention at the coming parliamentary elections / Preferred coalition after the coming parliamentary elections / Whether the political party 'Groen Links' [environmentalists] should also be a partner in the next coalition / Whether respondent is personally involved in the proposed government program concerning: a professional army, the 'Betuwe' railroad line, disability benefits, changes in social security payments for persons between 18 and 21 years old, changes in the medical insurance system, the salaries of civil servants / Consequences for respondents income.
n9325: Whether respondent knows in which city the headquarters of the European Community is having residence / Respondents interest in the European Community / Whether one of the following countries, all members of the European Community, should be excluded from membership: Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain / Whether one of the following countries, all non-members of the European Community, should be included in the EC member- ship: Finland, Hungary, Norway, Austria, Poland, Czechia, Turkey, Sweden, Switzerland / Whether respondent feels more affinity with the Christian, the socialist or the liberal movements in Dutch politics / Whether respondent knows which political parties belong to the socialist movement.
n9330: Respondent identifies him/Herself with one of three political mainstreams: Christian, Socialist, Liberal. To what political mainstream does Van Mierlo, Brinkman, Bolkestein belong? Which political parties define as liberal. Some basic facilities like housing, work, medical care, education task of government or of people themselves.
n9331: Voting intention for Parliamentary elections may 1994. When voting: voting for a particular party or against one or more particular parties. Voting for particular party because oppose particular person from another party. Voting for particular party because of a particular person. If elections for prime-minister, respondent would choose Brinkman/Wiegel, Kok/Van Mierlo, Brinkman/Wiegel, Van Mierlo/Wiegel of two candidates.
n9333: Respondent might vote for one or more political parties in future. Ever voted for one of all political parties that existed in last decade. What is the ideal family size. Population in the Netherlands increases by immigrants and those who ask for asylum: good or bad development. Precautions necessary to restrict number of immigrants. Immigrants will assimilate in the long end, will learn our language, etc. Children and...

In 2023, it was estimated that more than ********* Brazilians were living outside Brazil. The United States had the largest community, with over ********* Brazilian citizens. Portugal was the second country with the largest Brazilian community, namely ******* citizens. Brazilians abroad The Brazilian community sought economic opportunities in the United States in the 1980s, leading to the establishment of communities in New York and Boston. Facilitated by the common language and Portugal's favorable laws for the Community of Portuguese-speaking countries, Lisbon became the most popular destination in Europe. This city harbors more than ****** Brazilians, with women making up the majority of these. Immigration in Brazil Although more than ********* Brazilians live outside of Brazil, the country has had a positive migration rate since 2010, meaning that more people are arriving than leaving. One factor contributing to this is the current humanitarian crisis in Venezuela, which has increased the number of refugees arriving in Brazil each year.

Argentina has the largest Italian population outside of Italy, with around 1.17 million Italians residing in the South American country as of 2023. This community represented almost one fifth of all citizens residing outside the Republic, seven million. Germany hosted the second-largest community, with about 900,000 Italians, while in Brazil lived around 790,000 people with Italian citizenship. In total, three million Italians resided in the Americas, whereas 3.5 million in other European countries. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Argentina was one of the main destinations for Italian emigrants, in particular in the early 1900s. Increasing tendency to emigrate  Between 2006 and 2020, the number of Italians living abroad constantly increased. As of 2020, over five million Italians lived outside their homeland. Data related to the educational level of the emigrated population show that one third of the academics decided to leave the country. In 2017, 32.5 percent of Italians holding a university degree did not reside in Italy. Better jobs and lower taxes  When asked about the reasons why leaving their country, the opportunity to pay lower taxes and have better jobs played an important role. Indeed, about 43 percent of Italians declared to be ready to leave Italy for a place where taxes were lower. In addition, roughly 37 percent could leave Italy for better working chances.

The number of people with Russian citizenship living in European countries as of January 1, 2023, was by far the highest in Germany. The country's population includes around 260,000 Russian citizens. That was more than double the number of Russian citizens living in Spain. To compare, over 35,400 Russian nationals resided in Czechia.

As of 2022, the European country with the most citizens of the People's Republic of China was Italy, with around 300,000 people. Spain also hosted a substantial number of Chinese nationals at roughly 193,000 people. These figures are likely to underestimate the number of people who were born in China or are of Chinese ancestry, as many of these immigrants receive the citizenship of the European country which they migrated to after living there for a period of time, and the People's Republic of China does not allow its citizens to hold dual citizenship.

As of January 2021, Germany was the first destination of Italian emigrants within the European Union, followed by France and Belgium.

Data refer to the number of people reported in the Registry of Italians Resident Abroad (A.I.R.E.).

The two countries with the greatest shares of the world's Jewish population are the United States and Israel. The United States had been a hub of Jewish immigration since the nineteenth century, as Jewish people sought to escape persecution in Europe by emigrating across the Atlantic. The Jewish population in the U.S. is largely congregated in major urban areas, such as New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago, with the New York metropolitan area being the city with the second largest Jewish population worldwide, after Tel Aviv, Israel. Israel is the world's only officially Jewish state, having been founded in 1948 following the first Arab-Israeli War. While Jews had been emigrating to the holy lands since the nineteenth century, when they were controlled by the Ottoman Empire, immigration increased rapidly following the establishment of the state of Israel. Jewish communities in Eastern Europe who had survived the Holocaust saw Israel as a haven from persecution, while the state encouraged immigration from Jewish communities in other regions, notably the Middle East & North Africa. Smaller Jewish communities remain in Europe in countries such as France, the UK, and Germany, and in other countries which were hotspots for Jewish migration in the twentieth century, such as Canada and Argentina.

In 2024, Turkey was the country that hosted the highest amount of Syrian refugees, amounting up to 3.1 million refugees. Lebanon was second, hosting 775,000 Syrian refugees. The data refers to the total number of Syrian refugees in a given country, not considering the date of their application for asylum or the date of their flight.